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Objective To design and verify the reliability of a shoelace tensile test system. Methods Incremental loads of 0-196 N were applied to three tension sensors, each load was repeated nine times, with the load removed and interval of 30 s during the repeated tests. Then output voltage of the sensors under each load was collected. Linear regression analysis was used to explore linear relationship between the collected voltage signal and the incremental load. Accuracy, precision and consistency intervals were used to verify consistency of the measured values with the true load. Bland-Altman analysis and intra-group correlation coefficient (ICC) analysis were used to verify the repeatability and reliability of the tensile sensor. Results There was a significant linear correlation between output voltage signal of the sensors and the load (P< 0. 000 1, R2= 0. 999 9), and ICC of three sensors was above 0. 999 (P<0. 000 1). The mean values of the coefficients of variation of the measured values for three tensile sensors under different loads were 0. 003 8, 0. 002 2 and 0. 003 5, respectively. Conclusions The shoelace tensile test system has high reliability and can be used for real-time acquisition of shoelace tension.
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Spontaneous activity in the brain maintains an internal structured pattern that reflects the external environment, which is essential for processing information and developing perception and cognition. An essential prerequisite of spontaneous activity for perception is the ability to reverberate external information, such as by potentiation. Yet its role in the processing of potentiation in mouse superior colliculus (SC) neurons is less studied. Here, we used electrophysiological recording, optogenetics, and drug infusion methods to investigate the mechanism of potentiation in SC neurons. We found that visual experience potentiated SC neurons several minutes later in different developmental stages, and the similarity between spontaneous and visually-evoked activity increased with age. Before eye-opening, activation of retinal ganglion cells that expressed ChR2 also induced the potentiation of spontaneous activity in the mouse SC. Potentiation was dependent on stimulus number and showed feature selectivity for direction and orientation. Optogenetic activation of parvalbumin neurons in the SC attenuated the potentiation induced by visual experience. Furthermore, potentiation in SC neurons was blocked by inhibiting the glutamate transporter GLT1. These results indicated that the potentiation induced by a visual stimulus might play a key role in shaping the internal representation of the environment, and serves as a carrier for short-term memory consolidation.
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OBJECTIVE@#To compare the clinical effect between electroacupuncture (EA) at Neima point and Neiguan (PC 6) and epidural nerve block for preemptive analgesia in patients undergoing thoracic surgery.@*METHODS@#Sixty patients with elective radical esophagectomy were randomly divided into a group A, a group B and a control group, 20 cases in each group. The patients in the group A were treated with injection of 20 mL 0.375% ropivacaine at epidural space 30 min before anesthesia induction, followed by normal anesthesia during operation; the patients in the group B were treated with 30 min EA at bilateral Neima point and Neiguan (PC 6) before anesthesia induction, followed by normal anesthesia during operation; the patients in the control group were treated with general anesthesia alone. Patient-controlled intravenous analgesia was applied for all the patients. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded at the following time points: before acupuncture/epidural puncture (T@*RESULTS@#The MAP at T@*CONCLUSION@#The preemptive analgesia of EA at Neima point and Neiguan (PC 6) and epidural nerve block could both provide effective perioperative analgesia for thoracic surgery. The EA could better maintain intraoperative hemodynamics and has less physiological disturbance.
Subject(s)
Humans , Anesthesia, General , Electroacupuncture , Epidural Space , Nerve Block , Thoracic SurgeryABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the effect of Liuwei Dihuangwan on connexin 32 (Cx32) in hepatoma cell line CBRH7919 and its gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC), and furthermore study its mechanism of enhancing the bystander killing effect of suicide gene therapy. Method: Liuwei Dihuangwan (32 g·kg·d-1) and the same volume of normal saline were given to the rats by intragastrical administration. Blood was taken to prepare the medicated serum of Liuwei Dihuangwan and blank control serum, respectively. The hepatoma cell line CBRH7919 were treated by control serum and medicated serum of Liuwei Dihuangwan in different concentrations. There were four groups in experiment:the blank control group (volume fraction of 10%), medicated serum high dose group of Liuwei Dihuangwan (the volume fraction of 10%), medicated serum middle dose group of Liuwei Dihuangwan (the volume fraction of 5%), and medicated serum low dose group of Liuwei Dihuangwan (the volume fraction of 2.5%). The expression levels of Cx32 protein and mRNA in hepatoma cell line CBRH7919 were detected by indirect immunofluorescence assay (ⅡA) and Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR) assay. The fluorescence redistribution after photobleaching (FRAP) method was used to detect the function of GJIC of hepatoma cell line CBRH7919. Result: ① The indirect immunofluorescence assay (ⅡA) analysis indicated that as compared with the blank control group, the cx32 expression of CBRH7919 cells was up-regulated in a concentration-dependent manner in each dose group of the serum containing Liuwei Dihuangwan (PPPPConclusion: The mechanism of medicated serum of Liuwei Dihuangwan in enhancing the bystander killing effect of suicide geneis related to gap junction. Liuwei Dihuangwan may enhance the function of GJIC by increasing the localization of cx32 on the cell membrane of CBRH7919 cells and increasing the expression of cx32 mRNA and protein to achieve the synergistic action.
