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1.
Bol. Hosp. Viña del Mar ; 77(3-4): 58-60, 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1398367

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El dolor musculoesquelético es una consulta común en la adultez y su etiología generalmente es banal. Sin embargo, hay que tener presente que los procesos neoplásicos pueden causar este síntoma. El estudio con imágenes puede entregar valiosa información complementaria cuando los primeros síntomas derivan de la infiltración de los tejidos y el compromiso de las series hematológicas es discreto y asintomático. En el caso de la Leucemia Linfoblástica Aguda, las lesiones osteolíticas severas pueden ser la primera manifestación de la enfermedad por lo que su consideración es fundamental para el diagnóstico temprano. Caso clínico: paciente de 26 años, sin antecedentes mórbidos, con cuadro de dolor lumbar de inicio sub-agudo de 2 semanas de evolución, sin respuesta a analgesia, que evoluciona con elevación de parámetros inflamatorios y fiebre. Ante diagnóstico de lumbago con banderas rojas se solicita estudio con RNM con contraste que muestra lesiones sugerentes de síndrome linfoproliferativo. El estudio con mielograma e inmunohistoquímica confirmó el diagnóstico de Leucemia Linfoblástica Aguda. El paciente fue derivado a Servicio de Hematología para resolución con buena evolución posteriormente. Discusión y conclusiones: El dolor lumbar en el adulto es en general de tipo mecánico, respondiendo a manejo ambulatorio, no siendo necesario indagar en el estudio salvo que se acompañe de banderas rojas. Existen pocos reportes en la literatura de lumbago como debut de leucemia linfoblástica aguda en el adulto. El estudio con imágenes en estos casos es fundamental, más aún en ausencia de síntomas clásicos de leucemia y alteraciones en el perfil hematológico.


Introduction: Musculoskeletal pain is a frequent cause of consultation in adults and its etiology is generally banal. However, it should be borne in mind that neoplastic processes can cause this symptom. When the first symptoms are caused by tissue infiltration and the complete blood count is only mildly affected and asymptomatic, imaging studies can provide valuable complementary information. Severe osteolytic lesions may be the first sign of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, so their consideration is fundamental for early diagnosis. Clinical case: 26 year old patient, with no medical history presented with two weeks of sub-acute lumbar pain with no response to analgesia, then developed elevated inflammatory parameters and fever. Contrast MRI done because of a red flagged diagnosis of low back pain, showed lesions suggestive of a lymphoproliferative syndrome. The bone marrow biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. The patient was referred to Hematology for treatment and follow up and had a satisfactory clinical outcome. Discussion and conclusions: Low back pain in adults is generally mechanical and responds to outpatient treatment, there being no need of study unless there are red flags. There are few reports in the literature of lumbago as the presenting symptom of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in adults. In these cases, imaging studies are fundamental, particularly so in absence of classic symptoms of leukemia and alterations in the hematological parameters.

2.
Bol. Hosp. Viña del Mar ; 77(3-4): 66-69, 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1398487

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) tiene varias presentaciones clínicas. Es un estado protrombóticoquegeneracomplicacionesvascularesendiferentesórganos. Se presenta un caso de paciente con COVID-19 que cursa con tromboembolismo pulmonar (TEP) y accidente cerebrovascular (ACV), se realiza una revisión del tema. Caso clínico: Mujer de 71 años hospitalizada por neumonía por COVID-19, evoluciona estable, pero por destete dificultoso se solicita angioTAC de tórax que confirma TEP bibasal, se inicia anticoagulación subcutánea. A las 36 horas cursa con compromiso cuantitativo de conciencia súbito, TAC de cerebro confirma ACV isquémico de tronco. Por condiciones de paciente se realiza adecuación de esfuerzo terapéutico y fallece. Discusión: COVID-19 es una enfermedad sistémica con un compromiso difuso del endotelio vascular y una intensa respuesta inflamatoria, generando una coagulopatía caracterizada por tendencia a la trombosis venosa, de la microcirculación, y en menor medida arterial, siendo parte esencial de la fisiopatología de la insuficiencia respiratoria y elevado riesgo de tromboembolismo. Esta paciente presentaba factores de riesgo para TEP y ACV(edad, hipertensión arterial, obesidad), sin embargo, COVID-19 fue un factor de riesgo adicional a pesar de ya haber superado el cuadro agudo respiratorio y estando con tromboprofilaxis y posterior anticoagulación. Conclusiones: COVID-19 es un factor de riesgo adicional para enfermedad tromboembólica, por lo que se debe indicar tromboprofilaxis a dosis habituales hasta disponer de nueva evidencia que avale dosis mayores. Se debe estar atento a la presencia de estas complicaciones incluso tras haber superado el cuadro agudo de la infección respiratoria.


