Tea consumption and cancer: a Mendelian randomization study / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: A Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed to assess the relationship between tea consumption and cancer. Methods: There were 100 639 participants with the information of gene sequencing of whole genome in the China Kadoorie Biobank. After excluding those with cancer at baseline survey, a total of 100 218 participants were included in this study. The baseline information about tea consumption were analyzed, including daily tea consumption or not, cups of daily tea consumption, and grams of daily tea consumption. We used the two-stage least square method to evaluate the associations between three tea consumption variables and incidence of cancer and some subtypes, including stomach cancer, liver and intrahepatic bile ducts cancer, colorectal cancer, tracheobronchial and lung cancer, and female breast cancer. Multivariable MR and analysis only among nondrinkers were used to control the impact of alcohol consumption. Sensitivity analyses were also performed, including inverse variance weighting, weighted median, and MR-Egger. Results: We used 54, 42, and 28 SNPs to construct non-weighted genetic risk scores as instrumental variables for daily tea consumption or not, cups of daily tea consumption, and grams of daily tea consumption, respectively. During an average of (11.4±3.0) years of follow-up, 6 886 cases of cancer were recorded. After adjusting for age, age2, sex, region, array type, and the first 12 genetic principal components, there were no significant associations of three tea consumption variables with the incidence of cancer and cancer subtypes. Compared with non-daily tea drinkers, the HR (95%CI) of daily tea drinkers for cancer and some subtypes, including stomach cancer, liver and intrahepatic bile ducts cancer, colorectal cancer, tracheobronchial and lung cancer, and female breast cancer, are respectively 0.99 (0.78-1.26), 1.17 (0.58-2.36), 0.86 (0.40-1.84), 0.85 (0.42-1.73), 1.39 (0.85-2.26) and 0.63 (0.28-1.38). After controlling the impact of alcohol consumption and performing multiple sensitivity analyses, the results were similar. Conclusion: There is no causal relationship between tea consumption and risk of cancer in population in China.

A method for measuring the ADCP potency of anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody / 药学学报

A method to measure the antibody-dependent cell-mediated phagocytosis (ADCP) potency of anti-CD38 mAb was developed based on design of experiment (DoE) with a Jurkat/NFAT/CD32a-FcεRIγ transgenic cell line as the effector cell, the Daudi cell line as the target cells, and luciferase as the detection system. The DoE method was used for optimization of experimental parameters and methodological validation. The results show that anti-CD38 mAb exhibits a dose-response relationship with the following four-parameter equation: y = (A - D) / [1 + (x / C)B] + D. Several experimental parameters were optimized by statistical experimental design and determined as follows: the working concentration of anti-CD38 mAb was 800-20.81 ng·mL-1, the density of the target cells was 7.5×104 per well, and the density of effector cells was 2.5×104 per well, with an induction time of 6 h. The method showed good specificity. The recovery rate for samples from 5 different groups showed that the relative potencies of anti-CD38 mAb were (59.97 ± 4.74) %, (82.44 ± 5.15) %, (110.69 ± 11.71) %, (129.23 ± 5.22)% and (162.15 ± 3.66) %. The recoveries ranged from 103% to 120% and the RSDs of the above results were all less than 11%. The linear detection range was 50%-150%. Based on DoE design, this method for measuring ADCP potency of anti-CD38 mAb was optimized and validated with good specificity, repeatability and accuracy. This method can be used for evaluation of ADCP biological activity of anti-CD38 mAbs.

The pulmonary pharmacokinetics and anti-inflammatory effect of anemoside B4 after intratracheal and intravenous administration / 药学学报

Anemoside B4 (B4), a main triterpenoid saponin from a traditional Chinese medicine plant, Pulsatilla chinensis, is a novel anti-inflammatory agent for protection from acute lung injury. We investigated the pulmonary availability and anti-inflammatory efficacy of B4 after intratracheal and intravenous dosing with a view to evaluating the suitability of inhalation delivery. All animal studies were performed under the guidelines approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (Approval No: SLXD-20181113046). In vitro evaluation of the aerodynamic characteristics and droplet size distribution showed that the aerosols generated by a commercially available nebulizer were well deposited in the respiratory tract. Following intratracheal administration, B4 underwent pulmonary absorption into the bloodstream, rendering an absolute bioavailability of 103%. Compared to intravenous delivery, intratracheal administration dramatically increased the drug availability in lung tissue of rats by more than 1 000-fold, leading to improved and prolonged concentrations of B4 in lung tissue up to 48 h. In addition, the intratracheal administration of B4 resulted in dose-dependent and prolonged anti-inflammatory efficacy in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lung injury model in mice. The present results demonstrate that inhalation delivery of B4 is a promising approach to treat pulmonary inflammation with once-daily dosing.

