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Objective: To observe the neuroprotective effect of borneol combined with astragaloside IV (AST IV) and Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury (CIRI) rat model through Notch signaling pathway. Methods: SD rats were randomly divided into sham group, model group, borneol (7.5 mg/kg) group, AST IV (25 mg/kg) group, PNS (10 mg/kg) group, AST IV (10 mg/kg) + PNS (25 mg/kg) group, borneol (7.5 mg/kg) + AST IV (25 mg/kg) + PNS (10 mg/kg) low dose group, borneol (15 mg/kg) + AST IV (20 mg/kg) + PNS (50 mg/kg) high dose group and edaravone (4 mg/kg) group. Rats in sham group and model group were ig 0.5% CMC-Na, edaravone group was ip drug, and the other groups were ig corresponding drugs, twice a day with an interval of 12 h. The right middle cerebral artery of rat was blocked by a suture method 2 h after last administration to establish a CIRI model. After 2 h of ischemia and 22 h of reperfusion, the eurological function scores were scored and pathological changes of ischemic cortex in brain tissues of rats were observed by HE staining. The expressions of neuron specific nuclear (NeuN) and endothelial barrier antigen (EBA) in ischemic cortex of brain tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry. The expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Notch1, and intracellular domain of Notch (NICD) in ischemic cortex of brain tissue were detected by Western blotting. Results: The score of neural dysfunction and cell damage rate in model group were significantly increased (P < 0.01); The score of nerve function defect and rate of cell damage in each administration group were significantly reduced (P < 0.05, 0.01), the effect of borneol + AST IV + PNS group was better than that of single drug and AST IV + PNS group (P < 0.05, 0.01). NeuN and EBA protein expressions were significantly decreased in the ischemic cortex of model group (P < 0.01), while NeuN and EBA protein expressions were significantly enhanced in each administration group (P < 0.05, 0.01), and the effect of borneol + AST IV + PNS group was better than that of single drug and AST IV + PNS group (P < 0.05, 0.01). In model group, VEGF protein expression was increased significantly (P < 0.05), while NICD and Notch1 protein expression had no significant change. The expression of VEGF, NICD and Notch1 protein were significantly up-regulated in borneol + AST IV + PNS group (P < 0.01), and the effect of combination of three drugs was better than that of single drug and AST IV + PNS (P < 0.05, 0.01). Conclusion: Borneol, AST IV, and PNS have the effects of preventing neuronal and cerebral microvascular damage after CIRI, and the effect of combination of three drugs was better than that of single drug and AST IV + PNS, which may be related to the activation of the Notch signaling pathway and up-regulation of VEGF expression, thereby, exerting protective effects on ischemic brain tissue.
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OBJECTIVE:To study the prevention and treatment effect and its mechanism of Yinyanjing lotion on allergic con-tact dermatitis(ACD)in rats. METHODS:60 rats were randomly divided into blank control group,model control group,positive control group(dexamethasone)and Yinyanjing lotion high-dose,medium-dose,low-dose groups(respectively given 2-fold concen-trated solution,1-fold concentrated solution and original solution),10 in each group. Except for blank control group,rats in other groups smeared dinitrochlorobenzene in the abdomen and back(2 cm×2 cm)to induce ACD model. From the 9th of modeling,rats in each administration group were smeared 100 μL of related drugs in the back,and rats in blank control group and model control group smeared 100 μL of purified water,3 times a day,for 10 d. After administration,skin allergic reaction was scored and skin swelling degree was determined. HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of skin. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent method was used to detect the contents of interleukin-2 (IL-2),IL-4,IL-6 and interferon γ(IFN-γ) in serum. RESULTS:Com-pared with blank control group,allergic reaction scores and skin swelling degree in model control group were significantly in-creased (P<0.01). Electron microscopy showed epidermal scab necrosis,dermal layer damage,hair follicle necrosis. Contents of IL-2,IL-4,IFN-γ in serum were significantly increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01);IL-6 content was slightly increased (P>0.05). Compared with model control group,except that the skin swelling degree,IL-4 content in serum in Yinyanjing lotion low-dose group and IL-6 content in serum in each administration group were not significantly improved,other indexes were significantly im-proved(P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:Yinyanjing lotion has certain prevention and treatment effects on ACD in rats,the mechanism may be associated with reducing the contents of IL-2,IL-4,IFN-γin serum.
