Effect of Sewage on Physical and Chemical Properties of Soil in Unnao District (U.P.), India

This study was conducted during 2021-22 considering various vegetable growing farmers in Unnao District (U.P.), India to find out the effect of using sewage as the only source of irrigation to their crops. In this study, 250 surface soil samples collected from farmer’s field were analyzed for Physical as well as Chemical parameters. The physical properties of soils improved due to sewage application; Bulk density ranged from 1.04 to 1.42 Mg m-3 and particle density ranged between 2.61 to 2.88 Mg m-3 and Porosity ranged between 53.4 to 61.85 with mean of 56.87 percent. Chemical Parameters such as pH, E.C., O.C., Available N, P & K were also analyzed and the results indicated that soils had a mean normal pH of 7.2, E.C. of 0.76 dSm-1, O.C. of 56.80. Available nitrogen ranged from 565 – 1217 kg ha-1 with mean of 879.56 kg ha-1.The Phosphorus availability was found ranging from 14.40 – 33.5 kg ha-1 with a mean of 23.98 kg ha-1, while Potassium was found with a mean of 205.30 kg ha-1 in range of 174 – 235 kg ha-1.

Phenological and Metabolic Study of Mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern. & Coss.) as Affected by Sulphur and Zinc Levels

The Field experiment was carried out during rabi season of 2021-22 and 2022-23 at Students Instructional Farm, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur. The experiment consist of 14 treatments combinations in factorial randomized block design with three replications consisted of 7 fertility levels (including sulphur and zinc) and two varietal factors (i.e. Rohini & Maya). Mustard varieties Rohini & Maya were grown with the recommended agronomic practices. On the basis of results emanated from investigation it can be concluded that among the metabolic studies the maximum chlorophyll content at pre and post anthesis are 46.70 and 48.88 SPAD were recorded in the treatment T14 [Var. Maya with Sulphur @900 ppm] during the first year (2021-22). Maximum rate of photosynthesis at pre and post anthesis are 25.97 and 33.29 µmole m-2/ s-1 respectively, during 1st years of experimentation were associated with the treatment T14 [Var. Maya with Sulphur @900 ppm]. Similarly during 2nd year of experimentation the maximum pre and post anthesis chlorophyll content (47.27 and 49.45 SPAD) and pre and post anthesis rate of photosynthesis (26.32 and 34.50 µmole m-2/ s-1) was found in the treatment T14 [Var. Maya with Sulphur @900 ppm]. Along with this, among the phenological studies minimum number of days taken to anthesis, number of days taken to 50 % flowering and number of days taken to maturity, was also found in the treatment T14 [Var. Maya with Sulphur @900 ppm].

Parvovirus B19 infection in a patient of juvenile arthritis: A case report

Parvovirus B19 infection, or fifth disease or erythema infectiosum, is a self-limiting viral exanthem and can occur along with other connective tissue disorders. Occasionally, children may have preceding chronic joint complaints suggestive of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. A 7-year-old female patient presented to the outpatient department with a rash over her face, upper and lower limbs, and trunk, which was preceded by fever. The patient is a known case of juvenile arthritis. On examination, there were multiple erythematous and skin-colored plaques over cheeks; few pustules over lips; multiple erythematous papules over upper limbs, lower limbs, and trunk; multiple erythematous macules over palms; and swelling over interphalangeal joints of bilateral hands, elbow and knee joints with genu valgum deformity of limbs. The patient was given topical antibiotic and steroid combination cream and oral antihistaminic for her cutaneous complaints.

Oral Sucrose for Pain in Neonates During Echocardiography: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objectives: To test the efficacy of oral sucrose in reducing pain/ stress during echocardiography as estimated by Premature Infant Pain Profile score. Design: Double-blind, parallel-group, randomized control trial. Setting: Tertiary-care neonatal care unit located in Western India. Participants: Neonates with established enteral feeding, not on any respiratory support and with gestational age between 32 and 42 weeks requiring echocardiography. Interventions: Neonates in intervention group received oral sucrose prior to echocardiography. Main outcome measures: Assessment was done using Premature Infant Pain Profile score. Results: There were 104 examinations; 52 in each group. Baseline characteristics like mean gestational age (37.6 vs. 37.1), birth weight (2.20 vs. 2.08), and feeding status (Breastfeeding- 59.6% vs. 44.2%, paladai feeding- 13.5% vs. 13.5%, and gavage feeding- 26.9% vs. 42.3%) were comparable. The mean (SD) premature infant pain profile score was significantly higher in control group [(7.4 (3.78) vs. 5.2 (1.92), P <0.001]. Conclusion: Oral sucrose significantly reduces pain, and is safe to administer to neonates.

A simple ear splint for microtia patients.

