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Abstract@#The birch leaves were used as a substitute for birch bark, buds and chaga of birch in traditional medicine because the birch leaves are considered to be less toxic. Numerous researches conducted in Russia, Bulgaria, Japan, and China on <i>B.pubescens, B. pendula, B.Rezniczenkoana (Litv) </i> Schischk, <i>B.humilis</i> Schrank, and <i>B.mandshurica</i> Rgl Nakai found that birch barks and leaves contain antioxidants and they have anti-cancer, anti-yeast, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, liver protective and bile secretion induction properties. The studies conducted on animals with diseases showed that the birch leaves had anti-inflammatory properties on the gastric mucosa during acute stress, as well as anti-biliary and giardiasis. The birch leaf phytopreparations experimentations used on animals showed reduced peripheral tissue insulin resistance and lowered blood sugar. Mongolian traditional medicinal journals noted that the birch barks are used to treat inflammatory acute diseases. Therefore, this study was performed to determine the effects of two species of birch leaves on blood sugar and antioxidant activities in diabetes-induced rats.@*The study materials and methods@#The study was conducted in the Pharmacology Research Laboratory of the Monos Group’s Institute of Pharmacology. 40 WISTAR, non-linear white rats weighing 150-204 g were used in the experiments. Dry extract of birch leaves of the two species (Alloxan monohydrate Tokyo Chemical Industry LTD), IGM-100 3A blood glucose meter (Blood glucose test meter, Infopia LTD, Brussels Belgium) and sugar test (Blood glucose test strip only, province, China) were used for the experiment. Lenzen’s (2008) method was used to induce Alloxan diabetes in the rats and the antioxidant properties were determined by the antioxidant activity kit (Rat Malondialchehyche Elisa KIT, cat. № EKRAT- 0266, Jilin).@*Study Result@#The blood glucose level of the control group with diabetes lowered from 31.5 mmol/l to 17.1 mmol/l in 14 days. As for the <i>B.platyphylla</i> Sukacz group, the blood glucose level reduced to 6.3 mmol/l and the <i>B.hippolytii. </i> Sukacz group’s blood glucose level reduced to 6.9 mmol/l in 14 days.</br> The study results showed that <i>B.hippolytii </i>Sukacz birch leaves and <i>B.platyphilla</i> Sukacz birch leaves’ extracts reduced the maximum level of MDA dilution (4.8 nmol/ml) of B.hippolytii Sukacz and B.platyphilla Sukacz groups by 33.9% and 53.5% respectively. This suggests that the birch leaves had antioxidant effect.@*Conclusion@#<i>B.hippolytii </i>Sukacz birch leaves and <i>B. platyphilla </i> (Sukacz) birch leaves lowered the blood glucose level and had antioxidant properties on diabetes.
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Abstract@#Numerous researches conducted in Russia, Bulgaria, Japan, and China on <i>B.pubescens, B. pendula, B.rezniczenkoana (Litv) </i> Schischk, <i>B.humilis</i> Schrank, <i>B.mandshurica</i> Rgl Nakai found that birch barks and leaves contain antioxidants and they have anti-cancer, anti-fungi, antibac- terial and anti-inflammatory properties, protect liver and promote bile secretion. Flat leaved birch (<i>B.platyphylla</i> Sukacz) cortex contains betulin and lupeol of triterpenoids and it’s leaves contain flavonoid and polyphenol compounds. The amounts of compounds found in the cortex are smaller than leaves. Specifically, the amount of flavonoid in leaves is more contained than the that of cortex and leaf buds. In any pharmacology study of new medicines, determination and evaluation of toxicity is the first priority. According to scientific evidences that birch leaves are considered to have less toxins. Not many studies have been conducted on determining toxicity of birch leaves in Mongolia. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to study the species of birches, hippolytii birch (<i>B.hippolytii. </i> Sukacz) and flat leaved birch (<i>B.platyphylla. </i> Sukacz), that were noted to have medical properties in traditional medications and identify their acute toxicity using dry extract and determine mortality dosage (LD<sub>50</sub>) on animals.@*Research materials and methods@#Evaluation of the acute toxicity of birch leaves was conducted in Pharmacology laboratory of Monos group’s Drug Research Institute between June 19, 2020 and August 10. In this research, 150-204 g of WISTAR breed non-linear 44 white rats were used and 20 g of <i>B.Hippolytii’</i>s dry extract and 20 g of B. <i>Platyphylla</i> ‘s dry extract were injected.</br> The experiments to determine the toxicity of dry extracts of <i>B. hippolytii</i> and <i>B. platyphylla</i> (LD<sub>50</sub>) were conducted according to Litchfield and Wilcoxon’s method and subcutaneous injects were per formed in the pelvic area of the rats. @*Results of determining acute toxicity level@#The experiments to determine the acute toxicity level of the birch’s dry extracts followed Litchfield and Wilcoxon’s method with 2-stage. LD<sub>50</sub> level was determined from the first stage of the research using G.N.Pirshen’s method and the toxicity level was identified using K.K.Sidorov’s toxicity categorization.</br> From the acute toxicity research, no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL), animal daily dosage and human daily dosage (experimental) were determined. LD<sub>50</sub> 2950 mg/kg was determined as a result of acute toxicity research of B.hippolytii and B.platyphilla leaves’ dry extract.