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Objective: To explore the application value of ablation catheter for pacemaker atrial lead restoration in relevant patients. Methods: A total of 6 patients with atrial lead dislodgement after pacemaker implantation were selected for our study. The atrial lead restoration was conducted by using ablation catheter via femoral vein pathway. Results: The average operational time was (15.0 ± 3.7) min which was obviously less than traditional operational time. The position of electrode restoration was ideal with well immobilization. Conclusion: Ablation catheter is feasible for arial lead restoration in patients with atrial lead dislodgement after pacemaker implantation.
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To synthesize a series of 3-, 4-, and/or 11-trihydroxy modified bergenin derivatives and evaluated their cytotoxic activity in vitro. The phenolic hydroxyl groups of bergenin were protected by benzyl groups with benzyl bromide. Treatment of dibenzyl bergenin with the corresponding acid in the presence of EDC·HCl and DMAP in CH2Cl2, followed by hydrogenation over Pd/C catalysts, afforded derivatives of bergenin esters. All of the target compounds were identified by IR, MS, and (1)H NMR. Twenty-six novel and three known derivatives of bergenin esters were synthesized. Their cytotoxicity values were evaluated by the MTT assay on the inhibition of DU-145 and BGC-823 cells in vitro. Several triply-substituted (3a, 4a, 5a, 6a, 7a) and doubly-substituted (8b, 9b) bergenin derivatives exhibited higher cytotoxic activity than bergenin. The result showed that the size of substituents and the lipophilicity of the bergenin esters displayed an important role on their cytotoxic activity.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Benzopyrans , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Cell Line, Tumor , Dipterocarpaceae , Chemistry , Molecular Structure , Phytotherapy , Plant Extracts , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Prostatic Neoplasms , Drug Therapy , Stomach Neoplasms , Drug Therapy , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
Objective The goal of the present experimental study is to investigate effects on the injection of a-dult rabbit autologous skeletal myoblasts into the thyroarytenoid(TA)muscle after recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) damage and traumatic vocal cords .Methods 20 adult New Zealand white rabbits were used for the establishment of an animal model simulating the cut -off of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve and the left vocal cord trauma scar for-mation after traumatic damage .Then from the rabbits ,the sternocleidomastoid muscle cells were cultured ,separa-ted and expanded .After 12 weeks ,the 20 animals were randomly divided into group A ,group B with 10 in each group .Group A(myoblast injection group) in the left vocal cord thyroarytenoid muscle injection of myoblasts 0 .3 ml ,the right vocal cord without any treatment served as normal controls ;Group B(saline injection control group) in the left vocal cord thyroarytenoid muscle was injected with normal saline ,the right vocal cord without any treatment as normal controls ,respectively ,were observed after 12 weeks of bilateral thyroarytenoid muscle fiber diameters and vocal cord volumes .Results After 12 weeks ,Group A's left thyroarytenoid muscle injection of bilateral thyroaryten-oid muscle fiber diameter and the vocal volume size was not significantly different (P>0 .05) ,thyroarytenoid muscle fiber diameter and the vocal cord volume on Group B's injected side was significantly smaller than Group A (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The thyroarytenoid muscle injection of autologous myoblasts can effectively treat recurrent la-ryngeal nerve (RLN) injury and traumatic vocal cords .