Introduction: Coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) has various clinical presentations. It is a prothrombotic state causing vascular complications in different organs. We present the case of a COVID-19 patient who suffers a pulmonary embolism (PE) and a stroke; the topicis reviewed. Clinical case: 71 year old woman hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia, stable clinical course. Because of difficulty in weaning, chest CT angiography is done confirming bibasilar PE, and subcutaneous anti- coagulation is initiated. 36 hours later she suffers an abrupt loss of consciousness, and a cerebral CT scan confirms a brain stem stroke. Therapy is adjusted because of the patient's deterioration and the patient dies. Discussion: COVID-19 is a systemic disease with diffuse involvement of vascular endothelium and has an intense inflammatory response, generating a coagulopathy characterized by atendency to thrombosis of the veins, micro-circulation and, to a lesser extent, arteries, being an essential part of the pathophysiology of respiratory failure and the high risk of thromboembolism. This patient had risk factors for PE and stroke (age, hypertension, obesity), however, COVD-19 constituted an additional risk factor despite having overcome the acute respiratory infection and receiving thromboprophylaxis and, later, anti-coagulation. Conclusions: COVID-19 is an additional risk factor for thromboembolic disease and thromboprophylaxis should be given at the usual dose until new evidence supports the administration of higher doses. These complications should be borne in mind, even after the initial respiratory infection has been overcome.

3.
Bol. Hosp. Viña del Mar ; 75(2-3): 52-54, 2019.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1399166

ABSTRACT

El concepto de género no conforme o más conocido como transgénero, corresponde a un grupo de personas que no se identifican con el género asignado al nacer y/o aquellos cuya expresión de género no cae en la definición de masculino o femenino. Desde el punto de vista médico, debemos considerar que la población transgénero es un grupo de riesgo, ya que padecen mayores comorbilidades, principalmente por patología psiquiátrica y riesgo social. Desde la perspectiva de la atención en salud, existen sin duda barreras que van desde las aseguradoras que ofrecen nula o poca cobertura de prestaciones tales como terapia hormonal, apoyo psicológico y cirugía de reconstitución, hasta la atención del personal de salud, conllevando esto a que un 30% de los pacientes transgénero pospone o no consulta por temor a ser discriminado. Específicamente en los programas de residencia de ginecología y obstetricia en EE.UU, un estudio reportó que sólo un 51% contemplaba en su programa de educación el cuidado de pacientes transgénero. La mayoría de los residentes considera que se trata de un tema importante que debe ser incluido en los programas de formación.


Transgender people, also known as gender non-conforming people, are those who do not identify with the gender assigned to them at birth and/or those whose gender expression cannot be defined as feminine or masculine. The transgender population has more comorbidity, mainly psychiatric, and has higher social risk, making them a risk group from a medical point of view. There are doubtless barriers to health care ranging from lack of health insurance coverage for hormonal therapy, psychological support and reconstructive surgery to the attitude of healthcare professionals which results in 30% of transgender patients not attending healthcare for fear of being discriminated against. In the U.S.A only 51% of gynecological and obstetric residence programs address the care of transgender patients. Most residents consider it an important issue which should be included in training programs.

