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Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a mesenchymal-derived growth factor, which is widely used in the basic and clinical research of pediatric multi-system due to various biological functions.As a protective factor for lung tissues, HGF has significant biological effects on enhancing lung tissue development, stimulating DNA production of lung epithelial cells, repairing lung microvascular endothelial cells, inhibiting apoptosis induced by lung injury, and delaying pulmonary fibrosis.HGF is closely related to the occurrence and development of respiratory diseases in children.This study aims to review the physiological characteristics of HGF and the mechanism in children′s respiratory diseases.
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Objective:To explore the application value of automated machine learning (autoML) model in predicting the risk of preeclampsia in the first trimester.Methods:From January 2017 to October 2020, 2 180 singleton pregnant women who were registered in Jinan Second Maternal and Child Health Hospital and underwent pregnancy examination at 12 weeks of gestation were selected. The pregnant women were divided into preeclampsia group (103 cases) and control group (2 077 cases) according to the occurrence of preeclampsia. The differences in clinical data and hematological indexes in the two groups were compared, and the correlation between each index and the risk of preeclampsia was analyzed too. All the pregnant women were randomly divided into training set and test set according to the ratio of 7∶3, and the autogluon autoML algorithm was used to build a variety of machine learning models, and training and cross-validation were performed in the training set to compare the accuracy of the different models. The importance of each index in the autoML model was analyzed, and the autoML model and the logistic regression model were used to predict the risk of preeclampsia in pregnant women in the test set respectively, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the prediction performance of the autoML and the logistic regression model.Results:The age, pre-pregnancy body mass index, body mass index at 12 weeks of gestation, waist circumference at 12 weeks of gestation, proportion of drinking history, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), platelet distribution width (PDW), mean platelet volume, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and β-human chorionic gonadotropin were all significantly higher than those in the control group (all P<0.05), and the free tri-iodothyronine (free T3), free thyroxine (free T4), placental growth factor (PIGF), soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) were all significantly lower than those in the control group (all P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the correlation between pre-pregnancy body mass index, body mass index at 12 weeks gestation, waist circumference at 12 weeks gestation, hs-CRP, triacylglycerol, AST, TSH, free T3, free T4, β-HCG, PIGF, sFlt-1, PAPP-A and preeclampsia risk were obviously higher; but the correlation between each index were lower. A total of 18 models in 8 categories were constructed with the autoML model algorithm, and the neural network _L2 based on FastAI had the highest accuracy in the training set (0.963) and the validation set (0.971). The TSH, LDL-C, PDW, waist circumference at 12 weeks of gestation, sFlt-1, AST were more important in the model, while the free T4, total cholesterol, pregnancy times, drinking history, parity and family history of hypertension were less important indicators. The area under the ROC curve of the autoML model for predicting the risk of preeclampsia in the first trimester was significantly higher than that of the logistic regression model (0.984 vs 0.765, P=0.002), while there was no statistical difference in the prediction accuracy of the two prediction models in the training set ( P>0.05). The prediction accuracy and sensitivity of the autoML model in the test set were both significantly higher than those of the logistic regression model (99.54% vs 98.32%, 93.75% vs 75.00%, both P<0.05). Conclusions:Factors such as TSH, LDL-C, PDW, waist circumference, sFlt-1 and AST in the first trimester of pregnancy have a certain correlation with the risk of preeclampsia. The autoML model based on the indicators of the first trimester has a high predictive value for the risk of preeclampsia.
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Objective:To investigate the normal range of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) in 6-18-year-old children in China, so as to provide a data base for the establishment of FeNO standards for Chinese children.Methods:A multi-center study was conducted on 5 949 children aged 6-18 (3 101 males and 2 848 females) in 16 pro-vinces of 7 administrative districts in China.According to the technical standard recommended by American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Association, FeNO was measured, and the relationship of FeNO with the sex, age, height, weight, body mass index and region was discussed.Results:The geometric mean FeNO value of Chinese children aged 6-18 was 14.1 ppb, and its 95% confidence interval (skewness distribution) was 1.0-38.2 ppb.The geometric mean FeNO values of children aged 6-11 and 12-18 were 13.1 ppb and 15.7 ppb, respectively, and their 95% confidence intervals (skewness distribution) were 1.0-38.1 ppb and 2.0-38.2 ppb.For children at and under 11 years old, FeNO decreased with age, with a mean decline of 1 ppb per year.The multiple linear regression results suggested that there was a significant correlation between FeNO and age for children aged 6-11, and FeNO of children aged 12-18 was significantly correlated with the gender, height, and region(all P<0.01). Conclusions:FeNO values of Chinese children and adolescents in this study are higher than those obtained by the previous study conducted from 2010 to 2012.For children aged 12-18, 16 ppb is recommended as the clinical cut-off point.For children at or under 11 years old, the influence of age on FeNO should be considered, and the cut-off point of FeNO decreases by 1 ppb as the age is reduced by one year.
