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1.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Clín. Méd ; 19(3): 181-183, set 2021.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1391952

ABSTRACT

Convulsive seizures caused by hyponatremia occur when this condition is severe and develops quickly, resulting in a brain's adaptive inability to contain brain swelling. Seizures are rarely the cause of shoulder fractures. This is a case report of bilateral humerus fracture following a single epileptic seizure caused by drug hyponatremia, an unconventional event in medical practice. A 69-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency room after a single tonic-clonic seizure with spontaneously ceased sphincter relaxation, showing Glasgow 6. No falls or restraint were reported by observers. When alert, the patient reported pain and difficulty moving both arms. During examination, the movement was li- mited to the right and left. Anteroposterior radiographs revealed bilateral fracture at the neck of humerus. To complement inves- tigation for further lesions, a computed tomography confirmed bilateral fracture-dislocation with impaction of the humeral head with the glenoid. Atraumatic bilateral fracture-dislocation of the humerus after epileptic seizure is a very rare event. It is believed that some of these diagnoses have been neglected due to the difficulty of characterizing the patient's pain in a postictal state. The importance of a detailed physical examination shall be emphasized in risk groups such as the polymedicated elderly.


Convulsive seizures caused by hyponatremia occur when this condition is severe and develops quickly, resulting in a brain's adaptive inability to contain brain swelling. Seizures are rarely the cause of shoulder fractures. This is a case report of bilateral humerus fracture following a single epileptic seizure caused by drug hyponatremia, an unconventional event in medical practice. A 69-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency room after a single tonic-clonic seizure with spontaneously ceased sphincter relaxation, showing Glasgow 6. No falls or restraint were reported by observers. When alert, the patient reported pain and difficulty moving both arms. During examination, the movement was li- mited to the right and left. Anteroposterior radiographs revealed bilateral fracture at the neck of humerus. To complement inves- tigation for further lesions, a computed tomography confirmed bilateral fracture-dislocation with impaction of the humeral head with the glenoid. Atraumatic bilateral fracture-dislocation of the humerus after epileptic seizure is a very rare event. It is believed that some of these diagnoses have been neglected due to the difficulty of characterizing the patient's pain in a postictal state. The importance of a detailed physical examination shall be emphasized in risk groups such as the polymedicated elderly.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Seizures/complications , Shoulder Dislocation/etiology , Shoulder Fractures/etiology , Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic/complications , Shoulder Dislocation/surgery , Shoulder Dislocation/rehabilitation , Shoulder Dislocation/diagnostic imaging , Shoulder Fractures/surgery , Shoulder Fractures/rehabilitation , Shoulder Fractures/diagnostic imaging , Radiography , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Physical Therapy Modalities , Amnesia, Anterograde/etiology , Hydrochlorothiazide/adverse effects , Hyponatremia/chemically induced , Antihypertensive Agents/adverse effects
2.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 66(3): 263-267, Mar. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | SES-SP, LILACS | ID: biblio-1136213

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY OBJECTIVES Acute pulmonary embolism (APE) is an important cause of cardiovascular mortality, due mainly to hemodynamic instability. In these cases, the recommendation is to perform some reperfusion procedure, with systemic thrombolysis being the main therapy used. However, national data evaluating the efficacy and safety of thrombolysis are scarce. METHODS Retrospective analysis of a case series. We included 13 patients diagnosed with high-risk APE and 4 patients with intermediate-high risk from a single-center, who were treated with alteplase 100mg. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 55 years, most of them female (76.4%). Among the risk factors for VTE were immobilization (41.17%), contraceptive use (35.29%), cancer (17.63%), and previous history of DVT (11.76%). The most frequent clinical manifestations of APE were dyspnea (88.23%), hypoxia (82.35%), hypotension (82.35%), and tachycardia (64.70%). 82.35% of the patients had echocardiographic signs of right ventricular dysfunction, and 52.94% had increased troponin and BNP. Severe bleeding associated with thrombolysis occurred in 17.54% of cases. No patient died due to bleeding. There were 8 deaths from right ventricular failure (47%), 6 in the cases of patients presenting as high-risk APE (35.3%), and 2 in the cases of intermediate-high risk (11.8%). CONCLUSION Thrombolysis in patients with high-risk APE or intermediate-high risk had a severe bleeding rate of 17.6%. However, the high mortality of this population (47%) due to right ventricular failure justifies the use of this therapeutic modality.


