HIV-Plasmodium Co-infection: Malaria in AIDS patients

Malaria and HIV are amongst the two main diseases worldwide and creating troubles of our time. Together, they grounds extra than four million deaths a year. Malaria causes around about for more than a million deaths each year, of which over 80-90% come about in tropical Africa, somewhere malaria is the primary source of mortality in children below six years of age. Sideways as of adolescent, children, pregnant women are surrounded by the largest part exaggerated by the disease. In the wide geographical extend beyond in event and the follow-on co-infection; the interface flanked as a result of the two diseases visibly has foremost communal strength results. Thus both are dangerous for health at the same time

Role of transvaginal ultrasound in cervical length changes during normal pregnancy

The objectives of this study was to examine the relationship between cervical length and gestational age in normal pregnancy in nulliparous versus parous women. We studied a cross-sectional sample of 321 pregnant women, including 185 nulliparous and 136 multiparous women. The inclusion criteria were sonographic confirmation of gestational age within the 12th week, the absence of any risk factors for preterm birth, and uncomplicated pregnancy with expected delivery during the 38th to 42nd weeks. Cervical length was measured in a straight line if the cervix did not show any curvature; in the presence of cervical curvature, the measurement was broken down into 2 or more segments. It was found that there was a relationship between gestational age and cervical length, which could be described with a linear function [R = 0.92; R2 = 0.85; P<001]. Moreover, there was no statistically significant difference between multiparous and nulliparous women. Our study shows that cervical length is comparable in nulliparous and multiparous women throughout pregnancy. In both groups, it actually shows a progressive, linear reduction between the 10th and 40th weeks. Reference ranges constructed for the whole gestational period might be more useful than a single cut off value for more efficient prevention and management of preterm birth

Corpora amylacea in human cadaveric brain age related differences

The present study was designed to investigate the age related deposits of corpora amylacea [CA] in the human cadaveric brain. It is an observational study which was conducted in the Department of Anatomy, University of Health Sciences, Lahore. The duration of the study was two years. Sixty brain specimens [age 19-72 years] from cadavers were collected from the mortuary of the King Edward Medical University, Lahore and were divided into two groups, A and B comprising less than and more than sixty years of age respectively. CA were observed in memory related areas of the brain specially in frontal lobe and hippocampus. The presence and location of CA in two groups were compared with each other. Statistical analysis was carried out, using Chi Square test. The results showed significant increase in the presence of CA in frontal lobe and hippocampus with advancing age and the difference was statistically significance in these locations [p < 0.00005 and p < 0.0001] respectively. The presence and number of CA is age related; it is contended that it interferes with the function of neurons and presumably affects the memory