Value assignment study on bioactivity of monoclonal antibody working reference standard / 药学学报

The bioactivity of a working reference standard was determined by replicate bioassays with calibration against a primary reference standard. In this study the number of bioassay replicates needed for calibration first was calculated theoretically, and if the mean value of the experimental bioassay replicates fell within the predefined bioactivity level the bioactivity of the working reference was defined as 100%. Our results showed that when the total intermediate precision of the bioassay method was at 11.66% and the predefined bioactivity level was set at 95%-105% with a confidence level of 95%, 21 bioassay replicates should be carried out for calibration. The average value of the 22 experimental bioassay replicates was 101.96%, so the bioactivity of the working reference standard was consistent with that of the primary reference standard at 100%. The results suggest that a strategy of first calculating the number of bioassay replicates needed for calibration and then determining whether the resulting experimental mean value is within the predefined bioactivity level will be of value to the biopharmaceutical industry.

Advance in Transplantation Rehabilitation Based on Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

Transplantation is one of the clinical surgical methods to reconstruct and restore the function of the body. However, patients undergoing transplantation may develop various degrees of dysfunction and secondary physiological, psychological and social problems before and after operation. Transplantation rehabilitation based on enhanced recovery after surgery can improve the dysfunction and quality of life of patients. This paper introduced the conception of transplantation rehabilitation, and reviewed the application of transplantation rehabilitation in respiratory system, cardiovascular system, musculoskeletal system, cognition and nervous system, psychological and other aspects.

Development of a Novel Optimization and Validation Method Based on DOE for the ADCC Potency of Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Monoclonal Antibodies Using Reporter Genes / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To develop a novel optimization and validation method based on design of experiment(DOE) for the antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) potency of anti-programmed cell death 1 and anti-programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) monoclonal antibodies using reporter genes. METHODS: Jurkat-hFcγRIIIa-NFAT transgenic cell line was used as effector cells, 293FT-PD-1 cell line and CHO-PD-L1 cell line were used as target cells, respectively. The ADCC potency for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies was detected with Luciferase detection system (BrightGloTM Luciferase Assay system), then the method was optimized and validated based on DOE. RESULTS: The anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies showed a dose-response relationship and the determination result complied with the following four-parameter equation: y=(A-D)/+D. The method was optimized and the testing parameters were determined as follows: the working concentration of anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody was 10 000 ng•mL-1 to 4.833 ng•mL-1 and that of anti-PD-L1 was 2 000 ng•mL-1 to 0.488 ng•mL-1, the ratio of effector cells and target cells for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies were 6:1 and 3:1, and the induction time for both of these antibodies was 20 h. The method possessed good specificity. The recovery rate test samples in the four different dilution groups were determined for 3 times, and the results showed that the relative potencies of anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody were (51.74±2.22)%, (77.12±3.14)%, (118.71±2.83)% and (156.20±12.99)%, and the recoveries of which were (103.49±4.44)%, (102.83±4.19)%, (94.96±2.26)% and (104.14±8.66)%, respectively. While as for anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody, the relative potencies were (54.32±4.75)%, (75.24±4.25)%, (127.40±2.43)%, (156.82±3.27)% and the recoveries were (108.64±9.51)%, (100.33±5.67)%, (101.92±1.94)% and (104.55±2.18)%, respectively. The RSDs of the above results were all less than 10%. CONCLUSION: A novel optimization and validation method based on DOE for detecting ADCC potency of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 mAb is successfully developed. This detecting method based on reporter gene shows high specificity, good reproducibility and high accuracy, and might be used in the evaluation of ADCC potency of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 mAb.