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Abstract@#Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) kill 41 million people each year, equivalent to 71% of all deaths globally and diabetes is one of the top 5 causes of these diseases.According to Mongolia's health statistics, diabetes accounted for 41.5% of all diseases of endocrine, nutritional and metabolic disorders and the morbidity rate was 82.9 per 10 000 population in 2018. </br> We chose to study the Usu-3 traditional medicine, which has been used in medicine for diabetes.@*Purpose@#The study of effects for "Usu-3" traditional medicine in alloxan-induced diabetic model@*Methods@#The experiment were performed using (Sheriff Modu*, A. Laila et al, 2011) and (Ju JB, Kim JSet al, 2008) method.@*Results@#The "Usu-3" traditional drug has been shown to have a gradual effect on lowering serum glucose in short time and normal level in medium time. Therefore as well as normal levels of lipids in all groups.@*Conclusion@#"Usu-3" traditional drug has been shown to gradually lower blood serum glucose and when to study the antihyperglycaemic and antihyperlipidaemic effects of "Usu-3" traditional drug at in alloxan induced diabetic rats.
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Abstract@#Diabetes is describe as a disease of the thirst (undaasah) in the four foundations of traditional drug (Kh. Tumbaa, 1991).</br> There are drugs such as Jur Ur-4, Sopagi-14, Yunva-4 and Usu-3 used for thirst disease. One of the main medicines used in Mongolian traditional drug is “Usu-3”. This is drug with 3 ingredients (Coriandrum sativum L.), (Inula helenium L.), (Hippophae rhamnoides L.). Each of these ingredients were studied indivudually, but not studied in combination.@*Purpose@#To study liver protection effects and toxicity of the “Usu-3” traditional drug in the pathological diabetic model.@*Methods@#The experiment were performed using acute and chronic toxicity study by Organization economic cooperation development (OECD 423), effect of antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic on the alloxan induced diabetic milletus. (Sheriff Modu*, A. Laila et al, 2011) and (Ju JB, Kim JS et al, 2008) method.@*Results@#</br> 1. The “Usu-3” traditional drug was tested in animals at a dose of 5 to 5000 mg/kg in accordance with OECD guideline 423 for acute toxicity study and was found to be harmless in the GHS category. Therefore showed no signs of chronic poisoning with the maximum dose determined for chronic toxicity studies oral administration by 5000mg/kg for 2 months.</br> 2. The “Usu-3” traditional drug’s group has been shown to reducing the levels of Aspartate Aminotransferase and Alanine Aminotransferease comparison with other groups. @*Conclusion@#“Usu-3” traditional drug was found to be harmless in the GHS category, showed no signs of acute and chronic toxicity. </br> “Usu-3” traditional drug have a protection effect for liver at short and medium time in alloxan induced diabetic rats model.
