ABSTRACT
Background: Jaundice affects a small percentage (1-4 per 1000) of pregnant women, yet it is an important medical disorder especially in developing countries like India. Jaundice in pregnancy carries adverse outcomes for both the fetus and the mother. It accounts for 60% perinatal and 14% of maternal deaths. The aim of the study is to know the incidence of jaundice, to evaluate the causes of jaundice and to know the effect of jaundice during pregnancy on maternal and fetal outcome. Materials and methods: All pregnant women with jaundice admitted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, King George Hospital, Visakhapatnam between September 2015 and August 2017 were taken up for study. Results: The incidence of jaundice was 7.22 per 1000 deliveries. Since 92.54% of patients were between 20-35 years of age, maximum number of cases was Primi gravidae. The most common cause of jaundice was HELLP syndrome, hepatitis being the second most common cause. Maternal mortality was 12.74%, the perinatal mortality was 35.71%, prematurity being the commonest cause. Conclusions: Jaundice in pregnancy has adverse fetomaternal outcome. It should be managed as a team in collaboration of obstetrician, physician, gastroenterologist, anesthetist and neonatologist. Improvement in health education, regular antenatal check-ups and early referrals result in early diagnosis and treatment of jaundice during pregnancy thus reducing maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality.
ABSTRACT
Background: The thymus is a central lymphoid organ that plays a vital role in the development and maturation of the immune system during childhood, the thymus appears as a bilobed triangular structure located in the anterior mediastinum. Aim and objectives: To provide radiologists a comprehensive understanding of Recognition of the variable appearance of thymic lesions and evaluation of thymic lesions on different radiological modalities like X-Rays and CT-scan for early diagnosis as well as management. Materials and methods: 10 cases of either strong suspicion or symptoms related to thymic lesion were evaluated who came to Dhiraj Hospital with different radiological modalities (X-ray, CT-scan). Results: Out of total no. of 10 patients who were diagnosed and evaluated with thymic lesion on Xrays and CT-scan are: Thymic Hyperplasia, Thymic Cyst, Thymic Lymphoma, Thymoma, Benign Teratoma, Malignant Teratoma. Conclusion: CT Imaging remains the ideal scanning modality to evaluate Radiologists play a major role in differentiating normal thymus from its variants, various thymic lesions and tumor. But common associated radiological modality used along with CT scan done is X-ray.
ABSTRACT
Different extracts of Mentha spicata L. leaves were investigated for their in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. In vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated for chloroform, ethanol and aqueous extracts for scavenging of DPPH, Superoxide and FRAP radicals. Antimicrobial activity of the extracts was evaluated against five selected bacterial strains by using cylinder plate assay. Concentration dependent antioxidant activity was observed for all the tested extracts. All the tested extracts of Mentha spicata showed considerable zone of inhibition against the tested bacterial strains. All the extracts showed significant zone of inhibition at a dose of 500μg/ml. Of the three extracts tested the highest zone of inhibition was shown by ethanolic extract against B.subtilis at the dose of 500μg/ml. All extracts exhibited antioxidant and antimicrobial activity in a dose dependent manner.