ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate Vitamin D in Pulmonary tuberculosis and normal healthy adults
Study design: Case control study
Place and duration: Department of Medicine, Isra University Hospital Hyderabad, from January 2013- June 2014
Subjects and methods: A sample of 209 diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients was selected through non-probability purposive sampling according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. After taking informed written consent from the participants, Vitamin D was measured by ARCHITECT I 1000 system for estimation of 25-OH- D[3]. The data was recorded on a pre-structured proforma, and analyzed on SPSS version 21.0. The significant p-value was taken at
Results: The mean +/-S.D serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D[3] in cases and controls were 27.1+/-9.7 and 36.8+/-8.1 [ngdl[-1]] respectively [p=0.0001].The 25-hydroxyvitamin D[3] levels as low as 6 ng/dl were observed in pulmonary tuberculosis subjects. The normal, insufficiency and deficiency of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 were observed in 37[33%], 16 [14.2%] and 59 [52.6%] in cases respectively compared to controls as 57 [58.7%], 21[21.6%] and 19 [19.5%] respectively
Conclusion: Patients with pulmonary tuberculosis are significantly Vitamin D deficient. Vitamin D supplements may be prescribed, however further studies are warranted
ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine malondialdehyde, blood lipids and anti oxidants in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients
Study design: Observational, comparative study
Place and duration: Department of Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Hospital from February 2013- May 2014
Subjects and methods: 97 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics and 50 healthy controls were selected through non-probability purposive sampling according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Blood samples were collected after 8-12 hours of fasting. Fasting blood glucose level, lipid and lipoprotein levels were measured by Cobas e411 analyzer. Malondialdehyde [MDA], Superoxide dismutase [SOD] and Glutathione peroxidase [GPX] were measured by Diagnostics kit. Zinc and ascorbic acid were measured by using Centronic GmbH-Germany Kit. Albumin, bilirubin, and uric acid were measured on Hitachi Chemistry analyzer. Data was analyzed on SPSS version 21.0. The significant p-value was taken at
Results: MDA, blood lipids and anti oxidant mechanisms showed significant differences between diabetics and healthy controls. Total blood lipids and lipid sub fractions were elevated in diabetics compared to controls. MDA was raised 5.16+/-0.91 vs. 2.16+/-0.62 micro mol/l in diabetics and controls respectively [p=0.0001]. The SOD, GPX, Ascorbic acid, Zinc, albumin, uric acid and bilirubin were reduced in diabetics [p<0.001]
Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus is characterized by free radical formation, lipid peroxidation, altered blood lipids and reduced anti oxidant mechanisms. An increase in malondialdehyde and reduction of antioxidant mechanisms may contribute to secondary complications
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To determine frequency of Vitamin B12 deficiency in subjects with anemia and elevated mean corpuscular volume
STUDY DESIGN: Cross sectional study
PLACE AND DURATION: Department of Medicine, Liaquat University and Isra University Hospital Hyderabad from January 2011 to August 2013
METHODOLOGY: A sample of 113 subjects was selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Serum vitamin B12 deficiency was defined as per standard criteria. Blood samples were analyzed on Sysmex KX 21 hematology analyzer. Continous variables were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey-Cramer test while categorical variables by Chi-square test
The association between variables was analyzed by Pearson`s correlation. A p-value of
RESULTS: Of 113 subjects, 37 [32.7%] were male and 76 [67.2%] female, mean+/-SD age was 34.48+/-6.71 years and 89.3% [n=101] were anemic. Mean hemoglobin, hematocrit and RBC counts were found as 11.3 g/dl, 33.1% and 3.0 million/µL respectively. Of total 113 subjects, vitamin B[12] deficiency was noted in 65 [57.5%]; further subdivided as borderline and definitive deficiency in 19.4% and 37.9% respectively. Mean corpuscular volume as high as 139 fl and vitamin B[12] levels as low as <30pg/ml were found. Pancytopenia was noted in 11 [9.7%] with severe vitamin B[12] deficiency [<100pg/ml]. Significant negative correlation was found between vitamin B[12] and mean corpuscular volume [r=-0.79, p=0.0001]. Peripheral blood film revealed anisocytosis, poikilocytosis, megaloblasts and hypersegmented neutrophils
CONCLUSION: Vitamin B12 deficiency is prevailing and is a major contributing factor of megaloblastic anemia
ABSTRACT
The aim of present study was to evaluate glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus [DM] subjects and its association with the duration of diabetes and glycosylated Hemoglobin A1 [HbA1c]. A descriptive study, comprising of 571 diagnosed cases of type 2 DM were studied at the Diabetic clinic of Isra University/ consultant private clinics over a year period. Diabetic subjects were divided as; controlled diabetics [Group I. HbA1c 7%]. The data was recorded on a proforma. Blood glucose was measured by glucose oxidase method and HbA1c on automated clinical chemistry analyzer. The student`s t-test and chi-square were used for the quantitative and qualitative data respectively. Spearman`s correlations was used for a linear correlation of HbA1c with the duration of DM and random blood sugar [RBS]. The data was analyzed on SPSS version 16.0 for windows. P-value at /= 7% [Group II]. The HbA1c values as high as >/= 13.1% was noted in 73 [12.7%]. A highly significant difference was observed in HbA1c [p=0.0001] between groups. Significant correlation of HbA1c was found with duration of DM [r=0.65, p=0.0001] but not with the RBS [r=0.038, p=0.36] We report poor glycemic control as indicated by glycosylated Hb A in type 2 diabetics. Public campaigns be attempted on regular basis to make diabetics aware of glycemic control
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Blood Glucose/analysis , Glycated Hemoglobin , Hyperglycemia/prevention & control , Chi-Square Distribution , Statistics, NonparametricABSTRACT
To determine the frequency of gall bladder carcinoma in patients undergoing surgery for cholelithiasis at Isra University Hospital, Hyderabad, Singh- Pakistan. This was a descriptive study, conducted from April 2006 to March 2008 at Isra University Hospital Hyderabad, Pakistan. This study included 200 cases of cholelithiasis who underwent cholecystectomy at out Hospital. Patients belonged to both sexes having cholelithiasis, diagnosed on the basis of clinical grounds and supported by ultrasonography. A uniform procedure of history taking, physical examination, investigations and treatment was adopted for all the patients, and data were recorded on the pre-designed proforma. Of 200 cases that were operated for gall bladder stone disease, eight were found to have carcinoma of gall bladder i.e. frequency was 4%. The age ranged from 35 to 70 years, with mean 50[ +/- 5.3] in females and 56[ +/- 2] in males. Male to female ratio was 1:3. On ultrasound, only three [37.50%] patients with advanced disease had a pre-operative clue of carcinoma. The frequency of gall bladder carcinoma in our population seems much higher than Western populations. Females are more affected than males by this problem. Ultrasonography can miss malignant lesions; therefore every gall bladder specimen should be subjected to histopathology. While in unsuspected cases undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy, gentle handling of the gall bladder is critical to avoid port site implantation caused by spillage of bile