Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Five Indoles or Indazole Amide Synthetic Cannabinoids in Suspected E-Cigarette Oil by GC-MS / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To establish the GC-MS qualitative and quantitative analysis methods for the synthetic cannabinoids, its main matrix and additives in suspicious electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) oil samples.@*METHODS@#The e-cigarette oil samples were analyzed by GC-MS after diluted with methanol. Synthetic cannabinoids, its main matrix and additives in e-cigarette oil samples were qualitatively analyzed by the characteristic fragment ions and retention time. The synthetic cannabinoids were quantitatively analyzed by using the selective ion monitoring mode.@*RESULTS@#The linear range of each compound in GC-MS quantitative method was 0.025-1 mg/mL, the matrix recovery rate was 94%-103%, the intra-day precision relative standard deviations (RSD) was less than 2.5%, and inter-day precision RSD was less than 4.0%. Five indoles or indazole amide synthetic cannabinoids were detected in 25 e-cigarette samples. The main matrixes of e-cigarette samples were propylene glycol and glycerol. Additives such as N,2,3-trimethyl-2-isopropyl butanamide (WS-23), glycerol triacetate and nicotine were detected in some samples. The content range of synthetic cannabinoids in 25 e-cigarette samples was 0.05%-2.74%.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The GC-MS method for synthesizing cannabinoid, matrix and additive in e-cigarette oil samples has good selectivity, high resolution, low detection limit, and can be used for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analysis of multiple components; The explored fragment ion fragmentation mechanism of the electron bombardment ion source of indole or indoxamide compounds helps to identify such substances or other compounds with similar structures in cases.

Exploration of the Essence of "Endogenous Turbidity" in Chinese Medicine / 中国中西医结合杂志

The essence of endogenous turbidity in Chinese medicine (CM) is different from cream, fat, phlegm, retention, damp, toxicity, and stasis. Along with the development of modern scientific technologies and biology, researches on the essence of endogenous turbidity should keep pace with the time. Its material bases should be defined and new connotation endowed at the microscopic level. The essence of turbidity lies in abnormal functions of zang-fu organs. Sugar, fat, protein, and other nutrient substances cannot be properly decomposed, but into semi-finished products or intermediate metabolites. They are inactive and cannot participate in normal material syntheses and decomposition. They cannot be transformed to energy metabolism, but also cannot be synthesized as executive functioning of active proteins. If they cannot be degraded by autophagy-lysosome or ubiquitin-prosome into glucose, fatty acids, amino acids, and other basic nutrients to be used again, they will accumulate inside the human body and become endogenous turbidity. Therefore, endogenous turbidity is different from final metabolites such as urea, carbon dioxide, etc., which can transform vital qi. How to improve the function of zang-fu organs, enhance its degradation by autophagy-lysosome or ubiquitin-prosome is of great significance in normal operating of zang-fu organs and preventing the emergence and progress of related diseases.

Relationship of circulating Thl7/Treg ratio with hepatitis B e-antigen loss in chronic HBV infection patients receiving enticarvir(ETV) antiviral treatment / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To investigate the relation of Treg/Th17 ratio with HBeAg loss in chronic HBV infection patients during enticarvir antiviral treatment. Methods: The sera and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from the enrolled chronic HBV infection patients and healthy controls at different time points of enticarvir antiviral treatment. The HBV markers, HBV-DNA, serum alanine transaminase(ALT), the HBV-specific IL-17 levels, and the frequencies of Th17, Treg cells in PBMCs were determined. Results: HBV-DNA and Treg cell frequencies were decreased and the frequency of Th17 cells was rapidly increased in all patients; the secretion of IL-17 decreased upon specific stimulation with HBcAg. Therapy induced inhibition of HBV replication led to great decrease of Treg/Th17. The decrease of Treg/Th17 ratio was closely related to loss of serum HBeAg at the fourth week. Conclusion: Inhibition of viral replication can not only reduce the activity of Th17 cells, but also quickly decrease the Treg/Th17 ratio. The Treg/Th17 ratio at the fourth week can serve as a marker for the effect of entacavir treatment for chronic hepatitis B.

Analysis of the result of 409 cases with liver cirrhosis and severe hepatitis by using the model for end-stage liver disease / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the influence of the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) results in 409 cases with liver cirrhosis and severe hepatitis and compare with Child-Pugh scoring system.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The data of 409 patients with liver cirrhosis and severe hepatitis were collected and analyzed by using the Child-Pugh and MELD scoring systems, and Chiss statistical software was applied.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There is a statistical significance between either results of MELD of group A, B, C, D; there is a statistical significance between either group in total serum bilirubin and creatinine, but not in INR.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The changes in total serum bilirubin and creatinine can influence the result significantly, not the INR, and a better way to predict the prognosis of severe liver disease may be application of MELD combined with clinical experience.</p>

Research about the expression changes of CNTF and CGRP in the rabbits' model of neuroma-in-continuity / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective In view of being short of the mammalian model in neuroma-in-continuity,the experiment injured the part of peroneal nerve to the formation of the neuroma-in-continuity and was applied to the foundation of farther research.Methods Twelve New Zeland rabbits were selected as experimental sub- jects randomly.One lateral peroneal nerves of twelve rabbits were resected,the damaged nervous tissues' slice were showed to the typical pathological changes of neuroma by the stain of HE,luxol fast blue after six weeks. As compared with the health sides of six model rabbits,the methods of real-time PCR and Western blot were used to evaluate the expression of CNTF,CGRP mRNA and protein in injured nerves and L_7、S_1 dorsal root ganglions respectively.Results The injured nerve formed the typical pathological changes of neuroma at six weeks.Compared with hea|thg side the expression of CNTF mRNA and protein was down-graded at the lateral of neuroma(P＜0.05),and the expression of CGRP mRNA and protein was up-graded(P＜0.05).Con- clusion The method of partly injuring the peroneal nerve could effectively set up the model of the neuroma-in- continuity,furthermore,resulted to the expression changes of the CNTF,CGRP mRNA and protein.