Protective effect of Fuzheng Yanggan Mixture on drug-induced liver injury / 中国中药杂志

The model of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) induced by acetaminophen (APAP) in mice was established to investigate the anti-oxidation and anti-ferroptosis mechanisms of Fuzheng Yanggan Mixture on DILI. C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into five groups: control group, model group, positive group, and low and high-dose Fuzheng Yanggan Mixture groups (0.12, 0.24 g·kg⁻¹). Mice were intragastrically administration with Fuzheng Yanggan Mixture (0.12, 0.24 g·kg⁻¹) once per day for 21 consecutive days, and at the same time, mice were weighted every day. The mice were injected intraperitoneally with 600 mg·kg⁻¹ of APAP to establish a mouse model of acute DILI after 16 h from the last administration of Fuzheng Yanggan Mixture. After 6 h from APAP challenge, the experimental animals were weighted and sacrificed to collect blood and liver tissue samples. And then, the effect of Fuzheng Yanggan Mixture on liver weight and the liver weight ratio of mice were examined; the content of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the serum and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) in the liver tissue were measured. Prostaglandinendoperoxide synthase 2(ptgs2) mRNA level in liver tissues was detected by Q-PCR, and protein expression levels of SLC7A11 and GPX4 in liver tissues were detected by Western blot. Moreover, HE staining, immunohistochemical assay and TUNEL staining were used to observe pathological changes of the liver tissue sections. It is found that Fuzheng Yanggan Mixture could relieve APAP-induced liver enlargement and inhibit hepatic weight ratio increase. Compared with model group, the mice in Fuzheng Yanggan Mixture groups showed decreases in the content of ALT, AST and MDA, and increases in the content of GSH and NADPH. What is more, Fuzheng Yanggan Mixture could down-regulate ptgs2 mRNA level and up-regulate SLC7A11 and GPX4 protein levels. All of the results lead to a conclusion that Fuzheng Yanggan Mixture plays a protective effect on DILI in mice, which may be associated with the inhibition of ferroptosis.

Bibliometric Study on Acupuncture Both in China and Abroad / 医学信息学杂志

The paper analyzes aspects such as publication time,distribution of countries and regions,institutional cooperation,periodical co-citation relationship,study direction and hot spots of acupuncture related literature collected by the Web of Science database from 2012 to 2016 and points out that acupuncture study level still has room to increase.

The tyrosine kinase inhibitor nintedanib activates SHP-1 and induces apoptosis in triple-negative breast cancer cells

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains difficult to treat and urgently needs new therapeutic options. Nintedanib, a multikinase inhibitor, has exhibited efficacy in early clinical trials for HER2-negative breast cancer. In this study, we examined a new molecular mechanism of nintedanib in TNBC. The results demonstrated that nintedanib enhanced TNBC cell apoptosis, which was accompanied by a reduction of p-STAT3 and its downstream proteins. STAT3 overexpression suppressed nintedanib-mediated apoptosis and further increased the activity of purified SHP-1 protein. Moreover, treatment with either a specific inhibitor of SHP-1 or SHP-1-targeted siRNA reduced the apoptotic effects of nintedanib, which validates the role of SHP-1 in nintedanib-mediated apoptosis. Furthermore, nintedanib-induced apoptosis was attenuated in TNBC cells expressing SHP-1 mutants with constantly open conformations, suggesting that the autoinhibitory mechanism of SHP-1 attenuated the effects of nintedanib. Importantly, nintedanib significantly inhibited tumor growth via the SHP-1/p-STAT3 pathway. Clinically, SHP-1 levels were downregulated, whereas p-STAT3 was upregulated in tumor tissues, and SHP-1 transcripts were associated with improved disease-free survival in TNBC patients. Our findings revealed that nintedanib induces TNBC apoptosis by acting as a SHP-1 agonist, suggesting that targeting STAT3 by enhancing SHP-1 expression could be a viable therapeutic strategy against TNBC.

Effect of vitamin D3 on maturation and antigen-presenting function of dendritic cells treated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the phenotypic characteristics and functional capability differences of mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells after stimulation with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the presence or absence of vitamin D3.@*METHODS@#Mouse bone marrow-derived cells were cultured with GM-CSF (20 ng/mL). Then, one was added with 100 nmol/L of 25(OH)D3, while the other did not. On day 6, 5 μg/mL of BCG was added to stimulate the cells for 24 h. On day 7, suspension cells were harvested for phenotypic and functional analyses.@*RESULTS@#The percentages of CD86 dendritic cells (DCs) in the control group and 25(OH)D3 group were 66.97% ± 8.29% and 52.18% ± 8.52%, respectively; the mean fluorescence intensities of MHC-II in the control group and 25(OH)D3 group were 1 102.16 ± 371.02 and 681.62 ± 292.71. The expression levels of MHC- II and CD86 on the surface of the DCs in 25(OH)D3 group were significantly lower than those of the control group. The ability of the DCs to stimulate proliferation of T-lymphocytes was also significantly lower than that of the control group.@*CONCLUSIONS@#These findings suggest that 25(OH)D3 modulates the immune response by affecting the maturation and function of DCs in Mycobacterium tuberculosis period.

