The role of ineffective esophageal motility in non-erosive reflux disease and its correlation with acid exposure / 中华消化杂志

Objective:To investigate the role of ineffective esophageal motility (IEM) in the diagnosis of non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) and its relationship with acid exposure.Methods:From March 2013 to May 2019, in First Hospital Affiliated to Jilin University, patients who underwent gastroendoscopy exam, esophageal high-resolution manometry (HRM), 24-h pH monitoring and had gastroesophageal reflux symptoms, and without mucosal or structural abnormal changes under gastroendoscopy were retrospectively selected. Based on Rome Ⅳ criteria, the patients were reevaluated and the diagnostic types were NERD, reflux hypersensitivity (RH) and functional heartburn (FH). The changes of esophageal HRM metrics and acid reflux-related parameters of patients with IEM were analyzed and compared. Independent sample t-test, nonparametric test and chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Results:The data of 228 patients were collected. Thirty-seven cases with esophageal gastric junction (EGJ) outflow obstruction and severe esophageal motility disorder (8 cases of achalasia, 9 cases of EGJ outflow obstruction, 4 cases of distal esophageal spasm, 14 cases of absent contractility and 2 cases of hypercontractile esophagus) and fifty-three cases with endoscopic reflux esophagitis under endoscopy (20 cases of Los Angeles grade A, 15 cases of grade B, 13 cases of grade C, and 5 cases of grade D) were excluded. In the end 138 patients were enrolled, including 60 males and 78 females, with a mean age of (50.1±14.1) years, including 36 cases of NERD, 44 cases of RH and 58 cases of FH. According to esophageal HRM Chicago classification standard, 138 patients with gastroesophageal reflux symptoms were divided into IEM group (46 cases, including 15 cases of NERD, 12 cases of RH, and 19 cases of FH) and normal manometry group (92 cases, including 21 cases of NERD, 32 cases of RH, and 39 cases of FH). There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of patients diagnosed as NERD, RH and FH between the two groups ( P> 0.05). The length of lower esophageal sphincter (LES) (2.70 cm, 2.40 to 3.00 cm vs. 3.00 cm, 2.70 to 3.20 cm), the average value of LES resting breathing pressure (16.55 mmHg, 7.98 to 22.95 mmHg vs. 19.10 mmHg, 14.15 to 25.68 mmHg, 1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), the distal contractile integral (DCI)(417.90 mmHg·s·cm, 279.08 to 584.45 mmHg·s·cm vs. 1 429.40 mmHg·s·cm , 994.38 to 1 852.80 mmHg·s·cm) and EGJ contractile integral (37.86 mmHg·cm, 26.97 to 46.78 mmHg·cm vs. 45.19 mmHg·cm, 35.39 to 58.20 mmHg·cm) of IEM group were all lower than those of normal manometry group, ( Z=3.33, 2.09, 8.09, and 2.90, all P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in LES resting pressure at the end of the breath, 4 s-intergrated reloxation pressure, distal latency, upper esophageal sphincter (UES) resting pressure (UESP), UES residual pressure, UES baseline relaxation time, UES recovery time, EGJ type, acid reflux related parameters (total acid exposure time (AET), AET in upright position, AET in supine position, and Demeester score) between the two groups (all P>0.05). The 36 NERD patients were divided into IEM group (15 cases) and normal manometry group (21 cases). The distal contractile integral was lower in IEM group than that in normal manometry group (401.10 mmHg·s·cm, 276.60 to 555.60 mmHg·s·cm vs. 1 135.00 mmHg·s·cm, 903.20 to 1 537.65 mmHg·s·cm), the difference was statistically significant ( Z=3.93, P<0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in EGJ type, other HRM parameters or acid reflux-related parameters between IEM group and normal manometry group (all P>0.05). Conclusions:IEM is not related with the diagnosis of NERD. In patients with gastroscopy-negative gastroesophageal reflux symptoms or NERD with IEM, except for weakened peristaltic function, the EGJ morphological evaluation of the anti-reflux barrier function has nothing to do with IEM. In NERD patients, the relationship between IEM and acid exposure needs further study.