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the gap junction mechanisms for synergistic effects of liuwei di-huang pill (LDP) containing serum on HSV-tk/GCV suicide gene therapy of mouse malignant melanoma B16 cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The LDP containing serum (2.5% LDP serum group, 5.0% LDP serum group, and 10.0% LDP serum group) and the control serum group were set up. The effects of LDP on mRNA expressions of Cx26 and Cx43 in mouse malignant melanoma B16 cells were detected by RT-PCR assay. The effects of LDP on protein expressions of Cx26 and Cx43 in B16 cells were detected using Western blot and indirect immunofluorescence assay. The interference efficiencies of Cx26-309, Cx26-337, Cx26-367, Cx26-2098 SiRNA on Cx26 gene in B16 cells were detected using RT-RCR technique. Cx26-2098 SiRNA, due to the optimal interference efficiency, was chosen to interfere Cx26 gene, and the bystander effect of LDP + HSV-tk/GCV was observed. The effects of the gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) inhibitor glycyrrhetinic acid on the killing of LDP + HSV-tk/GCV system to B16 cells were detected by MTT assay. In this experiment, the control serum group, 2.5% LDP serum group, 5. 0% LDP serum group, 10.0% LDP serum group, the control serum combined GCV group, 2.5% LDP serum combined GCV group, 5.0% LDP serum combined GCV group, 10.0% LDP serum combined GCV group, 2.5% LDP serum combined GCV + glycyrrhetinic acid group, 5.0% LDP serum combined GCV + glycyrrhetinic acid group, 10.0% LDP serum combined GCV + glycyrrhetinic acid group were set up. The final concentration of GCV was 20 micromol/L. The final concentration of glycyrrhetinic acid was 50 micromol/L.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>LDP containing serum could increase the protein and mRNA expressions of Cx43 in B16 cell in a dose-dependent manner. It had bi-directional regulation on the Cx26 protein and mRNA expressions. The low dose LDP had inhibition while high dose LDP could up-regulate its expression. After SiRNA interfered Cx26 gene, there was no obvious change in the bystander effect of LDP combined suicide gene therapy between before and after interference. There was significant reduction in the inhibition rate between before (48.75%, 59.39%, and 69.28%) and after blockage (29.14%, 38.71%, and 58.13%) of glycyrrhetinic acid in the 2. 5%, 5.0%, 10.0% LDP serum combined GCV groups (P <0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The synergistic effects of LDP containing serum on HSV-tk/GCV suicide gene therapy in mouse malignant melanoma B16 cells were correlated with the gap junction mechanisms, which might be achieved through increasing the expressions of Cx26 and Cx43.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Cell Line, Tumor , Connexin 26 , Connexin 43 , Metabolism , Connexins , Metabolism , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Therapeutic Uses , Gap Junctions , Metabolism , Genetic Therapy , Melanoma , Therapeutics , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , SerumABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study examined the effects of maternal deficiency of folic acid during pregnancy on pulmonary development and protein A (SP-A) expression in newborn rats in order to explore the possible mechanism of lung developmental disorders.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-six adult Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly assigned into two groups: control and study (n=18). The study and the control groups were fed with fodder containing folic acid or not respectively. Two weeks later, the female rats in the two groups copulated with normal male rats. Newborn rats were sacrificed at 1, 7 and 14 days after birth (8 pups at each time point). Lung sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for histological examination. SP-A expression of protein and mRNA were determined by immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative RT-PCR, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The newborn rats from the study group showed damaged lung tissue structures. The mean optical density of type II cells with positive expression of SP-A decreased significantly from 1 to 14 days in newborn rats of the study group compared with the control newborn rats (P<0.05). The real-time quantitative RT-PCR showed that the expression of lung SP-A mRNA also decreased significantly from 1 to 14 days in newborn rats of the study group compared with control newborn rats (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Maternal deficiency of folic acid during pregnancy can decrease the expression of SP-A in lung tissues of newborn rats, which might lead to the disorder of lung development maturation.