Effect of vitamin D3 on maturation and antigen-presenting function of dendritic cells treated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Objective: To investigate the phenotypic characteristics and functional capability differences of mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells after stimulation with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the presence or absence of vitamin D3. Methods: Mouse bone marrow-derived cells were cultured with GM-CSF (20 ng/mL). Then, one was added with 100 nmol/L of 25(OH)D3, while the other did not. On day 6, 5 μg/mL of BCG was added to stimulate the cells for 24 h. On day 7, suspension cells were harvested for phenotypic and functional analyses. Results: The percentages of CD86 dendritic cells (DCs) in the control group and 25(OH)D3 group were 66.97% ± 8.29% and 52.18% ± 8.52%, respectively; the mean fluorescence intensities of MHC-II in the control group and 25(OH)D3 group were 1 102.16 ± 371.02 and 681.62 ± 292.71. The expression levels of MHC- II and CD86 on the surface of the DCs in 25(OH)D3 group were significantly lower than those of the control group. The ability of the DCs to stimulate proliferation of T-lymphocytes was also significantly lower than that of the control group. Conclusions: These findings suggest that 25(OH)D3 modulates the immune response by affecting the maturation and function of DCs in Mycobacterium tuberculosis period.

Development of a novel reporter gene method for determination of ADCC potency of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody / 药学学报

The biological activity of ADCC by anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody was determined by BioGlo™ Luciferase Assay System using Jurkat/NFAT-luc+FcγRIIIa cell line as effector cell and WIL2-S cell line as target cell. The developed method was verified for specificity, precision and accuracy. Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody showed a dose-response mode by the developed method, and the determination result complied with the following four-parameter equation: y = (A-D)/[1 + (X/C)(B)] + D. The optimized parameters of the method were determined including the antibodies diluted concentration (18,000 ng·mL(-1)), dilution rate (1:5), the ratio of effector cell and target cell (6:1), and induction time (6 h). The values of eight independent tests have passed a statistical test for curve regression analysis, linear or parallelism, which showed the method possessed good specificity. Four different dilute groups of recovery rates sample were determined for 3 times, and the result showed mean relative potencies of (44.39±3.93)%, (72.74±2.78)%, (128.28±7.01)% and (168.19±2.70)% respectively, with a variation coefficient of less than 10%, and the recoveries of (88.78±7.85)%, (96.99±3.70)%, (102.63±5.61)% and (112.12±1.80)% respectively. A novel reporter gene method for determination of biological activity of ADCC by anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody was successfully developed, which showed strong specificity, good reproducibility and high accuracy, and might be used routinely.

Application of trend analysis in quality control of anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the trend in quality control of anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody. METHODS: The biological activity of anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) was monitored by the proliferation inhibition with CellTiter 96® AQueous Assay kit using BT474 cells as target, and the potency of anti-HER2 mAbs was calculated by comparison with the reference standard using the method of parallel analysis. Cation exchange chromatography method was used to detect the purity by calculating the area percentage of the main peak according to the area normalization method. Ultraviolet spectrophotometry was used to detect the protein content. And pH was detected by potential method. The warning limit (x±2s) and action limit (x±3s) were defined according to the determination results of several batches of anti-HERmAb by National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC) and the quality control laboratory of manufacturer, based on which the trend graph was plotted, and the consistent and periodic trend of anti-HER2 mAb were analyzed. RESULTS: The potencies of 74 batches of anti-HER2 antibodies from a certain enterprise during 2012 to 2014 were analyzed. The products and reference standard both showed a dose-response effect in biological activity, presenting parallel straight lines on semilog coordinate paper. The potencies determined by NIFDC and the manufacturer were (1.04±0.11)×104 and (0.94±0.08)×104U·mg-1, respectively. And the protein contents were (442.15±13.59) and (442.07±6.60) mg·vial-1. The main peak areas of IEC-HPLC were (76.29±1.36)% and (73.76±1.17)%, while the pHs were (6.16±0.11) and (6.22±0.08), respectively. The consistent and periodic trend analysis of the above-mentioned results showed that the total trend was relatively steady. CONCLUSION: This is the first time to conduct trend analysis of critical quality attributes (CQA) of anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody. These results reveal the quality changes of the products, which would help a lot in evaluating the batch consistency and production stability, and also provide reference for trend analysis of critical quality attributes for other monoclonal antibodies.