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BackgroundTraditional Mongolian Medicine has a history of over 5000 years. Scientific development of TM hasstarted in 1959. Since 1999 Mongolia was categorized by WHO as a country having an Integrativesystem of TM- officially recognized and incorporated into all areas of health care provision, TMMresearch has been following key objectives of National R&D programs.AimIn order to assess the situation of TMM development we have conducted this study based on last10 years’ research done.Ìaterial and MethodsDocument study- we have selected key TMM’s R&D project implementers’ archive and humanresources documents.Descriptive and Analytic methods- a survey of 32 questions evaluating participation of TMMprofessionals in R&D work were conducted. Also, to clarify the point of view about TMM’s R&D6 focus group meetings with different level participants, such as professional committee, policymakers and research workers as well as health care providers, were organized.ResultsFrom 2004-2013, there are 28 projects implemented on TMM, 43% accomplished by TMMRTC,32.8% of which is resulting in raw materials standardization and technology study, related clinicalstudies standing 20% out of all studies done on TMM matter. These numbers are confirmed bysurvey and focus group interviews, more than 50% of participants willing to conduct a clinical studyand expressing difficulties such as lack of knowledge of methodology, policy support and revenue.Conclusions:1. TMM R&D has a potential growth due to human resources capacity. Practitioners are leastinvolved in R&D, due to lack of knowledge of methodology and revenue.2. There were 28 projects implemented on TMM matter, most of these are basic studies, fewerclinical studies done, resulting in pharmacopeia monographs and technological guidelines.
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Introduction. Garidi-5, a traditional medicine composed of 5 herbs including Terminalia chebula Retz. Aconitum Kusnezoffii Reichb., Acorus calamus L., Saussurea lappa L., and musk of Moschus moschiferus, has been used in traditional Mongolian medicine as an analgesic and antibacterial medicine. The present work was undertaken to evaluate the traditional drug Garidi-5 for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity.Materials and Methods. The method of Winter et al. was used to study acute inflammation. Rats in groups of five each were treated with vehicle, Garidi-5 (20, 80 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) and Indometacin (10 mg/kg) one hour prior to Carrageenan injection. 0.1 ml of 1% Carrageenan was injected into the subplantar tissue of left hind paw of each rat. Swelling of carrageenan injected foot was measured at 0, 0.5, 2, 4 h using Plethysmometer (UGO Basile, Italy)). The right hind pawwas injected with 0.1 ml of vehicle.ResultsThe Garidi-5 (20, 80 and 200 mg/kg) significantly (P<0.01) inhibited carrageenan induced rat paw edema as compared to control group. Maximum inhibition of paw edema was observed with Garidi-5 (80 and 200 mg/kg) at 4 h when compared to the control group (Tab.1). In assay data, the TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 secretion in serum were highly elevated by carrageenan induction but administration of Garidi-5 signifi cantly reduced serum secretion of inflammatory mediators as compared to vehicle group (Tab. 2). ConclusionIn conclusion, Traditional drug Garidi-5 have anti-in flammatory properties. The potential efficacy of Garidi-5 to treat inflammation is based in a part on the hy pothesis that it will suppress the proinflammatory cytok ines resulting in less oedema.
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Introduction. Garidi-5, a traditional medicine composed of 5 herbs including Terminalia chebula Retz., Aconitum Kusnezoffii Reichb., Acorus calamus L., Saussurea lappa L., and musk of Moschus moschiferus, has been used in traditional Mongolian medicine as an analgesic and antibacterial medicine. The present work was undertaken to evaluate the traditional drug Garidi-5 for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity.Materials and Methods. The method of Winter et al. was used to study acute inflammation. Rats in groups of five each were treated with vehicle, Garidi-5 (20, 80 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) and Indometacin (10 mg/kg) one hour prior to Carrageenan injection. 0.1 ml of 1% Carrageenan was injected into the subplantar tissue of left hind paw of each rat. Swelling of carrageenan injected foot was measured at 0, 0.5, 2, 4 h using Plethysmometer (UGO Basile, Italy)). The right hind paw was injected with 0.1 ml of vehicle.Results. The Garidi-5 (20, 80 and 200 mg/kg) significantly (P<0.01) inhibited carrageenan induced rat paw edema as compared to control group. Maximum inhibition of paw edema was observed with Garidi- 5 (80 and 200 mg/kg) at 4 h when compared to the control group (Tab.1). In assay data, the TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 secretion in serum were highly elevated by carrageenan induction but administration of Garidi-5 signifi cantly reduced serum secretion of inflammatory mediatorsas compared to vehicle group (Tab. 2).Conclusion. In conclusion, Traditional drug Garidi-5 have anti-in flammatory properties. The potential efficacy of Garidi-5 to treat inflammation is based in a part on the hy pothesis that it will suppress the proinflammatory cytok ines resulting in less oedema.