RESUMO OBJETIVOS A embolia pulmonar aguda (EAP) é uma causa importante de mortalidade cardiovascular ao causar instabilidade hemodinâmica. Nesses casos, a recomendação é a realização de algum procedimento de reperfusão, sendo a trombólise sistêmica a principal terapia utilizada. No entanto, dados nacionais avaliando a eficácia e a segurança da trombólise são escassos. MÉTODO Análise retrospectiva de uma série de casos. Foram incluídos 13 pacientes com o diagnóstico de EAP de alto risco e quatro pacientes de risco intermediário-alto, de um único centro, e que foram tratados com alteplase 100 mg. RESULTADOS A média de idade dos pacientes foi 55 anos, sendo a maioria do gênero feminino (76,4%). Dos fatores de risco para TEV, estavam presentes a imobilização (41,17%), o uso de anticonceptivos (35,29%), câncer (17,63%) e história prévia de TVP (11,76%). As manifestações clínicas mais frequentes da EAP foram dispneia (88,23%), hipóxia (82,35%), hipotensão (82,35%) e taquicardia (64,70%); 82,35% dos pacientes apresentaram sinais ecocardiográficos de disfunção ventricular direita e 52,94% apresentaram aumento da troponina e BNP. Sangramento grave associado à trombólise ocorreu em 17,54% dos casos. Nenhum paciente faleceu em decorrência de sangramento. Houve oito mortes por insuficiência ventricular direita (47%): seis nos casos de paciente que se apresentaram como EAP de alto risco (35,3%) e duas nos casos de risco intermediário-alto (11,8%). CONCLUSÃO A trombólise nos pacientes com EAP de alto risco ou risco intermediário-alto apresentou uma taxa de sangramento grave de 17,6%. No entanto, a alta mortalidade dessa população (47%) por insuficiência ventricular direita justifica o uso desta modalidade terapêutica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Pulmonary Embolism/drug therapy , Thrombolytic Therapy/methods , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/drug therapy , Fibrinolytic Agents/therapeutic use , Antifibrinolytic Agents/therapeutic use , Pulmonary Embolism/complications , Pulmonary Embolism/diagnostic imaging , Acute Disease , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Treatment Outcome , Tissue Plasminogen Activator/therapeutic use , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/complications , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/etiology , Ventricular Dysfunction, Right/mortality , Risk Assessment , Fibrinolytic Agents/adverse effects , Hemorrhage/chemically induced , Middle Aged , Antifibrinolytic Agents/adverse effects
3.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Clín. Méd ; 7(6)nov.-dez. 2009.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-533120

ABSTRACT

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A granulomatose de Wegener (GW) é uma vasculite necrosante e granulomatosa de origem idiopática, que acomete pequenas e médias artérias das vias respiratórias altas e baixas e rins. Tem prevalência estimada em 3:100.000 habitantes, não apresenta predomínio por sexo e tem pico de incidência entre a quarta e quinta décadas de vida. O objetivo desse estudo foi relatar e discutir um caso dessa rara doença, reforçando a importância de um diagnóstico precoce, a fim de instituira terapêutica adequada e proporcionar ao paciente uma maior sobrevida. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente do sexo masculino, 55 anos, atendido no pronto-socorro com sintomas relacionados às vias aéreas associado a importante emagrecimento. Alguns achados como proteína C-reativa de 117,6 mg/L, tecido pulmonar necrótico permeado por células inflamatórias, ou até mesmo a titulação do cANCA: reagente até 1/40, mesmo que não sejam exclusivos de GW, juntos auxiliaram na conclusão do diagnóstico. Após exaustiva investigação e suspeição diagnóstica, confirmou-se a hipótese de GW, com subsequente prescrição de tratamento adequado, tendo o paciente evoluído favoravelmente, com remissão completa dos sintomas, sendo encaminhado posteriormente para acompanhamento ambulatorial. CONCLUSÃO: Devido a GW ser uma doença incomum e de difícil diagnóstico, sua hipótese deve ser aventada na presença de quadro clínico sugestivo, determinado principalmente por febre, perda de peso, dispneia, hemoptise, hematúria, poliartralgias e mialgias, com o objetivo de se realizar exames mais aprofundados em relação a essa entidade clínica e se instituir a terapêutica imunossupressora, obtendo assim, uma redução na morbimortalidade e proporcionando uma sobrevida prolongada.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis/diagnosis , Vasculitis
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