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Pregnancy , Rats , Animals, Newborn , Folic Acid Deficiency , Metabolism , Immunohistochemistry , Lung , Embryology , Pregnancy Complications , Metabolism , Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein A , Genetics , RNA, Messenger , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of sinomenine on the level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and in the heterotopic tissue in rats with endometriosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The rats with endometriosis were divided into sinomenine lavage group, blank control group, model group and danazol group, and the levels of TNF-alpha and NF-kappaB in the heterotopic tissues of the rats were detected with immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Sinomenine lavage and danazol treatment both significantly decreased the levels of levels of TNF-alpha and NF-kappaB in the heterotopic tissues of the rats as compared with the model group (P<0.05), and lesions were significantly smaller in sinomenine lavage group than in danazol group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Sinomenine can inhibit the production and activity of TNF-alpha and NF-kappaB to suppress the adhesion, implantation, infiltration and growth of the endometrial cells in the rat model of endometriosis.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Rats , Choristoma , Metabolism , Danazol , Pharmacology , Endometriosis , Metabolism , Morphinans , Pharmacology , NF-kappa B , Metabolism , Rats, Wistar , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the genetic polymorphism of DC-SIGN's and DC-SIGNR's neck regions in normal Chinese Han population, and to obtain the genetic data of the two loci in Chinese Han population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The genotypes and alleles of repeat sequences of DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR neck region were typed by PCR, agarose gel electrophoresis and sequencing. Polymorphism information content (PIC) of DC-SIGNR was calculated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>DC-SIGN genetic polymorphism was rare. Allele 7 was most and its frequency was 0.9808. 4-, 5-, 6- and 8- alleles were also found, although their frequencies were very low. Caucasians had only 6- and 8- allele mutants; DC-SIGNR genetic polymorphism was high, its PIC was 0.5312, 4-,5-,6-,7-,8-,9- alleles and 16 genotypes were found in normal Chinese Han population. The differences of 6/5,7/4,7/5,7/6,7/7,9/5,9/7,9/9 genotypes distribution and 5-,6-,7-,9- alleles frequency between normal Chinese Han population and Caucasian population were all extremely distinct (P<0.01). The inserted mutation seemed more in Chinese Hans than Caucasian population.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR genotypes and alleles distribution in Chinese Han population are significantly different from Caucasian population and with Chinese own population genetic characteristics, compared with Caucasians.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Alleles , Asian People , Genetics , Cell Adhesion Molecules , Genetics , China , Gene Frequency , Genotype , Lectins, C-Type , Genetics , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Polymorphism, Genetic , Genetics , Receptors, Cell Surface , GeneticsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyse the clinical and angiographic characteristics of spontaneous reperfusion (SR) in AMI, and to evaluate its effect on short-term prognosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>112 consecutive AMI patients without intravenous thrombolytic therapy received emergent coronary angiography and primary PCI. The patients were divided into SR group (antegrade TIMI grade 2-3 flow) and non-SR group (antegrade TIMI grade 0-1 flow). The clinical, angiographic and prognostic features of the patients were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>31 patients (27.7%) were in SR group, and there was no significant difference in base-line clinical characteristics between the two groups. Compared with non-SR group, peak values of CK and CK-MB, Ventricular wall motion abnormality and mortality were lower in SR group, ejection fraction was higher in SR group. Logistic regression analysis showed that there was good correlation between SR and peak value of CK, collaterals, ventricular wall motion abnormality and pre-dilation in PCI.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SR decreased infarction size, improved heart function and reduced 30-day mortality.</p>
Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary , Coronary Angiography , Myocardial Infarction , Diagnosis , Diagnostic Imaging , Therapeutics , Myocardial Reperfusion , Prognosis , Remission, SpontaneousABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the correlation between vertical infection of hepatitis B virus(HBV) and Hofbauer cell in placenta.Methods Placental structural change,the correlation between HBV infection and Hofbauer cell in 14 vertical transmission cases(HBsAg and HBV-DNA seropositive in both mothers and their neonates),62 non-vertical transmission cases(HBsAg and HBV-DNA seropositive in mothers,but HBsAg and HBV-DNA seronegative in their neonates) and 10 controls(HBsAg and HBV-DNA seronegative in both mothers and their neonates) were determined by inmumohistochemical techniques and photomicroscopy.Results 1.necrosis,edema,villi capillary sclerosis,intravillifibrosis,fibrinoial sendimentation,morphokarrioleukocyet,lymphacyte,granulocyte were observed in placentas both vertical transmission cases and non-vertical transmission cases.2.Placental HBsAg postive rate in vertical transmission cases was 100%,but 58% in non-vertical transmission cases.There was significant difference in two groups(P=(0.013)).The positive sign was observed in trophoblast cell,Hofbauer cell and endothelial cell.3.Total Hobauer cell and ones combined with HBV in placentas of vertical transmission cases obviously increased(P