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1.
Invest. clín ; 56(4): 406-410, dic. 2015.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-829034

ABSTRACT

El síndrome de Guillain-Barré (SGB) es la causa más común de parálisis generalizada aguda. El SGB es una polirradiculoneuropatia aguda inflamatoria desmielinizante que generalmente se presenta como una parálisis que inicia en miembros inferiores y luego progresa de forma ascendente y simétrica. El presente trabajo, tiene como objetivo, informar un caso de diplejía facial como manifestación inicial de SGB. Paciente masculino, 37 años de edad, diabético tipo 2, que luego de ocho días de haber padecido una sinusitis aguda, presentó de forma gradual, cefalea hemicraneana derecha, derramamiento salival y disartria. En la exploración neurológica se observó ausencia bilateral de los pliegues frontales, lagoftalmos bilateral acompañado de epífora, signo de Bell bilateral y derramamiento salival a través de ambas comisuras labiales. A las 48 horas de su ingreso hospitalario, presentó paresia en ambos miembros superiores. El estudio del líquido cefalorraquídeo reportó 1,1 células/mm³ representadas en su totalidad por linfocitos de aspecto normal, y proteínas totales 196,9mg/dL. La electromiografía fue compatible con polineuropatía desmielinizante aguda de predominio motor con mayor afectación facial. Con los hallazgos clínicos y paraclínicos se realizó el diagnóstico de SGB. Se inició tratamiento a base de plasmaféresis e inmunoglobulina endovenosa, con posterior mejoría de la clínica. La diplejía facial forma parte de las variantes regionales del SGB. A pesar que cerca del 60% de los pacientes con SGB presentan debilidad facial en el curso del trastorno, ésta habitualmente es precedida por debilidad en extremidades. El presente caso permite evidenciar que el SGB puede debutar clínicamente como una diplejía facial.


The Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is the most common cause of acute generalized paralysis. GBS is an acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. It usually presents as a paralysis that starts in the lower limbs and then progresses symmetrically upward. The present study reports a case of bilateral facial palsy as the initial manifestation of GBS. This is a report of a case of a 37-year-old male, diabetic, that eight days after having suffered acute sinusitis, gradually presented with right hemicranial headache, dysarthria and sialorrhea. The neurological examination disclosed the absence of the bilateral frontal folds, accompanied by epiphora, bilateral lagophthalmos, bilateral Bell sign and salivary drooling through both commissures of lips. At 48 hours after hospital admission the patient showed paresis in both upper limbs. The cerebrospinal fluid analysis reported 1.1cells/mm³, fully represented by lymphocytes of normal aspect and total proteins were 196.9 mg/dL. The electromyography was consistent with acute demyelinating polyneuropathy, with a predominant motor component and a major facial involvement. With the clinical and laboratory findings, a diagnosis of GBS was established. Treatment was started with plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulin, with the subsequent improvement of the clinic. The facial diplegia is part of the regional variants of GBS. Although about 60% of GBS patients present with facial weakness, it is usually preceded by weakness in the limbs. This case makes evident that GBS may present clinically as a facial diplegia.


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Guillain-Barre Syndrome/classification , Facial Paralysis/diagnosis , Venezuela
2.
Invest. clín ; 54(1): 68-73, mar. 2013.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-740337

ABSTRACT

Rhizobium radiobacter es una bacteria Gram-negativa, fijadora de nitrógeno que se encuentra principalmente en el suelo. Rara vez causa infecciones en humanos. Ha sido asociada a bacteriemia secundaria a colonización de catéteres intravasculares en pacientes inmunocomprometidos. El objetivo de este trabajo es informar un caso de endocarditis infecciosa por R. radiobacter. Se trata de paciente masculino, de 47 años de edad, con diagnóstico de enfermedad renal crónica estadio 5 en tratamiento sustitutivo con hemodiálisis, quien acude a centro asistencial por presentar fiebre de dos semanas de evolución. Es hospitalizado, se toman muestras de sangre periférica para hemocultivo y se inicia antibioticoterapia empírica con cefotaxime más vancomicina. El ecocardiograma transtorácico revelo vegetación fusiforme en válvula tricúspide con regurgitación grado III-IV/IV. Al séptimo día del inicio de la antibioterapia el paciente presenta mejoría clínica y paraclínica. La bacteria identificada por hemocultivo es Rhizobium radiobacter resistente a ceftriaxona y sensible a imipenem, amikacina, ampicilina y ampicilina/sulbactam. Debido a la mejoría clínica se decide continuar tratamiento con vancomicina y se anexa imipenem. A los 14 días de iniciada la antibioterapia el paciente es dado de alta con tratamiento ambulatorio con imipenen hasta cumplir seis semanas de tratamiento. En el ecocardiograma control se evidencio ausencia de la vegetación en la válvula tricúspide. Este caso sugiere que R. radiobacter puede ser una causa de endocarditis en pacientes portadores de catéteres intravasculares.


Rhizobium radiobacter is a Gram-negative, nitrogen-fixing bacterium, which is found mainly on the ground. It rarely causes infections in humans. It has been associated with bacteremia, secondary to colonization of intravascular catheters, in immunocompromised patients. The aim of this paper was to report the case of an infective endocarditis caused by R. radiobacter, in a 47-year-old male, diagnosed with chronic kidney disease stage 5, on replacement therapy with hemodialysis and who attended the medical center with fever of two weeks duration. The patient was hospitalized and samples of peripheral blood were taken for culture. Empirical antibiotic therapy was started with cefotaxime plus vancomycin. The transthoracic echocardiogram revealed fusiform vegetation on the tricuspid valve, with grade III-IV/IV regurgitation. On the seventh day after the start of antibiotic therapy, the patient had a clinical and paraclinical improvement. The bacterium identified by blood culture was Rhizobium radiobacter, ceftriaxone-resistant and sensitive to imipenem, amikacin, ampicillin and ampicillin/ sulbactam. Because of the clinical improvement, it was decided to continue treatment with vancomycin and additionally, with imipenem. At 14 days after the start of antibiotic therapy, the patient was discharged with outpatient treatment with imipenem up to six weeks of treatment. The control echocardiogram showed the absence of vegetation on the tricuspid valve. This case suggests that R. radiobacter can cause endocarditis in patients with intravascular catheters.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Agrobacterium tumefaciens/isolation & purification , Catheter-Related Infections/microbiology , Endocarditis, Bacterial/microbiology , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Agrobacterium tumefaciens/pathogenicity , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Bacteremia/etiology , Bacteremia/microbiology , Catheter-Related Infections/drug therapy , Catheter-Related Infections/etiology , Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial , Drug Therapy, Combination , Equipment Contamination , Endocarditis, Bacterial/drug therapy , Endocarditis, Bacterial/etiology , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/etiology , Imipenem/administration & dosage , Imipenem/therapeutic use , Kidney Failure, Chronic/complications , Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy , Renal Dialysis/instrumentation , Subclavian Vein , Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency/etiology , Vancomycin/administration & dosage , Vancomycin/therapeutic use
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