Chimiothérapie neo adjudante dans les cancers localement avances du col utérin chez des patientes recevant une radio chimiothérapie concomitante dans pays aux ressources limitées

Les délais d'attente pour accéder à la radiothérapie sont longs dans note contexte. L'objet de cette étude était d'analyser le résultat de la chimiothérapie néo adjuvante à la radiothérapie dans les cancers localement avancés du col utérin. Patients et méthodes: Nous avons réalisé une étude rétrospective allant d'avril 2014 à avril 2016 au centre de radiothérapie de l'hôpital du Mali. Les patients ont été regroupés selon l'âge, le type histologique, la taille de la tumeur, la classification de la FIGO 2002. Le schéma thérapeutique était une chimiothérapie néo adjuvante associant Paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 et Carboplatine AUC 5 toutes les 3 semaines suivie d'une radiothérapie avec linac 6 MV à la dose de 70 Gy en raison de 5 séances de 2 Gy par semaine faite concomitamment à une chimiothérapie avec du cisplatine à la dose de 40 mg/m2/semaine. La réponse clinique était évaluée à la fin de la chimiothérapie néoadjuvante et de la radiochimiothérapie concomitante. Résultats : Trente patientes ont été incluses dans l'étude. L'âge moyen était de 53.63 ± 8.9 ans. La taille moyenne de la tumeur était de 5,17 cm (2 à 7 cm). Selon la classification FIGO 2002, 10 (33%) étaient en stade IIB distal, 17 (57%) étaient en stade IIIB et 3 (10%) en stade IVA. L'évaluation clinique à la fin de la chimiothérapie néo adjuvante avait retrouvé 17 % de réponses complètes (n=5), 10% de réponses partielles (n=3) 73 % d'évolutions stables (n=22). L'évaluation à la fin de laradiochimiothérapie concomitante avait trouvé une réponse complète chez 27 patientes (90%) et une maladie stable chez 3 (10%). Conclusion - La chimiothérapie néo adjuvante à la chimioradiothérapie concomitante dans les cancers localement avancés du col utérin permet la stabilisation de la tumeur et améliore le control local. En raison des délais d'attente longs pour accéder à la radiothérapie, la chimiothérapie néo adjuvante est une alternative pour stabiliser la maladie et réduire le risque de métastases à distance des cancers du col utérin localement avancés

Phytoplankton community: indicator of water quality in the Armando Ribeiro Gonçalves Reservoir and Pataxó Channel, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil / Comunidade fitoplanctônica: indicadora da qualidade da água no Canal do Pataxó/RN

The current study analysed spatial-temporal modifications of the phytoplankton community and water quality, during dry and wet seasons. The phytoplankton community was studied in three areas: Armando Ribeiro Gonçalves Reservoir (ARG), which is an important public use reservoir in RN, Pataxó Channel (PC-before water treatment), Itajá, RN, and after the water treatment (WTP). Water samples from the reservoir were collected during both dry (January, February and November, 2006) and wet seasons (March to June, 2006). Quali-quantitative analyses of phytoplankton were carried out. Results indicated a qualitative similarity of the phytoplankton community in the three areas. However, significant differences were registered in these areas in relation to species relative abundance, with dominance of potentially toxic cyanobacteria, such as Planktothrix agardhii Gomont (dry season) and Microcystis aeruginosa Kutz (wet season). Ecological indexes obtained higher values before water treatment. Nevertheless, densities of cyanobacteria (organisms/mL) gradually reduced in the waters of the reservoir and of the Pataxó Channel before and after water treatment. After the treatment, density values of cyanobacteria were adequate for human consumption, according to the values established by the Health Ministry.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as mudanças espaço-temporais da comunidade fitoplanctônica e a qualidade da água, durante os períodos de estiagem e de chuvas. A comunidade fitoplanctônica foi estudada em três estações distintas: na Barragem Armando Ribeiro Gonçalves (ARG - um importante reservatório de abastecimento público no RN), no Canal do Pataxó (PC - antes do tratamento da água), Itajá, RN; e depois da Estação de Tratamento da Água (WTP). Na barragem foram realizadas amostras da água em ambos os períodos de estiagem (janeiro, fevereiro e novembro 2006) e de chuvas (março a junho 2006). A metodologia compreendeu análises quali-quantitivas do fitoplâncton. Os resultados indicaram uma semelhança qualitativa da comunidade fitoplanctônica nos três pontos de estudo. Contudo, ocorreram diferenças significativas entre a abundância relativa das espécies, com a dominância de cianobactérias potencialmente tóxicas, como Planktothrix agardhii Gomont (período de estiagem) e Microcystis aeruginosa Kutz (período de chuvas), nas três áreas estudadas. Os índices ecológicos obtiveram maiores valores antes da Estação de Tratamento da Água. Todavia, as densidades de cianobactérias (organismos/mL) diminuíram gradativamente nas águas da barragem, canal antes e após o tratamento, tornando-se, após o tratamento da água, apropriada ao consumo humano, segundo os valores preconizados pelo Ministério da Saúde.