Application and progress of the concept of enhanced recovery after surgery in reducing surgical stress response in gastric cancer / 国际肿瘤学杂志

With the further development of the concept and path of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) and the confirmation of its effectiveness and feasibility in relevant studies, it has been more widely used in clinical practice. In recent years, studies have shown that ERAS is gradually applied in gastrointestinal surgery. By optimizing the diagnosis and treatment program, including preoperative preparation, anesthesia scheme, surgical procedure and postoperative rehabilitation, etc., in the perioperative period of gastric cancer, ERAS can improve the clinical diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer patients to a certain extent, reduce the operation risk, and play an important role in reducing the postoperative stress reaction. ERAS has attracted great attention in order to accelerate the recovery of gastric cancer after surgery.

Maspin in tumor formation and progression / 医学研究生学报

Maspin gene is a tumor suppressor that encodes serine protease inhibitor. It was found that maspin could induce apoptosis, inhibit the invasion and metastasis of tumor cells, and suppress angiogenesis. In recent years, maspin has also been found to be associated with host immunity. The review is to summarize structure distribution, tumor inhibition mechanism and immunological correlation of maspin.

Cyberknife stereotactic body radiotherapy for liver metastases from prostate cancer / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the effectiveness and adverse effects of Cyberknife stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) on liver metastases from PCa.@*METHODS@#From June 2009 to September 2016, we treated 20 cases of PCa liver metastases by Cyberknife SBRT, at a total dose of 36 (30－50) Gy, on 1－3 liver metastatic lesions, for 3－5 times, with a prescription isodose line of 70－92%. We assessed the therapeutic effect according to the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST), calculated the survival and disease-control rates using the Kaplan-Meier method, and analyzed the adverse events based on the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events－Version 4.0 (CTCAE 4.0).@*RESULTS@#Of all the cases treated, complete response (CR) was found in 8 (40.0%), partial response (PR) in 9 (45.0%), stable disease (SD) in 2 (10.0%), and progressive disease (PD) in 1 (5.0%), with a local control rate (CR+PR) of 85.0% and a disease-control rate (CR+PR+SD) of 95.0%. Among the 14 patients with elevated PSA, 10 (71.4%) showed a significant decrease after treatment. The median follow-up time was 17 months, the 1- and 2-year survival rates were 85.0% and 15.0%, respectively, and the median survival time of the 20 patients was 16.5 months (95% CI: 12.12－22.88). Cyberknife SBRT was well tolerated in all the patients, with only a few mild adverse events (mainly grades 1 and 2 but no 4 and 5) during the whole course of treatment.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Cyberknife SBRT is safe and effective in the treatment of PCa liver metastases, with a high local control rate, and capable of reducing the PSA level and raising the long-term survival rate of the patients.

Using corneal topography design personalized cataract surgery programs / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To investigate how to design personalized cataract surgery programs to achieve surgical correction of preoperative corneal astigmatism with surgical astigmatism under the guidance of corneal topography, improve postoperative visual quality and reduce the cost of treatment. METHODS: Totally 202 cases ( 226 eyes ) cataract patients were divided into randomized treatment group and individualized treatment group. According to the method and location of the incision, randomized treatment group were divided into 8 groups. Surgical astigmatism after different incision were calculated with the use of preoperative and postoperative corneal astigmatism through vector analysis method. Individualized treatment groups were designed personably for surgical method with reference of every surgically induced astigmatism, the surgical method chooses the type of surgical incision based on close link between preoperative corneal astigmatism and surgically induced astigmatism, and the incision was located in the steep meridian. The postoperative corneal astigmatism of individualized treatment group was observed. RESULTS: Postoperative corneal astigmatism of individualized treatment group were lower than that of 3.0mm clear corneal tunnel incision in the randomized treatment group, there were statistically significance difference, while with 3. 0mm sclera tunnel incision group there were no statistically significance difference. After 55. 8% of patients with the use of individualized surgical plan could undergo the operation of extracapsular cataract extraction with relatively low cost and rigid intraocular lens implantation, the per capita cost of treatment could be reduced. CONCLUSION: Personalized cataract surgery programs are designed to achieve surgical correction of preoperative corneal astigmatism under the use of corneal topography, improve postoperative visual quality and reduce the cost of treatment.