4.
Res. Biomed. Eng. (Online) ; 33(1): 11-20, Mar. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-842477

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have been the focus of research in recent years due to its high mortality rate. It is estimated that 17.5 million people died of CVD in 2012, from which 7.4 million were due to coronary heart disease (CHD). In order to monitor CHD patients and avoid waste of specialists' time, this study proposes the development of a method that segments the area contained by stent struts from Frequency Domain Intravascular Optical Coherence Tomography (the latest technology to view vessels internally) of coronary arteries. Methods The novelty of this study is to find areas comprised by stent struts using two optimal strategies that are robust even with false positives and false negatives detection of stent struts. The first one uses an ellipse fitting algorithm and the other uses a cylinder fitting algorithm. Results Both strategies obtained similar accuracy results close to 98% of true positives, but the cylinder technique showed a run time of at least 50 times higher than the ellipse technique. Conclusion The methods were executed on 443 images with different characteristics showing robustness and usefulness in the medical area.

5.
Rev. colomb. psicol ; 23(2): 325-338, jul.-dic. 2014. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-742657

ABSTRACT

El presente estudio tuvo como propósito comprender el aporte que tiene el empleo de las redes sociales en la percepción de la amistad de adolescentes de dos colegios privados. Se realizó una investigación de tipo cualitativo hermenéutico-interpretativo y se utilizó la entrevista de grupo focal como estrategia de recolección de información. Los resultados indicaron que la configuración del concepto de amistad se realiza a partir de cuatro categorías: Empatía, Intimidad, Aporte al Crecimiento Personal e Incondicionalidad. También se encontró que las redes sociales, ayudan al mantenimiento de las relaciones de amistad, principalmente porque superan los límites espacio-temporales y aportan al establecimiento de nuevas amistades al facilitar la comunicación cuando se carece de habilidades sociales.


The purpose of this study was to understand the contribution of social networks to the perception of friendship among adolescents from two private schools. The research methodology was qualitative and hermeneutical, and focus group interviews served as the information collection strategy. Findings indicated that the construction of the concept of friendship is based on four categories: Empathy, Intimacy, Contribution to Personal Growth, and Unconditionality. Social networks were also found to help maintain relations of friendship mainly because they transcend spatiotemporal boundaries and contribute to the establishment of new friendships by facilitating communication when individuals lack social skills.


O presente artigo teve como propósito compreender a contribuição que o emprego das redes sociais tem na percepção da amizade de adolescentes de dois colégios particulares. Realizou-se uma pesquisa de tipo qualitativo hermenêutico-interpretativo e utilizou-se a entrevista de grupo focal como estratégia de coleta de informação. Os resultados indicaram que a configuração do conceito de amizade se realiza a partir de quatro categorias: empatia, intimidade, contribuição ao crescimento pessoal e incondicionalidade. Também se constatou que as redes sociais ajudam na manutenção das relações de amizade, principalmente porque superam os limites espaço-temporais e contribuem para o estabelecimento de novas amizades ao facilitar a comunicação quando se carece de habilidades sociais.

6.
Rev. bras. eng. biomed ; 29(1): 32-44, jan.-mar. 2013. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-670972

ABSTRACT

No ano 2010, doenças cardiovasculares (CVD) causaram 33% do total das mortes no Brasil. Tomografia Ótica Coerente Intravascular (IOCT) é uma tecnologia que oferece imagens in vivo para detecção e monitoramento da progressão de CVD. O exame de IOCT permite mais precisão no diagnóstico; contudo, ainda é pequena a variedade de métodos quantitativos aplicados a IOCT na literatura, em comparação à outras modalidades relacionadas. Portanto neste trabalho é proposto um método de segmentação do lúmen, baseado em uma combinação de Fuzzy Connectedness, com múltiplas funções de afinidade, e Operações Morfológicas. As funções de afinidade usadas neste trabalho são: (I) Clássica, (II) Pesos Dinâmicos e (III) Bhattacharyya. Esta última é baseada no coeficiente de Bhattacharyya, utilizado habitualmente para speckle tracking. Primeiro, características não desejadas da imagem são atenuadas. Depois, informações da parede do vaso são obtidas utilizando Fuzzy Connectedness e um processo de binarização dinâmico. Finalmente, operações morfológicas são realizadas para melhorar o lúmen segmentado. Para avaliar o método proposto, um conjunto de 130 imagens advindas de humanos, porcos, e coelhos foram segmentadas e comparadas com seus respectivos "Gold Standards" feitos por especialistas. Uma média de verdadeiros positivos (TP%) = 98,08 e de falsos positivos (FP%) = 2,34 foram obtidas. Com isso, o método proposto resultou em uma maior eficácia do que os estudos publicados anteriormente, encorajando seu uso.


