ABSTRACT
Diabetes mellitus in canines corresponds to a pathology whose etiopathogenesis has not yet been fully understood, since it has a great similarity with human type 1 diabetes mellitus, but the same risk factors have not been found. New diagnostic methods have been investigated in recent years in diabetic murine models, among which microRNAs have been studied as early markers of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In canines a homology has been found between microRNAs 21, microRNA 34, microRNA 29, and microRNA 146a with those studied in human and murine diabetics. This would imply that the study of these microRNAs may have a great impact on the early detection of diabetes in canines and be a model for the study of new microRNAs that may be implicated in the development of diabetes in humans.
Subject(s)
MicroRNAs/metabolism , Diabetes Mellitus/genetics , Diabetes Mellitus/veterinary , Dog Diseases/genetics , Early Diagnosis , Diabetes MellitusABSTRACT
Because there are not related to synthetic insulin types and their specific use in canine studies in Chile, it became a literature review of the insulins present in Chile most used in dogs, to analyze and discuss data on insulin therapy diabetes mellitus, deepening mainly in the disease either both in its etiology, and epidemiology in our country, which was demonstrated through characterization incidence of canine patients with endocrine diseases at the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Chile between 2012 and 2015. Given the importance of this disease in human endocrinology, it is that studying the effects of various insulins in dogs, can generate an appropriate model level research pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of insulins available in our country, which constitutes the canine model as a suitablemodel of study for human medicine, and generate future scientific research.
Subject(s)
Male , Animals , Female , Dogs , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/epidemiology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/veterinary , Dog Diseases/epidemiology , Dog Diseases/drug therapy , Insulin/therapeutic use , Chile , Prevalence , Sex FactorsABSTRACT
Chitosan is a D-glucosamine polysaccharide derived from chitin that displays an antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi. Objective: to evaluate the antifungal effect of high molecular weight chitosan (HMWC) in clinical strains of Candida spp. Methodology: the susceptibility of forty strains of Candida spp. to HMWC was studied (16 C albicans, 11 C glabrata, 5 C. tropicalis, 5 C krusei, 2 C parapsilosis and 2 C.famatd) by broth microdilution at pH 7.0 and pH 4.0. Results: of 40 strains, only 2 were inhibited at pH 7.0 and corresponded to ATCC control strains (C. krusei 6258 and C parapsilosis 22019). On the other hand, 37/40 strains (92.5 percent) were inhibited by concentrations lower than 1.25 mg/mL of HMWC at pH 4.0. Conclusion: these results show that HMWC, presents activity against clinical Candida spp. strains, including C glabrata, and that this activity is present at acid pH (4.0). This compound could potentially be used in vulvovaginal candidiasis since it occurs at pH 4.0-4.5.