ABSTRACT
Acupuncture regulating gastrointestinal motility has the characteristics of bidirectional benign regulation, acupoint specificity and immediacy. And its regulation is mainly achieved through the "neuro-endocrine-immune" network system. Acupuncture at Neiguan (PC 6) and Hegu (LI 4) to inhibit intestinal peristalsis may have good application value in colonoscopy.
Subject(s)
Acupuncture Points , Acupuncture Therapy , Colonoscopy , Gastrointestinal Motility , PeristalsisABSTRACT
Aim To investigate the pharmacokinetic properties and in vitro enzyme activities of D-a-to- copherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate-modified arginine deiminase cyclodextrin lipid nanoparticles (ACLN). Methods The diacetylmonooxime-thiosem- icarbazide colorimetric method was used to determine the ADI enzyme activity, and the double reciprocal plot method was used to determine the enzyme Michae- lis constants. After the rats were given intravenously free ADI and ACLN, rat plasma samples were taken at different time points to determine the activity of ADI, and the time-enzyme activity curve would be drawn and the pharmacokinetic data analyzed by DAS 2. 1. 1. Re¬sults The optimum temperature for ADI and ACLN was 37 °C and the optimum pH was 6. 5. The Km val¬ ues of free ADI and ACLN were 0. 87 and 0. 74 mmol • L"1, respectively. The Vmai values of free ADI and ACLN were 53.28, 62.50 fjimol • L"' • min"1, re-spectively. The V
ABSTRACT
2-[3-hydroxy-1-adamantyl]-2-oxoacetic acid [IV], a key intermediate of saxagliptin for type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM], was prepared from 1-adamantanecarboxylic acid[I] via oxidation by potassium permanganate[KMnO4] to afford 3-hydroxy-1-adamantanecarboxylic acid [II], which was treated with a one-pot method to give 1-acetyl-3-hydroxyadamantane [III] followed by oxidation. Some key steps were optimized and the overall yield was about 51%