Anemia in Kassala area Eastern Sudan

The objective of this study was to determine the types and the ways of diagnosis of anemia at Kassala region, Sudan. In this study we examined and investigate 210 patients with anemia. Full blood cell count including peripheral picture, blood film for malaria, urine analysis and stool examination were done for every patient. Bone marrow aspiration was done for patients with splenomegaly with or without pancytopenia and or presence of immature cells in the peripheral blood. Serum iron and serum ferritin, for confirmation of iron deficiency were measured in some patients. Out of all patients, 45[21%] had chronic illness, 42[20%] had history of repeated attacks of malaria and 3[18%] patients had nutritional anemia. Sixty three [30%] patients presented with severe anemia, 32[15%] with mild anemia and 115[55%] with moderate anemia. Eighty patients presented with enlarge spleen. 26 [33%] out of the latter group had features of hypersplenism. Common causes of anemia in this area were chronic illness, followed by nutritional and repeated malaria infection. Splenomegaly and hypersplenism are common. We recommended that full blood count, peripheral blood picture and estimation of serum iron and serum ferritin should be performed for every anaemic patient. Blood film for malaria should be done for every anaemic patient and negative films should be repeated by immunochromatography test for plasmodium falciparum and vivax

Serum levels of vitamin A and E in children in the Gezira State-Central Sudan

In a nutritional survey carried out on children in Gezira, Central Sudan, blood samples were taken from 80, randomly selected school children [43 males and 37 females] aged between 8 and 15 years. Twenty five males and 27 females were from central Sudan region and 18 males and 10 females were from Western Sudan origin. Specimens were separated by centrifugation at 3000 rpm and sera were sent frozen at minus 20 Celsius to Leeds General Infirmary. United Kingdom. All sera were tested for HIV and proved to be negative. Applying chromatographic methods, the levels of vitamin A and E were detected. With vitamin A normal range between 20-50 microgram/100 ml, deficiency of vitamin a was found in 40.0% of children of central Sudan region. Deficiency among children from Western Sudan origin was 46.0% with mean + S.D.5+ 14 and 4+ 13 microgram/ 100 mL respectively. Vitamin E was measured in 86 children [48 males and 38 females]. Normal range is 3.3-5.0 mg/ 100 mL. Deficiency of vitamin E was found in 9.3% of all children. It is more among children of central Sudan ethnicity

Serum levels of folate, vitamin B12, iron [ferritin] in children in the Gezira State - Central Sudan

In a nutritional study carried out on school children in Gezira, Central Sudan. We took blood samples from 92 randomly selected school children [50 males and 42 females] aged between 8> and 15 years. Specimens were separated by centrifugation at 3000 r/m.and sera were sent frozen at minus 20 Celsius to Leeds General Infirmary, United Kingdom. All specimens were tested for HIV and proved to negative. Over there levels of folate, vitamin B12, applying radioimmunoassay method, were measured. All children did not show vitamin B12 deficiency. Folate deficiency was found in 5.6% of children. Serum ferritin was also measured by a radioactive isotope technique in 89 children [49 males and 40 females]. The deficiency was reported in 11.2%. This study relied on laboratory findings explain nutritional deficiency in Gezira children. Some recommendations were presented to correct these health problems

Types of haemoglobin in patients attending Khartoum Teaching Hospital - Sudan

Abnormal haemoglobins lead to significant morbidity and mortality. This is a prospective study, evaluating types of haemoglobin and haematological parameters in blood samples of 631 Sudanese patients. Participants were patients who attended different departments in Khartoum Teaching Hospital in the period from March 2005 through July 2005. Electrophoresis was used to determine the type of haemoglobin. 585 cases have normal haemoglobin [Hb A]. Mean red cell indices were: Hbl 1.5 g/dl, PCV 34.9%, MCV 85.4 fl, MCH 32.1pg, MCHC 33.2 g/dl, RDW 37 fl and WBC 7013 /cm3. 46 [7.3%] patients had abnormal Hb. The frequency of Hb types were AA: 92.7%, AS: 4.9%, SS: 0.8%, AC: 0.5% and AF: 0.5%.The presence of abnormal haemoglobin such as haemoglobin S is not unexpected because we live in the centre of an affected area. The study showed low haematological parameters due to various causes including poor nutrition as well as infections and haemolytic processes

Effect of non-antibiotic penicillin derivatives on intestine and serum lipids in lead intoxicated rats

Seventy-seven male albino rats were toxicated with lead for two months. Two non-antibiotic penicillin derivatives were prepared as a trial to use them to detoxicate lead toxicity. The body weight of all animal groups under investigation increased, except orally administrated lead. At the end of the experimental periods, rats were killed and their blood was collected, serum was separated and small intestine was removed. The mean lead level in small intestine and serum increased when compared to control, but the prepared compounds succeeded to decrease these results. Compound II showed better results than compound I when it succeeded to decrease the concentration of lead. Total lipids, cholesterol, phospholipids, triglycerides and free fatty acids decreased in small intestine, whereas, they increased in serum. The prepared compounds succeeded in decreasing or increasing the values of the parameter investigated to reach nearly the values of control group. The gas liquid chromatographic analysis was used to investigate the individual free fatty acids of lead intoxicated rats

Effect of dietary-turmeric on ammonia metabolism.

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a control diet or the control diet supplemented with 1% turmeric for 10 weeks. Changes in ammonia and urea were investigated as potential marker products of free radical damage to protein and subsequent metabolism of those damaged proteins in vivo. The data suggested that the concentrations of ammonia and urea, major by- products of nitrogen metabolism are unchanged by the oxidant damage and lipid peroxidation and that their control in vivo is a dynamic equilibrium of various metabolic pathways