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OBJECTIVE:To study the prevention and treatment effect and its mechanism of Yinyanjing lotion on allergic con-tact dermatitis(ACD)in rats. METHODS:60 rats were randomly divided into blank control group,model control group,positive control group(dexamethasone)and Yinyanjing lotion high-dose,medium-dose,low-dose groups(respectively given 2-fold concen-trated solution,1-fold concentrated solution and original solution),10 in each group. Except for blank control group,rats in other groups smeared dinitrochlorobenzene in the abdomen and back(2 cm×2 cm)to induce ACD model. From the 9th of modeling,rats in each administration group were smeared 100 μL of related drugs in the back,and rats in blank control group and model control group smeared 100 μL of purified water,3 times a day,for 10 d. After administration,skin allergic reaction was scored and skin swelling degree was determined. HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of skin. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent method was used to detect the contents of interleukin-2 (IL-2),IL-4,IL-6 and interferon γ(IFN-γ) in serum. RESULTS:Com-pared with blank control group,allergic reaction scores and skin swelling degree in model control group were significantly in-creased (P<0.01). Electron microscopy showed epidermal scab necrosis,dermal layer damage,hair follicle necrosis. Contents of IL-2,IL-4,IFN-γ in serum were significantly increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01);IL-6 content was slightly increased (P>0.05). Compared with model control group,except that the skin swelling degree,IL-4 content in serum in Yinyanjing lotion low-dose group and IL-6 content in serum in each administration group were not significantly improved,other indexes were significantly im-proved(P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS:Yinyanjing lotion has certain prevention and treatment effects on ACD in rats,the mechanism may be associated with reducing the contents of IL-2,IL-4,IFN-γin serum.
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Objective To observe the effects of acupuncture therapy with finger on back-shu point on acid reflux and lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP) of the patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Methods Totally 120 patients of GERD were randomly divided into treatment group and control group through random number table method, 60 cases in each group. Patients in the treatment group were treated with the acupuncture therapy with finger on back-shu point, and patients in control group were treated with lansoprazole tablets and dispersible mosapride citrate for two weeks. Total percentage of acid reflux time, the long time acid reflux episodes, and the longest acid reflux time of two groups were observed six months after the treatment. At the same time, the LESP variation of two groups was followed up six months after the treatment. Results The total percentage of acid reflux time, the long time acid reflux episodes, and the longest acid reflux time decreased significantly in all patients after treatment (P0.05). After treatment, LESP of two groups was significantly improved (P0.05). Conclusion The acupuncture therapy with finger on back-shu point can reduce acid reflux, and achieve the goal of treatment of GERD by improving the lower esophageal sphincter pressure. The duration of improving LESP is longer.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of microRNA-31 and its association with clinicopathologic features in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression level of microRNA-31 in 62 cases of OSCC and matched non-tumor adjacent tissue specimens was examined using stem-loop real-time PCR. The relationship between the expression of microRNA-31 and its clinicopathologic features of OSCC was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of microRNA-31 was significantly higher in the tumor tissues than that in the adjacent tissues (P < 0.05).Up-regulated microRNA-31 expression was associated with the lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05) and cell differentiation (P < 0.05) in OSCC patients.No significant association was found between the expression of microRNA-31 and gender, age, lymph node metastasis, tumor size and location.Receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) of microRNA-31 about cell differentiation resulted in a diagnostic sensitivity of 70.4% and specificity of 89.5%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The up-regulated level of microRNA-31 expression may be related to the pathogenesis of OSCC.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Metabolism , Pathology , Cell Differentiation , Lymphatic Metastasis , MicroRNAs , Metabolism , Mouth Neoplasms , Metabolism , Pathology , Up-RegulationABSTRACT
The development history, education, legislation, charge and institutes of acupuncture and moxibustion in Singapore are introduced in this article. Acupuncture and moxibustion has been developed in Singapore since 1840. Nowadays there are three universities that set up standard Chinese medicine courses and two acupuncture-moxibustion associations. Legislation of acupuncture and moxibustion is published in 2000. The acupuncture and moxibustion is applied for approximately 50 kinds of diseases. The acupuncture and moxibustion is at one's own expense in public or private institutions, but cheap or completely free in charity.
Subject(s)
Humans , Acupuncture , Education , History , Workforce , Acupuncture Therapy , Economics , History , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Hospitals , Moxibustion , Economics , History , SingaporeABSTRACT
Hedgehog family proteins are important morphogens which mediate the development of embryo as well as the carcinogenesis in adults. Inappropriate activation of Hedgehog signaling pathway contributes to numerous human cancers. The Hedgehog signaling pathway is considered to be involved in the molecular mechanism of the invasion and metastasis of the tumors, and to facilitate the metastasis of tumors through signaling pathways interaction. It is suggested that a potential therapeutic strategy pharmacologically targeting Hedgehog-dependent tumors may be developed.
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To study the stimulation effect to the growth of Bifidobac te rium sp. A04, 4 kinds of oligosaccharide, 8 kinds of Chinese traditional medi cine and 4 kinds of food raw materials were used. The results indicates that so ya bean oligosaccharide is the most effective (P