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Rev. gastroenterol. Perú ; 32(1): 11-15, ene.-mar. 2012. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-646586

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Evaluar el efecto de la disponibilidad de un método diagnóstico rápido y preciso de rotavirus sobre la frecuencia en el uso de antibióticos en niños menores de 5 años con diarrea aguda de menos de 5 días de duración del Hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza; Lima, Perú. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio observacional, prospectivo, aleatorizado, controlado, entre Julio 2008 y Enero 2009. Se asignó aleatoriamente 101 pacientes al Grupo A (con prueba de leucocitos fecales) y 100 al Grupo B (con prueba de leucocitos fecales y prueba rápida de rotavirus/adenovirus). Se evaluó en cada grupo la decisión clínica de administrar o no antibióticos. RESULTADOS: No existieron diferencias significativas en el tiempo de enfermedad, edad ni peso entre ambos grupos. Los casos de rotavirus tuvieron leucocitos fecales positivos en un 46.9%. El grado de positividad de los leucocitos fecales se asoció de manera directamente proporcional al uso de antibióticos (P<0.0001). El grupo positivo a rotavirus presentó un mayor riesgo de hospitalización que el grupo negativo a este agente (21.9% vs. 6.3%, P<0.0001). No se registraron muertes atribuibles a diarrea. CONCLUSIONES: La disponibilidad de un diagnóstico rápido y preciso de rotavirus en menores de 5 años con diarrea aguda, redujo significativamente el uso de antibióticos.


OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of a rapid and accurate rotavirus test in the emergency ward on the reduction of antibiotic prescription in children under 5 years old with acute diarrhea at ôArzobispo Loayza National Hospitalõ, Lima, Peru. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed an observational prospective randomized controlled study, from July 2008 to January 2009. Stool samples from patients with diarrhea lasting less than 5 days were analyzed. Out of 201 cases, 101 were classified in Group A (with fecal leukocytes test performed) and 100 in Group B (with fecal leukocytes test and rotavirus/adenovirus test performed). We aimed to associate the signs and symptoms with the decision of prescribing antibiotics and with hospitalization risk. RESULTS: Both groups were comparable with regard to age, weight and illness duration. In patients with rotavirus infection, fecal leukocytes were positive in 46.9% of cases. Frequency of antibiotic use was directly associated with the number of fecal leukocytes (P<0.0001). There was a higher risk of admission in the group positive to rotavirus than in the group negative to this agent (21.9% vs. 6.3, P<0.0001). No diarrhea-attributable deaths were reported. CONCLUSION: The use of rotavirus test in the pediatric emergency room decreased antibiotic prescription in children with diarrhea.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Diarrhea, Infantile , Adenoviridae Infections , Rotavirus Infections/diagnosis , Rotavirus , Prospective Studies , Observational Studies as Topic
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