Increased production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in whole blood cultures from children with primary malnutrition

Because low tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production has been reported in malnourished children, in contrast with high production of TNF-alpha in experimental protein-energy malnutrition, we reevaluated the production of TNF-alpha in whole blood cultures from children with primary malnutrition free from infection, and in healthy sex- and age-matched controls. Mononuclear cells in blood diluted 1:5 in endotoxin-free medium released TNF-alpha for 24 h. Spontaneously released TNF-alpha levels (mean ± SEM), as measured by enzyme immunoassay in the supernatants of unstimulated 24-h cultures, were 10,941 ± 2,591 pg/ml in children with malnutrition (N = 11) and 533 ± 267 pg/ml in controls (N = 18) (P < 0.0001). TNF-alpha production was increased by stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), with maximal production of 67,341 ± 16,580 pg/ml TNF-alpha in malnourished children and 25,198 ± 2,493 pg/ml in controls (P = 0.002). In control subjects, LPS dose-dependently induced TNF-alpha production, with maximal responses obtained at 2000 ng/ml. In contrast, malnourished patients produced significantly more TNF-alpha with 0.02-200 ng/ml LPS, responded maximally at a 10-fold lower LPS concentration (200 ng/ml), and presented high-dose inhibition at 2000 ng/ml. TNF-alpha production a) was significantly influenced by LPS concentration in control subjects, but not in malnourished children, who responded strongly to very low LPS concentrations, and b) presented a significant, negative correlation (r = -0.703, P = 0.023) between spontaneous release and the LPS concentration that elicited maximal responses in malnourished patients. These findings indicate that malnourished children are not deficient in TNF-alpha production, and suggest that their cells are primed for increased TNF-alpha production.

Etude Ethnopharmacologique traditionnelle de quelques plantes medicinales antihelmintiques de la Republique de Guinee

La situation generale de la Republique de Guinee en tant que milieu d'etude a ete examinee. Les helminthes parasites intestinaux sont representes d'apres un recensement des especes les plus frequentes qui sont au nombre de 7. Le recensement a ete fait a partir des registres d'examen coprologique des hopitaux de Kouroussa; Kankan; Siguiri et Kerouane (quelques prefectures de la province de Kankan; Haute Guinee). Une investigation ethnobotanique a permis d'obtenir une liste synoptique de 89 especes de plantes medicinales qui ont ete ensuite etudiees

Drug resistance in salmonella strains isolated from raw sewage in Rio de Janeiro.

Amostras de Salmonella isoladas de esgotos do Rio de Janeiro foram examinadas para se verificar a presenca de especimes resistentes a drogas. Em contraste com um levantamento realizado em 1970, quando nao foram encontradas amostras resistentes, o presente trabalho revelou a ocorrencia de 31% (39/126) de amostras resistentes a pelo menos uma droga. Todas as linhagens multiresistentes foram capazes de transferir os marcadores respectivos para receptoras adequadas, Os isolados apresentaram o serotipo S. tryphimurium, con excecao de duas amostras, caracterizadas como S. agona. Duas dentre as 39 amostras resistentes e duas dentre 87 amostras sensiveis as drogas usadas eram colicinogenicas. Noventa por cento (29/32) dos determinantes transferiveis eram do tipo Fi

Epidemiologia da resistencia plasmidial a drogas em salmonelas isoladas em esgotos da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. / Epidemiology of plasmid drug resistance in salmonella isolated from sewage of Rio de Janeiro

13,2% das salmonelas isoladas em esgotos da cidade do Rio de Janeiro apresentaram plasmidios R transferiveis a 37 graus C. e pertencentes ao grupo Fi. Todas as salmonelas eram do grupo B (15 S. typhimurim e 2 S. agona), sugerindo pressoes seletivas para tais plasmidios, atuando em humanos ou animais domesticos susceptiveis a infeccoes por este grupo de microrganismos