Determination of drug antibody ratio in an antibody-drug conjugate / 药学学报

This paper reports the determination of the drug antibody ratio in an antibody-drug conjugate with two methods, i.e. LC-MS and UV/VIS, and to provide a reliable method to scientifically evaluate and effectively control the drug antibody ratio. Deglycosylated sample was analyzed with C4 column followed by MS, and the number of conjugated drugs in the antibody was determined by the molecular weight increase due to the addition of different number of drugs to the antibody, and then drug antibody ratio was calculated by weighted average of different number of drugs conjugated to the antibody. Optical density at 252 and 280 nm was measured with UV/VIS, and due to the difference of extinction coefficients between the antibody and the drug, the drug antibody ratio was calculated from linear equation with two unknowns. The drug antibody ratio was 3.21 and 3.25 respectively measured by the two methods, and the results were similar with the two methods. Our study indicated that both methods, LC-MS and UV/VIS, could be applied to the analysis of drug antibody ratio of the antibody drug conjugate.

Discussion on relationship between soft tissue tension and cervical physiological curvature change of patients with scapular muscle fasciitis / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discuss the relative association of soft tissue tension and cervical physiological curvature chang in patients with scapula muscle fasciitis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From February 2012 to December 2012,29 patients with scapula muscle fasciitis were investigated. There were 10 males and 19 females with an average age of 27.77 years old (ranged from 22 to 40 years old). Routine AP and lateral cervical X-rays were done in all patients. Cervical lordosis was measured according to Borden's method and the pain point tension was measured by soft tissue tension meter. Finally,perform statistic analysis to bove data.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Lateral X-rays showed 9 cases were normal cervical lordosis, 18 cases were cervical lordosis decreased, 2 cases were cervical lordosis increased. The regression equation of cerical lordosis changes D(Y) and soft tissue tension displacement D0.5 kg (X) was Y = -15.069 + 3.673X.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There is linear relationship between soft tissue tension and cervical physiological curvature change. With the soft tissue tension increases, the cervical lordosis trend to decrease.</p>

Clinical evaluation of stiletto needle for pain of knee osteoarthritis / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To objectively evaluate the clinical efficacy of stiletto needle for pain of knee osteoarthri tis (KOA), and analyze its function mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventy-six cases of KOA (76 knees) were selected. Under the guide of Jingjin theory in TCM, stiletto needle was applied at pain point of Jingjin in extra-articular area to have a loose solution effect, 1 to 3 points were selected each time, 1 to 2 times of treatment were required. The results of tenderness measurement instrument was adopted as main evaluation index of joint pain, and all data of evaluation indices before and after the treatment were statistical analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were significant differences in visual analogue scale (VAS) score, tenderness score, HSS function score and movement range of joint before and after the treatment (all P < 0.05). The effective rate of stiletto needle therapy was 89.5%. There was apparent regression trend between VAS score and tenderness score with Y (VAS) = 7.841-1.569 X (tenderness score) as its regressive equation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The stiletto needle therapy is an effective method to relieve the pain of knee osteoarthritis, and its clinical efficacy evaluation could be more objective and digital with tenderness measurement instrument.</p>

Idiopathic hyperammonemia after chemotherapy with vinorelbine, topotecan, and cisplatin in a patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia

Idiopathic hyperammonemia [IHA] had been reported in some patients with hematological malignancy after receiving intensive chemotherapy, following bone marrow transplantation, or after using 5-fluorouracil for some solid tumors. The chemotherapeutic agents involved include cytarabine, daunomycin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, amsacrine, etoposide, asparaginase, busulfan, and methotraxate, all used for treating hematological malignancies. No previous reports have described the association between idiopathic hyperammonemia and combined chemotherapy with vinorelbine, topotecan, and cisplatin. We describe a 20-year-old girl with normal liver function and relapsed precursor B-lymphoblastic leukemia receiving the modified TVTG [topotecan, vinorelbine, thiotepa, dexamethasone, and gemcitabine] protocol to control her disease. We used cisplatin [30 mg/m[2]/day] to replace thiotepa on day 3 because thiotepa was not available in Taiwan. The patient developed acute idiopathic hyperammonemia after 5 days of chemotherapy and died 9 days after chemotherapy. To our knowledge, this patient is the first report of the association of hyperammonemia and chemotherapy with vinorelbine, topotecan, and cisplatin in the English literature