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BackgroundThese study made us to investigate the drug row material of Mongolian traditional medicine such us Tribulus terrestris, Malva neclecta Wall and Eriocheir sinensis compounded preparation named “Malbus”. Investigated us preparations steel using for treatment of kidney and urinetract deseases, it is one of effective in Mongolian traditional drug preparations.Material and MethodsThe experimental protocol was approved by the Ethics Review Committee at the Ministry Health of Mongolia. In research we used 20 healthy mice and 60 Wistar rats. Investigation was based and implemented at scientific research laboratory of Traditional Medical Science Technology and Producttion Corporation and pathological laboratory of Institute Veterinary medicine. Chemically acting substances is steroid saponin content in Malbus compound was detected by using thin layerchromatography (TLC) and its value was determined by UV-spectrophotometry. The acute oral toxicity study was according to the method Prozorovsky (1978). The toxic nephrosis was produced using Gentamicin (80 mg/kg) rats by using Neugarten’s method (1983).ResultsThe ethanolic extract results of the phytochemical investigations showed that conteined in the “Malbus” determined the presence of bioactive substances such as flavonoids, steroid saponins. The ethanolic extract of Malbus was found to be LD50 of 16.3 g/kg. Toxic nephrosis was induced in Wistar rats administered preparation Malbus dose 80 mg/kg, 160 mg/kg, and 240 mg/kg. Blood levels of creatinine, uric acid, and urea were siginificantly reduced by Malbus treatment compared tocontrol. Histological study revealed that Malbus was effective for treatment of nephritis in rats induced by gentamicin.Conclusions:1. The ethanolic extract of “Malbus” compound determined the presence of bioactive substances such as flavonoids, steroid saponins.2. LD50 of Malbus 16.3 g/kg, the preparation is has nephroprotective effect on experimental Gentamicine induced nephrosis in rats.
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IntroductionNowadays the risk factors for thrombosis include blood stasis, vessel wall injury, and hypercoagulability, as proposed by Virchow over 150 years ago. We chose to study affect of Zomoshin 6 tan to the model of thrombosis formed in experimental animal. It was written in books and sudar that it has action of treating some type’s disease such as blood diluting, meeting frozen blood and treating some gynecological disease.PurposeTo study affect of Zomoshin-6 tan deep vein thrombosis model formed in experimental animal.Material and Methods30 male rats of wistar bread with 180-220 gram of weight for control group, experimental group or Zomoshin-6 tan and comparative group Warfarin. Thirty rats were equally divided into 3 groups: Group 1 received saline alone, Group 2 received Zomoshin-6 (200 mg/kg), and Group 3 received Warfarin as a positive control (0.25 mg/kg), seven days prior to the assessment of thrombus formation. Thrombus formation was also assessed histopathologically. Thrombi were detected in all rats after experimentallyinduced thrombosis.ResultsHistological analysis demonstrated the presence of thrombosis in the interior vena cava (IVC) of the control group, which contained fibrin, erythrocytes, and leucocytes and obstructed the lumen. Only a small amount of fibrin clot, containing a few leucocytes and large numbers of erythrocytes, were observed in the Zomoshin-6-treated group. The thrombus formed in the IVC of Warfarin-treated animals consisted of fibrin clot, which was mostly attached to the wall, with few leucocytes but abundant erythrocytes. These findings suggest that Zomoshin-6 is an effective antithrombotic agent.Conclusion:Zomoshin-6 tan has an action of inhibing thrombosis forming of vein in experimental animal.
