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1.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 73(5): 415-419, 05/2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-746501

ABSTRACT

Objective To evaluate the risk factors and comorbid conditions associated with the development of pneumonia in patients with acute stroke. To determine the independent predictors of pneumonia. Method Retrospective study from July to December 2011. We reviewed all medical charts with diagnosis of stroke. Results 159 patients (18-90 years) were admitted. Prevalence of pneumonia was 32%. Pneumonia was more frequent in patients with hemorrhagic stroke (OR: 4.36; 95%CI: 1.9-10.01, p < 0.001), higher National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) (p = 0.047) and, lower Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) (p < 0.0001). Patients with pneumonia had longer hospitalization (p < 0.0001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified NIHSS as an independent predictor of pneumonia (95%CI: 1.049-1.246, p = 0.002). Conclusion Pneumonia was associated with severity and type of stroke and length of hospital stay. The severity of the deficit as evaluated by the NIHSS was shown to be the only independent risk factor for pneumonia in acute stroke patients. .


Objetivo Avaliar os fatores de risco e as comorbidades associadas ao desenvolvimento de pneumonia em pacientes com acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) agudo. Determinar os preditores independentes de pneumonia. Método Estudo retrospectivo, realizado entre julho e dezembro de 2011. Foi revisado todos os prontuários dos pacientes com diagnóstico de AVC. Resultados 159 pacientes (18-90 anos) foram admitidos. A incidência de pneumonia foi de 32%. A incidência de pneumonia foi maior em pacientes com AVC hemorrágico (OR: 4,36; IC95%: 1,9-10,01, p < 0,001) e em pessoas com escore alto National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) (p = 0,047) e escores mais baixos da Escala de Coma de Glasgow (ECG) (p < 0,0001). Os pacientes com pneumonia tiveram maior tempo de internação (p < 0,0001). A análise de regressão logística identificou apenas o NIHSS como um preditor independente de pneumonia (IC95%: 1,049-1,246, p = 0,002). Conclusão O diagnóstico de pneumonia foi associado a tipo e gravidade do AVC e com tempo de hospitalização. A gravidade do déficit, avaliada pela escala NIHSS mostrou ser o único fator de risco independente para pneumonia em pacientes com AVC agudo. .


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Emergency Service, Hospital , Pneumonia/etiology , Stroke/complications , Acute Disease , Glasgow Coma Scale , Length of Stay , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Statistics, Nonparametric
2.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 61(3A): 566-573, Sept. 2003. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-345769

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the value of leaving seizure-free patients on low-dose medication. METHOD: This was an exploratory prospective randomized study conducted at our University Hospital. We evaluated the frequency of seizure recurrence and its risk factors following complete or partial antiepileptic drug (AED) withdrawal in seizure free patients for at least two years with focal, secondarily generalized and undetermined generalized epilepsies. For this reason, patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (complete AED withdrawal), and Group 2 (partial AED withdrawal). Partial AED withdrawal was established as a reduction of 50 percent of the initial dose. Medication was tapered off slowly on both groups. Follow-up period was 24 months. RESULTS: Ninety-four patients were followed up: 45 were assigned to complete (Group 1) AED withdrawal and 49 to partial (Group 2) AED withdrawal. Seizure recurrence frequency after two years follow-up were 34.04 percent in group 1 and 32.69 percent in Group 2. Survival analysis showed that the probability of remaining seizure free at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after randomization did not differ between the two groups (p = 0.8). Group 1: 0.89, 0.80, 0.71 and 0.69; group 2: 0.86, 0.82, 0.75 and 0.71. The analysis of risk factors for seizure recurrence showed that more than 10 seizures prior to seizure control was a significant predictive factor for recurrence after AED withdrawal (hazard ratio = 2.73). CONCLUSION: Leaving seizure free patients on low AED dose did not reduce the risk for seizure recurrence. That is, once the decision of AED withdrawal has been established, it should be complete


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Anticonvulsants , Epilepsy , Drug Administration Schedule , Follow-Up Studies , Pilot Projects , Prognosis , Prospective Studies , Random Allocation , Recurrence , Regression Analysis , Risk Assessment , Seizures , Time Factors
3.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 60(3B): 788-796, Sept. 2002. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-325496

ABSTRACT

A epilepsia generalizada idiopática (EGI) frequentemente näo é diagnosticada corretamente em adultos, com sérias consequências para os pacientes. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os fatores mais frequentemente associados a dificuldades no diagnóstico diferencial entre epilepsias parciais e generalizadas em adultos. Avaliamos 41 pacientes com diagnostico de crises parciais complexas com elementos de anamnese e EEG indicando um possível diagnóstico diferencial. Foi possível a mudança do diagnóstico de epilepsia parcial para EGI em 25 pacientes: 22 (88 por cento) com EMJ; um com ausência juvenil, um com síndrome de ausências com mioclonias periorais e um com ausência com mioclonias palpebrais. Mioclonias, uma das características da EMJ e outras formas de EGI, geralmente näo eram espontaneamente relatadas pelos pacientes. Abalos mioclônicos unilaterais eram confundidos com crises parciais motoras. Ausências breves e pouco frequentes e anormalidades focais no EEG contribuíram para o näo reconhecimento de EGI. Todos os 25 pacientes apresentavam crises sem controle adequado antes da revisäo diagnóstica. Após o diagnóstico correto e mudança para monoterapia com acido valpróico ou valproato de sódio, 19 (76 por cento) ficaram livre de crises e seis (24 por cento) dos 25 pacientes apresentaram melhora significativa. A associaçäo de lamotrigina em três destes pacientes propiciou reduçäo significativa da frequência de crises. Em conclusäo, anamnese detalhada e questionamento direcionado para determinar a presença de mioclonias e crises tipo ausência e a sua interpretaçäo no contexto clínico säo fundamentais para o diagnóstico correto das EGI em adultos


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Adolescent , Epilepsies, Partial , Epilepsy, Generalized , Age of Onset , Diagnosis, Differential , Electroencephalography , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
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