Retroperitoneal laparoscopy combined with urethral resection for treatment of renal pelvic carcinoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The purpose of this study is to explore the operation method and efficacy through retroperitoneal laparoscopy combined with urethral resection for treatment of renal pelvic carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Total nephroureterectomy with excision of bladder cuff by retroperitoneal laparoscopy plus urethral resection was performed in 18 patients with pathologically confirmed pelvic transitional cell carcinoma (II-III, T1N0M0-T2N0M0). The operation was performed using Olympus celioscope (30 degrees or 0 degree) under general anesthesia. First, a 10 mm incision was made at the intersection of midaxillary line and superior border 2 cm from crista iliaca, then a self-made hyponome filled with 250-300 ml water was put through the small incision in order to open the retroperitoneal space, followed by getting the hyponome out and perfusing CO2 into the retroperitoneal space to make a pneumoretroperitoneum. Finally, the celioscope was put into the retroperitoneal space to operate. During the operation, electric coagulation was used to stop bleeding and the bladder was not irrigated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The operation was successfully performed in 18 patients without any complication. The operative time ranged from 150 to 190 min with a mean of 160 min. The hospital stay after operation was 7 to 10 days. There was no tumor recurrence or metastasis or implantation in all these patients after follow-up of 1-19 months.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compared with regular operation mode, retroperitoneal laparoscopy plus urethral resection for treatment of renal pelvic carcinoma is a minimally invasive treatment with less bleeding and quick recovery.</p>

Clinical observation of the effects of FE combined enzymes on the infection of the granulation burn wound during late post burns stage / 中华烧伤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of combined FE enzymes on the infection of the granulation burn wound during late postburn stage in controlling burn wound infection caused by common antibiotic resistant bacteria.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty patients in our burn ward were enrolled and were randomly divided into A [treated with combined FE enzymes (50 ml dissolved in 0-150 ml normal saline to reach the final concentration of 1-3 U/ml)] and B (treated with gentamicin) groups, with 15 patients in each group. Several layers of gauze, either soaked with combined FE enzyme in A or gentamicin in B group, were used to cover the burn wounds once to twice a day. Bacterial culture from the burn wound exudation before and after drug administration was done before the application of the agents. The bacteria in the burn wounds and their susceptibility to antibiotics were identified. The healing time of the burn wounds was recorded. Furthermore, the healing rate of the burn wound was recorded on the 3rd, 5th, 8th, 10th and 12th post skin grafting days (PSGD).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The dominating bacteria in the burn wounds in both groups were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae and MRSA. The susceptibility rate of bacteria ( MRSA, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus saprophyte, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae) to combined FE enzyme was 93.8%, 100.0%, 100.0%, 100.0%, 100.0% and 95.0% respectively, which were much higher than those in B group (17.6%, 31.3%, 28.6%, 44.0%, 33.3%, 28.0% respectively, P < 0.1. The wound healing time after skin grafting in A group (10.6 +/- 1.5 days) was significantly shorter than that in B group (15.3 +/- 1.7 days, P < 0.01). The wound healing rate on 10 PSGD in A group was (85.4 +/- 2.4)%, and which was only (51.3 +/- 1.5% in B group (P < 0.01)</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Combined FE enzyme can effectively control burn wound infection, so that the interval between skin grafting and wound healing can be shortened and success rate of skin grafting be improved.</p>

Chemical constituents from the seeds of Annona squamosa / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To study the antitumor active constituents of the seeds from Annona squamosa L. (Annonaceae).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Various chromatographic techniques were used to isolate and purify the constituents. Their physico-chemical properties and spectral data were determined to elucidate the structures.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Eleven compounds were isolated and identified as annonaceous acetogenins: squamocenin (1), annotemoyin-2 (2), reticulatain-2 (3), squamocin-I (4), squamocin-B (5), squamocin (6), motrilin (7), squamostatin-D (8), squamostatin-E (9), cherimolin-1 (10), cherimolin-2 (11) from the ethyl alcohol extract of A. squamosa L.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Squamocenin (1) is a new acetogenin. Annotemoyin-2 (2) and reticulatain-2 (3) were isolated from this plant for the first time.</p>