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1.
Rev. patol. trop ; 48(3): 148-160, 2019.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1096710

ABSTRACT

Medicinal plants are of great interest for the discovery of new biomolecules with diversified effects. Over the last decade different outbreaks caused by Mycobacterium abscessos subsp. Massiliense have been reported, evidencing it as an important emerging pathogen in underdeveloped countries. This study investigated the antimycobacterial activity of six Brazilian medicinal plant extracts and their fractions. Hyptis brevipes, Tocoyena formosa, Randia armata, Paullinia pinnata, La foensia pacari And Anadenanthera colubrina were evaluated against M. a. massiliense. Total extracts from the medicinal plants H. brevipes, T. formosa, P. pinnata and L. pacari presented a minimal bactericidal concentration of 1 mg/mL. After fractioning, the ethanolic fractions from H. brevipes and P. pinnata presented bactericidal activity, and the ethyl acetate fraction from H. brevipes and T. formosa presented antimycobacterial action. The best bactericidal function of all plant fractions was the ethanolic, which contained rutin and rosmarinic acid that were shown to have microbicidal activity.


Subject(s)
Plants, Medicinal , Hyptis , Paullinia , Biodiversity , Mycobacterium abscessus
2.
Ciênc. rural ; 43(12): 2178-2184, dez. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-691338

ABSTRACT

Aspasia variegata occurs naturally in the savanna of the Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil and it has been widely collected for its beautiful flowers. Additionally, its habitat has been greatly reduced and little or no investigation of its spread has been performed. Aiming to establish a protocol to obtain seedlings of the orchid A. variegata, different compositions of culture medium were tested to identify which one provided better in vitro growth and development and to assess the influence of these media in seedling acclimatisation. Thus, seeds obtained from mature capsules were inoculated in Knudson culture medium for 120 days until the protocorm stage. They were transferred to different culture media formulations, including MS and Knudson with half or full formulation, and 3.0 and 6.0g L-1 activated charcoal were added to them or not. After 180 days of protocorm inoculation, seedlings were evaluated for length of roots and shoots, number of roots and leaves, and chlorophyll contents. After that, seedlings were transferred to trays containing a mixture of Plantmax® and coconut fibre (1:1) for acclimatisation. Best results for the in vitro growth of A. variegata were obtained with the use of MS medium supplemented with 6.0g L-1 activated charcoal. Higher levels of chlorophyll were obtained, however, in treatments containing MS salts without activated charcoal presence, and lower levels in media containing Knudson salts with the presence of activated charcoal. The seedlings originated by higher chlorophyll levels during in vitro cultivation presented the highest survival rates and better development in the acclimatisation phase.


A orquídea Aspasia variegata ocorre naturalmente no Cerrado Sul-Matogrossense, e tem sido bastante coletada de seu habitat, devido à beleza de suas flores. Adicionalmente, sua área de ocorrência tem sido bastante reduzida e pouco ou nenhum estudo visando a sua multiplicação tem sido realizado. Objetivando estabelecer protocolo para obtenção de mudas de A. variegata, diferentes composições de meio de cultivo foram testadas para observar aquela que propicia melhores condições para crescimento e desenvolvimento dos protocormos in vitro e ainda a influência desses meios na fase de aclimatização das mudas. Para tal, foram utilizadas cápsulas maduras para obtenção das sementes, as quais foram inoculadas em meio de cultivo básico Knudson por 120 dias até o desenvolvimento de protocormos. Estes foram então transferidos para diferentes formulações dos meios de cultivo MS e Knudson, variando a concentração de sais e de carvão ativado (0; 3,0 e 6,0g L-1). Após 180 dias da inoculação dos protocormos, foram realizadas avaliações referentes ao comprimento da maior raiz e da parte aérea, número de raízes e folhas, e quantificados os teores de clorofila. Em seguida, as mudas foram transferidas para bandejas contendo uma mistura de Plantmax® e Fibra de Coco (1:1) para aclimatização. Melhores resultados para o crescimento in vitro de A. variegata foram obtidos com a utilização do meio de cultura MS, acrescido de 6,0g L-1 de carvão ativado. No entanto, os maiores níveis de clorofila foram obtidos nos tratamentos contendo sais MS desprovidos de carvão ativado, e os menores nos meios contendo sais Knudson providos com carvão ativado. As plantas oriundas dos tratamentos com maiores teores de clorofila total durante a fase in vitro obtiveram as maiores taxas de sobrevivência e melhor desenvolvimento na fase de aclimatização.

3.
Rev. bras. entomol ; 52(3): 477-479, set. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-496335

ABSTRACT

One of the ephemeral food sources that insects may use is the exudated gums from plants. In May 2005, in an area of Cerrado from Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, insects visiting an exudation structure of an individual of Terminalia argentea Mart & Zucc (Combretaceae) were observed. Nineteen species were identified, mainly Trigona branneri (Cockerel) and Mesembrinella bicolor (Fabricius). All visitors had been observed collecting or ingesting the gum. Visitation time and behavior of the most abundant species were reported. Samples of exudates showed a low concentration of proteins and reducing sugars and high concentration of complex carbohydrate, allowing infer that visitors of T. argentea seek the gum a food resource of high molecular weight that contributes to the storage of energy reserves.


Uma das fontes efêmeras de alimento que os insetos podem utilizar são as gomas exsudadas por plantas. No mês de maio de 2005, em uma área de cerrado no município de Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, foram observados insetos visitando as estruturas de exsudação em um indivíduo de Terminalia agentea Mart & Zucc (Combretaceae). Foram registradas 19 espécies, principalmente Trigona branneri (Cockerell) e Mesembrinella bicolor (Fabricius). Todos os visitantes foram observados coletando ou ingerindo a goma exsudada. Observações sobre o horário de visitação e comportamento das espécies mais abundantes são relatadas. As amostras de exsudatos apresentaram baixa concentração de proteínas e açucares redutores e alta concentração de carboidratos complexos, permitindo inferir que os visitantes de T. argentea buscam na goma um recurso alimentar de alta massa molecular que contribui para o armazenamento de reservas energéticas.


Subject(s)
Animals , Bees , Combretaceae , Diptera , Feeding Behavior , Grassland , Plants
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