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IntroductionAH is one of the widest spread diseases, as well as the leading cause of mortality in Mongolia. Even though the AH is well studied throughout the world, with no significant results in health complications caused by AH in different organs and systems, there is a necessity to study the use of other methods in hypertension treatment, such as Mongolian traditional medicine for an adequate management of hypertension, in order to extend the choices of treatments by combining harmless natural multicompound drugs prepared by ancient mongolo-tibetian prescriptions with Chinese acupuncture and other therapy methods such as massage, bloodletting, cupping etc.GoalThe authors have analyzed 260 patient records of hypertension that have been treated only with MTM treatment methods in MONGEM MTM hospital, in order to define: 1) the classification of arterial hypertension according to theory of disease in MTM ;2) the classification of arterial hypertension according to theory of cold and hot in MTM;3) The results of MTM treatments on hypertension.Methods and MaterialsWe have conducted this study by document review and case study by analyzing 260 patient records of “MONGEM” traditional medicine hospital and research center.ResultsAccording to our study almost 80% of arterial hypertension cases start as a hot disease and change into cold disease. Our research results have also shown that 90% of hypertension can be classified into congested, interdependent state of disease and that treatment by MTM methods of combined disease with consideration of changes in hot and cold states is efficient for relieving arterial hypertension.ConclusionOur study has concluded that carefully diagnosed hypertension using MTM disease and disorder classification, and treated with accordingly chosen methods of MTM treatment such as multi-compound drugs, mild and rough techniques, nutrition and behavioral lifestyle changes combined with Chinese acupuncture, gives satisfactory results in healing arterial hypertension, thus providing safe, efficient, affordable and accessible treatment choices for people.
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To explore the characteristics of this Lonicera Altaica, the author and her colleagues have been involved in the isolation and structure elucidation on this plant. During the course of this work, we were studied the plant was using by X-ray fl uorescence method at the institute of Physics and Technology of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences (MAS). Based on the results of multiemelent analyses, it was evident that potassium (23227 ppm) was found mainly in the plant and Se (0.34 ppm) preferably in the straw. In this study, the fatty acid composition plant was investigated. The fatty acid profi le analysis of the oil was also carried out by Gas Liquid Chromatography. The oil has three main fatty acids: palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids, linoleic acid being the most abundant. The plant content of the oil showed that 97.75% is unsaturated. It`s high content of linoleic acid is of particular interest especially in the fi ght against antioxidant and atherosclerosis. From the result of the study it was determined the preparation has no toxicity. This preparation has an anti infl ammatory and diuretic activity comparing with the control group. In this study, the protective effect preparation from Lonicera Altaica on liver infl ammation and fi brosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) has been investigated in rats. Preparation from Lonicera Altaica signifi cantly suppressed CCI4-induced hepatic necrosis and infl ammation, as determined by the serum enzymatic activities of alanine and aspartate aminotransferase and serum alkaline phosphatase levels. In the histopathological study we carried out liver tissues from each rat were dissected; fi xed in 10 % neutralbuffered formalin. Microscopic examination was conducted on four m thick H. & E. stained sections from paraffi nembedded specimens. Treatment with preparation from Lonicera Altaica attenuated the necro-infl ammation and fi brogenesis in the CCI4-induced hepatic fi brosis, and thus it might be effective as a therapeutic anti-fi brotic agent.
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BACK ROUND , . Sindcr (Limonitcrrc) is a Sanskrit word and it means water weed. In the period of _ ... historical development of oral speech of Mongolians, sindura is changed to sindcr. Khunkheriin sindcr always grows in wet cave of spring. It has reddish-brown color and it exists in the form of solid, fluffy and crump. Mostly in segmentary deposit of cretaceous period. It has organic origin, alkaline environment hydrogens with calcium oxide and mineralized composition with quartz such as: CaCo,, Fe,0,, Al.O,, SiO,. Na:0. K;0. F,00 MnO and Cu, Sc, Be. Nb. Nd. Ni, Pr. Sb, Sm, Sr. Ta. Y. Yb. Zn and Zr. It is sticky mineral with more than 20 macro and micro elements. On the base of our study we put forward the hypothesis that treatment quality of khunkheriin sindcr depends on mineral combination which contains Ca, Fe, Al, K, Si, Mg, Mn, Zn. Cu and P and hydrogene with calcium oxide and quartz combination. We conclude that it is right if we prepare drug raw material by working out burning in high temperature roasting the sindcr. By pharmacological experiment of V.B.Prozrovski's method LD50=9.35(6.3-13.5) g/kg is determined harmless by K.K.Sidorov's (1987) classification. Prepared ointment of khunkheriin sindcr healed wound of burning on rabbit with in 17.S days and it supports growth of vessel in the bottom of the wound and accelerates proliferation of skin epithelial tissue.