Protective effects of a transgenic carrot vaccine on piglet diarrhea / 대한수의학회지

The study evaluated whether a transgenic carrot vaccine could induce a K88-specific immune response in sows and whether the resultant maternal antibody could protect piglets against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88ac infection. Sows (n = 15) selected randomly from a farm in Korea were assigned to three groups (n = 5 per group: control [untreated]), group A (orally inoculated with a non-transgenic and transgenic carrot vaccines at 2 and 4 weeks ante partum, respectively), and group B (conventionally vaccinated according to the manufacturer's instructions). After 7 days of lactation, 5 piglets selected randomly from each group were challenged with 1 x 1010 colony forming units/mL ETEC K88ac. Group C had the lowest mean fecal consistency score on post-challenge days 1 and 7. Histiologically, On post-challenge day 7, group C showed an increased duodenum and ileum villus:crypt ratio, compared to group A in the duodenum, with group B displaying the highest ratio. Groups B and C had more increased villus width than group A in the jejunum. Group C displayed the greatest increase in villus width in the ileum. The colostrums and serum from groups B and C displayed higher concentrations of IgA and IgG against ETEC K88, compared to group A. Based on the results, it was concluded that the transgenic carrot vaccine in sow per oral may have an effect on preventing piglet diarrhea as good as commercial recombinant vaccine.

The Proteomics Approaches to Find Bio-Markers in Serum of Locally Advanced Breast Cancer Patients / 한국유방암학회지

PURPOSE: Breast cancer continues to be a major cause of death, despite the advances in the study of many prognostic factors. Although many prognostic factors have been studied, none reliably predict the response to treatment. This uncertainty in the prognostic factors could be overcome by defining the changes, occurring in patients at either the gene or protein level. Herein, attempts were made to examine the protein repertoire of patients using Proteomics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using conventional Proteomics, the high resolution 2-D electrophoresis followed by computational image analysis(Melanie program) and protein identification with mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF), the serum of locally advanced breast cancer patients (stage III) was analyzed, and attempts were made to define the differences between recurred (or metastasis) patients ,and disease free patients of more than 4-years duration after surgery. RESULTS: In the 2-D electrophoresis of serum, about 1,000 spots were gained in each gel, with the up and down expressed protein spots compared to the normal control protein map. Six of seven patients had Cytokeratin 9 in their peripheral blood. In the serum of recurred patients (one of two), no Haptoglobin-related proteins were detected. All five un-recurred patients had normal or elevated levl of serum Haptoglobin-related proteins. CONCLUSIONS: The reduction of Haptoglobin-related proteins indicated the humoral immuno-depression in recurred patients. These findings may suggest the continuation of proper humoral immunity was important in the prevention of cancer recurrences or metastasis after surgery, especially in locally advanced breast cancer patients, which may suggests the value of immunotherapy in breast cancer patients to obtain good results.

The Proteomics Approaches to Find Bio-Markers in Serum of Locally Advanced Breast Cancer Patients / 한국유방암학회지

PURPOSE: Breast cancer continues to be a major cause of death, despite the advances in the study of many prognostic factors. Although many prognostic factors have been studied, none reliably predict the response to treatment. This uncertainty in the prognostic factors could be overcome by defining the changes, occurring in patients at either the gene or protein level. Herein, attempts were made to examine the protein repertoire of patients using Proteomics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using conventional Proteomics, the high resolution 2-D electrophoresis followed by computational image analysis(Melanie program) and protein identification with mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF), the serum of locally advanced breast cancer patients (stage III) was analyzed, and attempts were made to define the differences between recurred (or metastasis) patients ,and disease free patients of more than 4-years duration after surgery. RESULTS: In the 2-D electrophoresis of serum, about 1,000 spots were gained in each gel, with the up and down expressed protein spots compared to the normal control protein map. Six of seven patients had Cytokeratin 9 in their peripheral blood. In the serum of recurred patients (one of two), no Haptoglobin-related proteins were detected. All five un-recurred patients had normal or elevated levl of serum Haptoglobin-related proteins. CONCLUSIONS: The reduction of Haptoglobin-related proteins indicated the humoral immuno-depression in recurred patients. These findings may suggest the continuation of proper humoral immunity was important in the prevention of cancer recurrences or metastasis after surgery, especially in locally advanced breast cancer patients, which may suggests the value of immunotherapy in breast cancer patients to obtain good results.

Investigation of Early Protein Changes in the Urinary Bladder Following Partial Bladder Outlet Obstruction by Proteomic Approach

We investigated the pathophysiological mechanism by proteomic approach as a possible tool to detect the marker proteins to develop lower urinary tract symptoms following bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). Rats were randomized into 3 groups; control, sham operation and BOO groups. BOO group was divided into 1, 3, and 5 day-group. Conventional proteomics was performed with high resolution 2-D gel electrophoresis followed by computational image analysis and protein identification using mass spectrometry using rat urinary bladders. A comparison of bladder of BOO group with control bladder showed that three proteins of optineurin, thioredoxin and preprohaptoglobin were over-expressed in the bladder of BOO group. In addition, four proteins, such as peroxiredoxin 2, transgelin, hippocampal cholinergic neurostimulating peptide (HCNP) and beta-galactoside-binding lectin, were under-expressed in the bladder of BOO group. These data supported that downregulation of HCNP might make detrusor muscle be supersensitive to acetylcholine, up-regulation of optineurin means the protection of nerve injury, and down-regulation of transgelin means the decreased contractility of detrusor muscle. Beside these proteins, other proteins are related to oxidative stress or have a nonspecific function in this study. However more information is needed in human bladder tissue for clinical usage.

Proteomic Approach for Identifying Marker Proteins in the Urinary Bladder Precancerous Conditions Induced by BBN(N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine) / 대한비뇨기과학회지

PURPOSE: Simple and noninvasive methods for the diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder are needed for the prevention of invasive tumor. A proteomic technology has recently been developed to facilitate protein profiling of biological mixtures. We investigated the role of this proteomic approach as a possible tool to detect the marker protein during the initiation stages on BBN-induced bladder carcinogenesis in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten rats group A were given 0.05% BBN in drinking water for 12 weeks. Ten rats in group B were designated as a control group and were not given BBN. Whole urinary bladders of all rats were excised at 12 weeks from the beginning of the experiment. Conventional proteomics was performed with high resolution 2-D gel electrophoresis followed by computational image analysis and protein identification using mass spectrometry. RESULTS: A comparison of urinary bladder hyperplasia tissue with control tissue showed that five proteins; actin gamma2 propeptide, cytokeratin-20, proapolipoprotein, alpha2 actin(alpha-cardiac actin) and heat shock 27kDa protein 1 were over-expressed in hyperplastic tissues. Three protein; transcription factors, seminal vesicle secretory protein VI precursor and hypothetical protein RMT-7 were under-expressed in hyperplastic tissues. CONCLUSIONS: In an animal model system, BBN-induced, urinary bladder mucosal hyperplasia resulted in an increase in five proteins and a decrease in three proteins. Of these altered proteins, CK-20 and SVS-VI seem to be important. The proteomic approach may be a simple and noninvasive method for monitoring and follow-up of bladder cancer patients. However more information is needed regarding CK-20 expression in nonmalignant urological disease and in human tumor tissue, and regarding SVS-VI expression in other organs, for clinical usage.