ABSTRACT
The most important vectors of human Plasmodium in the neotropics belong to the subgenus Nyssorhynchus. These species are generally sympatric in terms of their geographical distributions. Some are difficult to identify based solely on examination of adult females using the available morphological keys, in these cases examination of immature stages and male genitalia is required to make correct determinations. However, in epidemiological studies it is necessary to identify the species of adult females which are found near humans, i.e. in studies of malaria transmission or evaluation of control measures. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the discrimination of adult females of different species of Nyssorhynchus isolated mainly from Southern Colombia (department of Putumayo), using morphometric analysis. Adult females were obtained after rearing larvae collected in natural breeding places and from the progeny of females collected on humans. The morphological characteristics of the immature stages allowed the identification of four species of the subgroup Oswaldoi from Southern Colombia: Anopheles rangeli Gabaldon, Cova Garcia & Lopez, An. oswaldoi (Peryassu), An. benarrochi Gabaldon, Cova Garcia & Lopez and An. triannulatus (Neiva & Pinto). The species An. nuneztovari (Gabaldon) from the Northwest of Colombia was included for comparison. Morphometric analysis allowed differentiation of the females of all species to a confidence level approaching 90 percent using principal components analysis of 10 wing and leg variables, followed by canonical variate analysis of the first four principal components. We conclude that morphometrics may represent a useful taxonomic tool for this group and that its use should be further studied
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Female , Anopheles , Cluster Analysis , Colombia , Confidence Intervals , Multivariate Analysis , Principal Component AnalysisABSTRACT
El taponamiento cardíaco no traumático tiene una etiología benigna en el 35 % de los casos y maligna en el 65%. El derrame pericárdico maligno puede aparecer por compromiso neoplásico del pericardio, por obstrucción linfática, secundario a radioterapia o a medicamentos, o por infecciones concomitantes como la tuberculosis. En el presente artículo se presenta el caso de un hombre de 52 años con diagnóstico de CA broncogénico epidermoide estadío III b quien recibía esquema de radioterapia y presentaba un derrame pericárdico severo. Además se hace una revisión de la fisiopatología, enfoque diagnóstico y terapéutico del derrame pericárdico maligno. El paciente con derrame pericárdico maligno constituye un reto en la práctica quirúrgica; su abordaje depende de la severidad del derrame y su estado general. Además se debe enfocar el tratamiento a corto, mediano o largo plazo, de acuerdo con su pronóstico global.
The non-traumatic cardiac obstruction has a benign etiology in the 35% of the cases and a malign etiology in the 65% of them. The malign pericardic effusion can appear due to the neoplasic invasion of the pericardium. But it also can be caused by lymphatic obstruction, radiation therapy, medications or concomitantly with infections such astuberculosis. This article reports the case ofa 52 year-old male with a diagnosis of a stage IIIb bronchoalveolar epidermoid carcinoma, who received radiation therapy and presents a severe pericardial effusion. This article also reviews the state-of-the-art related topathophysiology and a diagnostic and therapeutic approach of the malignant pericardial effusion. The patient with malignant pericardial effusion sets up a challenge in the surgical practice. The approach depends on the severity of the effusion an the patient's general condition. The treatment should be focused on a short, medium or long term according to the global prognosis.