ABSTRACT
To determine the prevalence spectrum of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis in biomaterial infections. Experimental and observational study. This study was conducted in the department of Microbiology, Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, during the period of January 2010 to Dec. 2010. A total of 300 subjects of all ages and sex were included. Swab from cannulae tips, catheters tips, old cannulae infected wounds, injection abscess were collected from Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, National Institute of Child Health and Civil Hospital, Karachi and processed according to standard laboratory methods. A total 103 methicillin resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis, causing biomaterial related infection, isolated from 300 patients were analyzed. Bacterial pathogens were commonly isolated from patients of all ages who developed biomaterial related infections. Patients suffering from infections related with biomaterial should be monitored for MRSE at regular intervals
ABSTRACT
To assess bacteriological spectrum, of isolates from cases of nosocomial infections in pediatric ICU. subjective study that was carried out from November 2009 to September 2010, on two hundred samples which were taken from patients in pediatric ICU, tertiary care hospital who were clinically suspected of having nosocomial infection and processed for the diagnosis and isolation of the infective organisms in the Department of Microbiology, Basic Medical Sciences Institute [BMSI], Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre [JPMC], Total 200 samples were collected. Out of these 143 samples showed positive results. 138 were of bacterial growth while 5 samples were positive for fungus. Among these 61 were positive for septicemia, 44 positive for UTI and 17 samples were positive for respiratory tract related disease, while 21 positive for miscellaneous samples. This study presents a general overview of nosocomial pathogens in Pediatric ICUS and emphasizes the importance of timely clinical and bacteriological monitoring among children especially in patients in critically ill situation
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Tertiary Care CentersABSTRACT
The objective of the study was to identify the species of enterobacteriaceae from the post operative patients and their susceptibility pattern. Rising antibiotic resistance rates among bacterial pathogens has resulted in increased morbidity and mortality. In Pakistan lack of infection control practice and non-existence of formal antibiotics policies has further augmented this problem. 200 postoperative wounds swabs were taken from different surgical and gynaeccolgy/obstetric wards of hospitals, specimens were then inoculated on Blood agar and MacConkey agar medium. The Enterobacteriaceac were identified by using battery of tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method as per CLSI. E. coli isolates showed 100% resistance to ampicillin, while imepenem showed 94.3% sensitivity. Klebsiella species were found 100% resistant to ampicillin and 96.8% sensitive to imepenem. Enterobacteriaceae isolates show nearly the same type of multi-drug resistance even though some species showed 100% resistance to some antibiotics
Subject(s)
Humans , Enterobacteriaceae/drug effects , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Surgical Wound Infection , Postoperative ComplicationsABSTRACT
The smooth muscle of gastrointestinal tract undergoes almost continuous but slow electrical activity. This activity tends to have two basic types of electrical waves. Slow electrical waves are generated in the longitudinal muscle layer of small intestine and are not found in the circular muscle in the absence of longitudinal muscle. The other waves are peristaltic waves which are a reflex response. The purpose of the study was to deal with the mechanism of action involved in determining the therapeutic potential ofPGF2a and its antagonist in gastrointestinal motility. Rabbits of equal weights were brought from the animal house of BMSI and sacrificed in the Pharmacology Research laboratory. Ileum strips were isolated and with a special recommended methodology, longitudinal and circular muscles were separated. Individual muscle strips were then exposed separately to the desired drugs in the organ bath and readings were recorded on the polygraph machine. The study was performed at Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi from 1996 to 1998. PGF[2]alpha decreases the contractile effects of longitudinal muscles whether applied before or after the antagonist whereas in circular muscle it increases the amplitude of contraction. Indome-thacin antagonizes the effects of PGF[2]alpha in both longitudinal and circular muscle. Secondly when indomethacin applied directly it causes reduction in the amplitude of contraction in longitudinal muscle and increase in the force of contraction in circular muscle. Prostaglandin has a definite role on the smooth muscle ofileum; hence can be used in the regulation of intestinal motility. New drugs as an analogue or as an antagonist can be developed on the basis of these results
ABSTRACT
The present study was performed to evaluate the patients suffered from pesticide poisoning during four years [1999-2002]. The study conducted at National Poison Control Center, Karachi. The patients were categorized according to the severity of poisoning ranges from mild, moderate to severe and designated as A, B and C. Laboratory tests included blood complete picture, serum urea, creatinine, electrolyte and serum cholinesterase. S. Cholinesterase was checked on zero day of admission, repeated after 24 hrs., 3rd day, 5th day and 7th day. The results revealed that 44.97% had S. Cholinesterase level below the normal value, 33.21% landed within threshold range while 13.10% had their value above 10000 IU/ml. Other parameters showed altered haemoglobin, WBC count and S. Electrolytes. We suggest that the need of the day in developing countries is to educate the people, launch programs to change their attitude, train them regarding the safety profiles of pesticide use and implementation of law in true sense