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Introduction: Osteocalcin has been considered an establishedmarker of bone formation; but the newer evidences suggestedits role in the obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetesmellitus. Thus, it plays an important part both in bone andenergy metabolism.Methodology: This study was conducted in the Department ofBiochemistry, Department of Pharmacology & Department ofMedicine, PMCH, Patna. Two groups were included in thisstudy. One is Non-NAFLD group and another group is NAFLD.Non-NAFLD group having 130 cases while NAFLD grouphaving 44 cases. The duration of study was over a period ofone year.Results: This study revealed that serum osteocalcin levels areinversely associated with NAFLD.Conclusion: This study conclude that, osteocalcin isconsidered as a biomarker of severity in patients of NAFLD.
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Introduction: Statins have been demonstrated to have antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory properties which arecapable of attenuating inflammatory response in sepsis. Theirlipid-lowering capabilities have been well known specifically inpatients at risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular events.Methodology: The population of this study in 60 cases. Whichwere divided in two groups. In group I cases receivedtreatment for COPD & in group II Who received treatment forCOPD along with 20 mg/day atorvastatin. The duration of studywas over a period of one year. This study was conducted in theDepartment of Pulmonary medicine, Department ofBiochemistry & Department of Pharmacology, PMCH, Patna.Results: In group I we found the ratio of male: female was22:8, while in group II male: female was 23:7.In this study weobserved that stage of severity of COPD in both groups; whichwere seen moderate 27 & 25 in group I & group II respectively.Conclusion: The study concludes that a significant decreasein serum hs-CRP levels in COPD patient with the use of 20mg/day atorvastatin for 12 weeks.
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The importance of Vitamin D is unquestionable due to its contribution in the regulation of many physiological processes such as immune system, insulin secretion, cancer, cell differentiation and reproduction through vitamin D receptor (VDR). Methods: 98 PCOD cases were included in this study. This study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry & Pharmacology in the Patna Medical College, Patna, Bihar. The duration of study was over a period of one year. Results: In the present study, 85.7% cases had vitamin D deficiency, 10.2% cases had insufficiency and 4.1 normal cases. Amongst all cases, 53.1% cases were obese and 46.9% cases were lean. Conclusion: The study suggested that revealed that Vitamin D deficiency is common in patients of PCOS, both in lean and obese. It was also observed that supplementation with Vitamin D and Calcium can improve the menstrual disorders associated with PCOS and with a favorable reproductive outcome.
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INTRODUCTION:-Metformin acts mainly at the liver by reducing glucose output and secondarily, by augmenting glucose uptake in the peripheral tissues, primarily muscle. These effects are facilitated by the activation of an upstream kinase, liver kinase B1 (LKB-1), which in turn controls the downstream kinase adenosine monophosphates protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK phosphorylates a transcriptional co-activator, transducer of regulated CREB protein 2, resulting in its inactivation which consequently down regulates transcriptional events that promote synthesis of gluconeogenic enzymes METHODOLOGY:- 200 total numbers of cases were included of diabetic mellitus who received 1500mg/day metformin. The duration of study was one year. RESULT:- In results observed that decrease in fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, LDL- C and TGs. HDL-C levels were increased significantly after treatment. Conclusion:- Therefore, the findings of the present study concluded that metformin used in diabetic treatment improves lipid profile.
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Background: Amikacin and cefotaxime are excreted by renal mechanisms and have ability to influence the structure and/or function of kidneys. In the present study, an attempt has been made to assess the nephrotoxic effects of amikacin, cefotaxime, and their combination. Methods: A total of 10 albino rats (180-210 g) were included in each of four groups. Group A (control group) received i.p. 2 ml/kg/day of normal saline, Group B received i.p. 15 mg/kg/day of amikacin, Group C received i.p. 100 mg/kg/day of cefotaxime, and Group D received i.p. amikacin and cefotaxime daily for 4 weeks. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine were estimated at 1st, 14th, 28th day during i.p. administration then at 6th and 18th month during follow-up. Data obtained were expressed as mean±standard deviation and analyzed using the analysis of variance. Results: At 1st day, 14th day, 28th day, 6th month, 18th month, mean blood urea and serum creatinine in Group A were 20.37±0.08, 20.42±0.10, 20.48±0.09, 20.38±0.10, 20.45±0.07 and 0.50±0.067, 0.49±0.096, 0.48±0.075, 0.49±0.034, and 0.48±0.045, respectively; in Group B were 20.31±0.06, 24.08±0.50, 25.68±0.57, 22.60±0.09, 21.52±36 and 0.50±0.07, 0.65±0.093, 0.78±0.097, 0.63±0.08, 0.56±0.063, respectively; in Group C were 20.11±0.06, 23.84±0.08, 25.11±0.46, 22.50±0.78, 21.14±0.65 and 0.52±0.073, 0.69±0.063, 0.83±0.081, 0.69±0.062, 0.57±0.52, respectively; in Group D were 20.70±1.55, 26.32±1.1, 29.90±0.98, 26.05±1.6, 23.44±1.0 and 0.53±0.045, 0.90±0.084, 1.04±0.14, 0.91±0.045, 0.89±0.048 respectively. Mean BUN and serum creatinine were normal in Group A, but increase was highly significant in Group B, C, and D during drug administration but decreased during follow-up. In Group D, the mean level remained above the normal range till 18th month. Conclusions: Rise in BUN and serum creatinine was highly significant when the amikacin was combined with cefotaxime during i.p. administration as well as during follow-up. It concluded that these drug combinations may be harmful to the kidney, and gradually, it can lead to permanent renal damage.