In 2010 cardiovascular disease (CVD) caused 33% of the total deaths in Brazil. Intravascular Optical Coherent Tomography (IOCT) is an imaging technology that provides in vivo detection and monitoring of the progression of coronary heart disease. IOCT exam allows more accurate diagnoses; nonetheless, the set of quantitative methods applied to IOCT in the literature is small compared to other related modalities. Therefore, the proposed approach presents a lumen segmentation method, based on a combination of Fuzzy Connectedness, with multiple affinity functions, and Morphological Operations. The affinity functions used in this work are: (I) classical, (II) Dynamic weights (III) Bhattacharyya. The latter is based on the Bhattacharyya coefficient, commonly used for speckle tracking. Firstly, unwanted features of the image are attenuated. Then, vessel-wall information is obtained using Fuzzy Connectedness and dynamic binarization process. Finally, morphological operations are performed to improve the segmented lumen. To evaluate the proposed method, a set of 130 images from humans, pigs and rabbits were segmented and compared to their corresponding gold standard made by experts. An average of true positive (TP%) = 98.08, and false positive (FP%) = 2.34 were obtained. Hence, the use of the proposed method is suggested since it has yielded higher efficiency than previously published studies.

7.
Rev. colomb. rehabil ; 11(1): 56-67, 2012. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-909978

ABSTRACT

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo comprender las Representaciones Sociales que tienen los diferentes actores de la comunidad educativa de 10 colegios públicos de Bogotá, frente a las experiencias de Inclusión Escolar de estudiantes con limitación visual. Las representaciones sociales son definidas como maneras espe-cíficas de entender y comunicar la realidad. Se realizo un estudio de enfoque cualitativo, hermenéutico- inter-pretativo; la estrategia de Investigación fue el estudio de caso y la técnica de recolección de información fue la entrevista de grupo focal. Se realizó un Análisis de Dominio (Spradley, 1979) que permitió comprender las representaciones sociales presentes en el discurso de los participantes. La información obtenida fue analizada a partir de las siguientes categorías: Necesidades y Expectativas, Prácticas y Significado de la discapacidad. Los resultados de esta investigación permiten concluir que si bien, existen contenidos compartidos en algunas de las representaciones sociales que han construido los diferentes actores de la comunidad educativa en relación con los procesos de inclusión escolar de estudiantes con limitación visual, también evidencian diferencias entre ellos a partir de su rol, experiencia y relación con esta condición. Se generó conocimiento en relación con las creencias y prácticas educativas que tienen los diferentes actores involucrados en las experiencias de inclusión escolar de personas con limitación visual.


The aim of this research study was to understand the social representations of different stakeholders at 10 Bogota's public schools, related with students' experiences all of them with visual impairment. Nowadays, Social representations are defined as specific ways to understand and communicate the reality. We realized a qualitative study approach which research strategy was the case study and data collection technique was the focus group interview. We used adomainanalysis(Spradley, 1979)by understand the social representation-sin participant's discourse. The information obtained wasanalyzed fromthe following categories: Needs and Expectations, Practices andMeaningof Disability. By our results we concluded that in spitethere aresomesha-red contentin social representations there are somedifferences between different stakeholders associated with theirrole, experience and relationship with this condition. New knowledge was generated about educational practices and beliefs related with differents takeholders involved in the experiences of educational inclusion of students with visual impairment


Subject(s)
Humans , Vision, Ocular , Academic Performance , Research , Science, Technology and Society
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