Spatial-temporal distribution of newly detected HIV/AIDS cases among aged 15 years or older women in China, 2010-2016 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To identify the spatial clustering and its temporal trends among newly detected female HIV/AIDS cases aged 15 years or older, in China from 2010 to 2016. Methods: Newly detected HIV/AIDS cases among aged 15 years or older women in China during 2010-2016 were collected, to describe their demographic characteristics, changing trends and spatial autocorrelation. This program was conducted at county level, using the ArcGIS 10.3. Results: The number of newly detected HIV/AIDS cases among aged 15 years or older women was increasing annually from 16 603 to 26 196 in 2010 and in 2016. As the main route proportion of heterosexual transmission increased from 84.25% (13 988/16 603) in 2010 to 96.29%(25 224/26 196) in 2016. Both the number and proportion of HIV/AIDS cases among elderly women ≥50 years of age increased significantly from 17.82%(2 959/16 603) to 38.10%(9 981/26 196) in 2016. Results from spatial analysis demonstrated a county-level clustered distribution of HIV/AIDS cases across the country with a rising global Moran's I value=0.55 over the years (Z=51.46, P<0.001), which was concentrating on western and southern China, covering 9 provinces/autonomous regions/municipalities (Yunnan, Guangxi, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Guizhou, Guangdong, Chongqing, Henan and Hunan). The temporal trends of hot spots differed by age groups, with the trend of epidemic shifting towards western border and southern coastal regions among women aged 15-49 years old, while the elderly women aged ≥50 years old were spreading northward from the southwestern regions. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that an increasing trend of clusters appeared on HIV epidemic among newly detected female HIV/AIDS cases aged 15 years or older in China, particularly in the western and southern regions. Prevention and intervention strategies should target on women according to their age distribution, particularly in regions with increasing trend of HIV epidemics.

Survey on extramarital sexual behaviors and HIV infection in middle-aged and elderly people aged 50 and above in selected areas of Chongqing / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To know the situation of extramarital sexual behaviors and HIV infection in middle-aged and elderly people in Chongqing, and provide reference for AIDS prevention and treatment. Methods: From October to December 2017, a multi-stage sampling method was used to recruit middleaged and elderly people aged ≥50 years who lived in Dazu and Hechuan districts of Chongqing for at least one year, with a sample size of 410. Face-to-face questionnaires survey and HIV antibody test were conducted. Results: A total of 408 people were surveyed, including 313 males and 95 females aged 50-88 (64.93±9.03) years. The HIV infection rate was 1.47% (6/408), with the rate of 1.28% (4/313) in males and 2.11% (2/95) in females. The awareness rate of AIDS related knowledge was 37.50% (153/408). And 18.87% (77/408) of subjects surveyed reported extramarital sexual behaviors, 7.60% (31/408) reported extramarital sexual behaviors in the past half year, the constant condom use rate was 19.35% (6/31). The results of multivariate logistics model analysis on extramarital sexual behaviors showed that the prevalence in males were 39.51 times higher than that in females (OR=39.51, 95%CI: 5.03-310.30), 4.60 times higher in those who were unmarried, divorced or widowed than that in the married or cohabitants (OR=4.60, 95%CI: 1.50-14.05), 2.03 times higher in those with outside activities than those with individual activities (OR=2.03, 95%CI: 1.08-3.81) and 3.94 times higher in those with self-evaluation of emptiness of living state than that in those with engaged life (OR=3.94, 95%CI: 1.86-8.36). Conclusions: The prevalence of extramarital sexual behavior in middle-aged and elderly people in some counties and districts in Chongqing is high. The factors such as gender, marital status, leisure activities, and self-evaluation of living state were related to the prevalence of extramarital sexual behaviors in this population. The condom use rate in extramarital sexual behavior was low. It is necessary to take effective interventions in this population.