Influences of the interferon induced transmembrane protein 1 on the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of the colorectal cancer SW480 cell lines / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 1 (IFITM1) has been identified as a molecular marker of the colorectal tumors; however its influences on the biological behaviors of the colorectal cancer cells are currently unknown. We aimed to study the influences of IFITM1 on the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of the colorectal cancer SW480 cell lines.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We constructed IFITM1/pEGFP-C3 recombinant plasmids and transfected them into the colorectal cancer SW480 cell lines. IFITM1/pEGFP-C3 recombinant plasmids were identified by means of immunofluorescence, laser confocal scanning microscopy, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. IFITM1/SW480 cells with stable over-expression of IFITM1 were confirmed by G418 screening. The influences of IFITM1 on the proliferation of the SW480 cell lines were investigated by MTT assay and tumor transplantation experiments in nude mice. Cell invasion experiments were performed to determine the invasion capacity of the IFITM1/SW480 cells. Matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 activities were detected by the gelatin zymographic analysis, and MMP-9 expression by the Western blotting analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>IFITM1/pEGFP-C3 recombinant plasmids were successfully constructed in this study, and the IFITM1/SW480 cells with stable IFITM1 gene over-expression were confirmed by G418 screening. MTT results showed that the proliferation of the IFITM1/SW480 cells was significantly enhanced (P < 0.01). Tumors were harvested from four weeks old mice. Tumor volumes were (1347.00 ± 60.94) mm(3), (1032.40 ± 111.38) mm(3) and (1018.78 ± 28.83) mm(3); and tumor weights were (1522.34 ± 62.76) mg, (1137.78 ± 97.22) mg and (1155.76 ± 133.31) mg for mice inoculated with the IFITM1/SW480 cells, pEGFP-C3/SW480 cells and SW480 cells, respectively. Tumor volumes and weights from mice inoculated with the IFITM1/SW480 cells were significantly increased (P < 0.01). In addition, the numbers of the SW480 cells and IFITM1/SW480 cells that migrated through Matrigel were 448.64 ± 38.09 and 540.45 ± 44.61, respectively; so the invasive ability of the SW480 cells transfected with IFITM1 gene was significantly greater than that of the SW480 cells (P < 0.01). Gelatin zymographic analysis showed that MMP-9 and MMP-2 protein activities in the IFITM1/SW480 cells were significantly enhanced, and Western blotting analysis showed that MMP-9 expression in the IFITM1/SW480 cells was also increased.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>IFITM1 can enhance the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of the colorectal cancer SW480 cell lines.</p>

Targeted therapies for hormone-refractory prostate cancer / 中华男科学杂志

Prostate cancer is one of the most common type of cancer among men after middle age. Androgen withdrawal can delay its progression in the initial stage, but it finally becomes independent of androgens in almost all the cases. The combination of docetaxel with prednisone is currently a standard first-line treatment for patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC), but hitherto there is no established second-line therapy. In view of the molecular pathogenesis of HRPC, this article presents an overview on several promising drugs that target specific pathways, involving angiogenesis, cell signaling, apoptosis and proliferation, and immune modulation, either as single agents or in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy.

P27Kip1 expression and its prognostic implication in breast carcinoma: a meta-analysis / 中华病理学杂志

To evaluate the relationship between p27Kip1 low expression in breast cancer and its prognostic implication in breast carcinoma patients. Methods All data that were associated with the study of the relationship between p27Kip1 and the prognosis for breast cancer was pooled from Cochrane library, PubMed, Embase and Medlinebase. The outcome was measured using the risk ratio (RR). Data pooling was performed by RevMan 4. 2. Results 6457 patients from 20 studies were included in this meta-analysis. RR estimate of overall survival (OS) for patients with low level p27Kip1 was 2.07 [1.66,2.60] (P<0.01). For disease free survival (DFS), the pooled RR was 1.27 [1.10,1.47] (P<0.05). The combined RR estimate of relapse free survival (RFS) for patients with low level of p27Kip1 was 1.49 [0.92, 2.42] (P >0.05). In patients with lymph node negative breast carcinoma, the combined RR for OS and RFS were 1.98 [1.34,2.91] (P <0.01) and 1.28 [0.45,3.65] (P > 0.05), respectively. Among the patients with lymph node positive breast carcinoma, the combined RR for OS and RFS was 1.92 [1.31, 2.82] (P=0.0009) and 1.35 [0.96,1.89] (P>0.05) respectively. Conclusions Low level of p27Kip1 appears to be an independent prognostic factor to OS and DFS of breast cancer patients but not to RFS. Additional studies with large patient number and widely accepted practical methods are required to derive the precise prognostic significance of p27Kip1 expression in breast cancer patients.