Microtia is a congenital anomaly of the ear can occur as an isolated birth defect or as part of a spectrum of anomalies or as a syndrome. Microtia is often associated with impaired hearing and or total loss of hearing. Such patients typically require treatment for surgical ear reconstruction and for hearing impairment. Maintenance of ear projection and post auricular sulcus in staged ear reconstruction in microtia is a trying problem. So also is the maintenance of the patency of the external auditory meatus following recanalization and meatoplasty.This case report describes a simple effective way of fabrication of ear splint prosthesis.

assessment of cytokines in quantiferon supernatants for the diagnosis of latent tb infection in a tribal population of Melghat, India

The tuberculin skin test [TST] and interferon-gamma release assays [IGRA], namely, the QuantiFERON-TB Gold test [QFT], remain the standard immuno-logical diagnostic tools for latent tuberculosis [TB] infection [LTBI]. However, the sub-optimal detection rates of both of these tests are major impediments in recognizing the population at risk. This study was aimed at evaluating additional cytokines besides interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma] as biomarkers for improving LTBI diagnosis in the tribal population of Melghat, India. Seventy-four close TB contacts were stratified by QFT and TST results into: [i] QFT+/TST+ [n = 26], [ii] QFT+/TST- [n = 12], [iii] QFT-/TST- [n = 35] and [iv] QFT-/TST+ [n = 1] groups. A panel of cytokines [IL-6, IL-10, TNF-alpha and IL-2R] was then evaluated in antigen-stimulated QFT cell-free culture supernatants using IMMULITE-1000, an automated immunoassay analyzer. Cytokine estimation showed significantly higher levels of IL-6 in the QFT+/TST+ group, while significantly higher levels of IL-10 were found in the QFT-/TST- group. Correlation analysis identified a positive correlation between IL-6 and the QFT response [r = 0.6723, P< 0.0001], while a negative correlation was seen between QFT and IL-10 expression [r=-0.3271, P = 0.0044]. Similarly, IL-6 was positively correlated with TST levels [r = 0.6631, P< 0.0001], and conversely, a negative correlation was found between TST and IL-10 expression [r=-0.5698, P<0.0001]. The positive and negative predictive values of IL-6 were found to be 92.59 and 93.33%, respectively, and the positive and negative predictive values of IL-10 were 96.55 and 91.18%, respectively. No significant impact of the demographic characteristics on cytokine positivity was observed. Our preliminary results suggest that the evaluation of additional cytokines in QFT cell-free culture supernatants may be valuable for the identification of LTBI. Combining IL-6 and IL-10 with QFT and/or TST could markedly improve the detection accuracy of LTBI. Our observations require investigation in larger well-characterized cohorts along with follow-up studies to further confirm the study outcome

Rspo1 promotes osteoblast differentiation via Wnt signaling pathway.

R-spondin (Rspo)s proteins are a new group of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling agonists. These signaling molecules are known to be involved in the developmental stages of skeletal system. Recent studies in various murine osteoblast models have proposed that Rspo1 may interact with Wnt signaling pathway to induce differentiation in osteoblasts. Though findings in murine osteoblasts implicate a synergestic role of Rspo1 with Wnt signaling, still no study has addressed the similar role in more clinically applicable osteoblast models i.e., human cell lines or primary cells. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the possible role of Rspo1 during differentiation process of human in vitro osteoblast cell models like primary osteoblasts or human osteoprogenitor cell line hFOB1.19 along with murine preosteoblast cell line MC3T3 E-1. Our results showed increase in Rspo1 at transcript level during differentiating phase of human primary osteoblasts and human FOB1.19 cells. We also found that Rspo1 (100 ng/mL) acts additively with Wnt3a to activate Wnt signaling, as confirmed by luciferase activity after transfection of TOPFLASH construct to hFOB1.19 cells. Similar additive role of Rspo1 and Wnt3a was apparent in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity analysis of human primary cells. Moreover, a reduction in ALP activity was observed with knock-down of Rspo1 by transfected shRNA in hFOB1.19 cells. These results suggested the possibility of autocrine regulation by Rspo1 on the osteogenic activities in human in vitro osteoblast models. Furthermore, these results were corroborated in MC3T3-E1, murine osteoblast cell model. Osteoblastic differentiation was induced by transfection of Rspo1 which was confirmed by increased ALP staining and qRT-PCR analysis of osteogenic markers, such as Runx2 and osteocalcin. In conclusion, present study highlights the role of Rspo1 in bone remodeling where it activates Wnt signaling to induce differentiation, as shown in human as well murine in vitro osteoblast cell models.

Affection of Wnt/beta-catenin in Titanium Particles Challenged Osteoblasts / 대한정형외과연구학회지

PURPOSE: The intracellular mechanisms that lead to periprosthetic osteolysis including impaired bone forming activity of osteoblast remain incompletely characterized. To determine the possibility that Ti-particles play a role to regulate Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway in impaired osteogenesis, we analyzed the stability of beta-catenin and the transcriptional changes of regulators for Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway in MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ti-particles were prepared by sterilizing and counted on the microscopy. Transcriptional changes of OPG, RANKL, LRP5, LRP6, DKK1 and sFRP2 were determined by real-time RTPCR. Protein level of beta-catenin and GSK3beta was detected using Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS: After 4 hours of treatment of Ti-particles, OPG/RANKL mRNA ratio was significantly decreased. And also, decreased protein levels of beta-catenin and phospho-GSK3beta were detected. Using immunofluorescence stain, it was confirmed that Ti-particles suppressed nucleus staining of beta-catenin induced by Wnt3a conditioned medium. The results of real-time RT-PCR showed reduced level of LRP5 and LRP6 transcripts, and induced level of DKK1 and sFRP2 transcripts by challenging of Ti-particles CONCLUSION: Our report suggests that Ti-particles may play a crucial role in the regulation of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway in osteoblast through the transcriptional changes of membrane receptors and extracellular inhibitors for Wnt.

A ruptured retinal arterial macroaneurysm presenting as subhyaloid haemorrhage.

We report a case of ruptured retinal arterial macroaneurysm with overlying subhyaloid haemorrhage. Both subhyaloid haemorrhage and subsequently the macroaneurysm was treated with argon laser photocoagulation.