Analysis of RASSF1A promoter hypermethylation in serum DNA of non-small cell lung cancer / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the hypermethylation status of RASSF1A promoter in serum DNA of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patient and evaluate its correlation with clinicopathological parameters.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Serum DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of 75 NSCLC patients and another 35 patients with benign pulmonary disease and 15 healthy donors. The methylation status of RASSF1A promoter was determined using methylation-specific PCR (MSP), and the correlation of methylation profiles with clinicopathological parameters was statistically analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Aberrant methylation of RASSF1A was detected in 23 of 75 (30.7%) cancer patients, but in none of patients with benign pulmonary disease or in healthy donors (P <0.001). RASSF1A hypermethylation status was found to be correlated with late stage and poor differentiation (P < 0.05), but not with gender, age or histopathology in NSCLC patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Hypermethylated RASSF1A promoter is frequently found in the serum DNA of non-small cell lung cancer patient, and RASSF1A may become a promising novel biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis prediction in lung cancer.</p>

Role of RASSF1A hypermethylation in prostate cancer / 中华男科学杂志

RASSF1A gene cloned from 3p21.3 region is a novel candidate tumor suppressor gene. The aberrant methylation of CpG lands in the promoter region is the major inactivation mechanism of RASSF1A, and is significantly involved in the genesis and development of multiple solid tumors including prostate cancer. The methylation status examination of RASSF1A could serve as an important technique for the early diagnosis of prostate cancer, while methylation inhibitor is likely to become a novel therapeutic agent.

Advances in researches on hormonal refractory prostate cancer / 中华男科学杂志

In China, the incidence of prostate cancer has been increasing in recent years. Hormonal therapy has been the mainstay of the therapeutic options for metastatic diseases for many years. But many metastatic tumors progress at a median of two to five years and become hormonal refractory prostate cancer (HRPC). This article summarizes in the advances of diagnostic criteria, molecular biological features, prediction markers, new therapeutic agents and further researches to be undertaken concerning HRPC.

Epidermal growth factor receptor blocker C225 increases chemosensitivity and radiosensitivity of Docetaxel resistant human lung adenocarcinoma cell line SPC-A-1/docetaxel / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

Objective:To investigate the modulating effects of anti-epidermal growth factor monoclonal antibody Cetux- imab(C225)on the ehemosensitivity and radiosensitivity in a Docetaxel-resistant human lung adenocarcinoma cell line SPC-A-1/doeetaxel.Methods:Radiosensitivity of SPC-A-1/docetaxel was determined by clone formation experiment and quantified by calculating the enhancement ratio(ER).The growth inhibition of SPC-A-1/docetaxel cell line caused by C225 or combination of C225 and Docetaxel in different orders was detected by MTT assay.The effect of C225 on cell cy- cle distribution and apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry.Results:C225 combined with radiation significantly de- creased the number of the cell clones than radiation alone;the D_0 values were 1.73 Gy for the former and 2.39 Gy for the latter,and the enhancement ratio was 1.38.C225 alone at concentration up to 1000?g/ml for 48h had neither cytotoxic nor eytostatie effect on SPC-A-1/docetaxel in vitro.C225 administration followed by Docetaxel significantly decreased the ICw of Docetaxel(85.2?g/ml vs 128.7?g/ml).Flow cytometry demonstrated that C225 exposure induced apoptosis of SPC-A-1/docetaxel cells in a time-dependent manner.The cell in the G_0/G_1 fraction increased from(43.80?4.46)% to (60.50?6.57)%(P

Current opinions on the treatment of androgen-independent prostate cancer / 中华男科学杂志

Prostate cancer is a most common malignant neoplasm in males. In recent years, its incidence has been rising dramatically in China. Patients with recurrent prostate cancer may be treated with androgen deprivation strategies, but most cases will eventually develop into androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC). Until recently, chemotherapy has been shown to be effective in palliating the symptoms of the disease but not in improving survival. Current strategies for the treatment of AIPC have shown significant palliation, but no definitive increase in survival. Molecular mechanisms underlying the development of androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC) are poorly understood. However, there is growing evidence that different molecular profiles may result in the development of AIPC. In this paper, we not only review the molecular mechanism of AIPC, but also present some of the promising management principles and systemic chemotherapy options against AIPC.

Serum level of soluble interleukin-2 receptors in hepatitis B patients / 中国免疫学杂志

The level of serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor(sIL-2R)was measured in 103 patientswith hepatitis B and 26 hepatitis B virus(HBV)carriers by enzyme-linked assay.The sIL-2Rconcentration were elevated significantly in each type of hepatitis B patients and HBV carriers,compared with control group(P