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objective:To investigate the clinical value of hepatic arterial resistance index (HARI) and miRNA-122a in the early diagnosis and prognosis of patients with septic shock complicated with liver injury.Methods:A total of 176 septic shock patients admitted to EICU of Cangzhou Central Hospital from December 2016 to February 2019 were selected as the research subjects. According to the occurrence of acute liver injury, they were divided into the liver injury group (86 cases) and the non-liver injury group (90 cases). Patients in the liver injury group were further divided into the mild liver injury group (20 cases), moderate liver injury group (25 cases), and severe liver injury group (41 cases) according to the degree of liver injury. Patients with septic shock complicated with liver injury were divided into the survival group (26 cases) and non-survival group (60 cases) according to the 28-day mortality. Forty healthy individuals were selected as controls. The clinical data of the subjects were collected. The HARI was determined by bedside color Doppler ultrasonography. The expressions of miRNA-122a in serum were determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to analyze the value of HARI and serum miRNA-122a in the early diagnosis of septic shock combined with liver injury. Binary Logistic regression was used to analyze the prognostic risk factors of septic shock patients with liver injury.Results:① Compared with the control group, there was an increasing trend of HARI and serum miRNA-122a in patients with septic shock without liver injury and patients with septic shock complicated with liver injury, with statistically significant differences ( P <0.01). ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC of HARI and serum miRNA-122a for the diagnosis of septic shock complicated with liver injury were 0.872 (95% CI: 0.813, 0.919), and 0.796 (95% CI: 0.728, 0.854). When the cut-off of HARI was 0.738, its sensitivity to the diagnosis of septic shock complicated with liver injury was 77.65%, and the specificity was 83.53%; and when the cut-off value of miRNA-122a was 2.80, its sensitivity to the diagnosis of septic shock complicated with liver injury was 71.76%, and the specificity was 75.29%. When the AUC of HARI combined with miRNA-122a for the diagnosis of septic shock complicated with liver injury was 0.927 (95% CI: 0.876, 0.961), the optimal cut-off value was 0.276, and its sensitivity to the diagnosis of septic shock complicated with liver injury was 91.76%, with a specificity of 85.29%. ② There was no significant difference in HARI between the non-liver injury group and the mild liver injury group ( P>0.05), while the difference of serum miRNA-122a was statistically significant ( P <0.01). As the severity of liver injury increased, HARI and miRNA-122a expression in patients with septic shock complicated with liver injury showed an increasing trend, with statistically significant differences ( P <0.01). ③ Compared with patients with septic shock with liver injury in the survival group, the liver injury severity, APACHE II score, SOFA score, PCT, HARI and serum miRNA-122a expression levels were significantly increased in the death group, with statistically significant differences ( P <0.01). ④ Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that the severity of liver injury, APACHE II score, SOFA score, HARI and serum miRNA-122a were independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients with septic shock with liver injury. Conclusions:HARI combined with serum miRNA-122a test has high sensitivity and specificity in the evaluation of septic shock with liver injury, and have certain clinical value in the evaluation of prognosis of patients with septic shock with liver injury.
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Objective To analyze the effects of Hual qi huang granules on children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.Methods A randomized,multicenter parallel controlled clinical trial was carried out.A total of 3 000 cases of hospitalized children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia were selected.All of them were given treatment for mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia with macrolide antibiotics and symptomatic treatment.They were randomly divided into 2 groups:research group and control group.The children of research group were give oral Huai qi huang granules for three months.According to the classification of pneumonia,these two groups were divided into:lobar pneumonia research group,lobar pneumonia control group,lobular pneumonia research group,lobular pneumonia control group.The hospitalization duration of fever,length of hospital stay,the absorption area of lung inflammation and pneumonia severity sores were observed.The frequency of upper respiratory infections,bronchitis,pneumonia were observed in 3 months after discharge.Results 2 378 cases were investigated.The hospitalization duration of fever,length of hospital stay of research group were significantly shorter than that of in control group (P ＜ 0.001).The children with lobar pneumonia,2 weeks after treatment,the absorption of consolidation of the lobar pneumonia research group is significantly better than lobar pneumonia control group (P ＜0.001).After two weeks treatment,the pneumonia scores of lobar pneumonia research group is lower than lobar pneumonia control group (P ＜ 0.05).Followup of 3 months after hospital discharge,frequency of upper respiratory infection and bronchitis of research group,were significantly lower than that of control.In addition,appetite increased significantly in research group than control (P ＜ 0.001).There are 21 cases with drug associated adverse reactions (mild diarrhea),including 12 cases of research group,9 cases of control group,and there was no statistical significance (P ＞0.05).Conclusion Standard treatment combined with oral Huai qi huang granules in the treatment of mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia,can significantly shorten hospitalization duration of fever,length of hospital stay and reduce the severity score of pneumonia.Three months oral Huai qi huang granules can significant reduce the frequency of respiratory infections and bronchitis,also can increase patients appetite,and be safe.
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Objective To evaluate the left ventricular systolic function of uremic patients after peritoneal dialysis measured by two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging. Methods Thirty uremic patients with their left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) > 50% who had not been underwent dialysis were enrolled in this study. Thirty healthy volunteers were involved as controls. For both groups, the basic data and routine cardiac ultrasound parameters were measured, and the images were collected to be analyzed by QLab software. The left ventricular 16-segment time-strain curves were obtained, and the peak strain of the systolic phase of each segment was measured. The data of 2 groups were analyzed by two independent samples t-test. After 6 months of peritoneal dialysis, the uremic patients were checked again. By using paired t-test, we analyzed the difference in left ventricular systolic dysfunction of uremic patients before and after peritoneal dialysis. Results (1) Comparison between uremia group (nondialysis patients) and control group: systolic arterial pressure, diastolic arterial pressure and pulse pressure of uremic patients increased (t=-4.445,-4.531 and-2.203, P<0.05); left atrial anterior and posterior diameter (LAAPD), left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVESD), left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular end systolic volume (LVESV) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) of uremic patients were larger. Interventricular septum thickness (IVST), left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWT) and relative wall thickness (RWT) were thicker (t=-6.461,-5.168,-4.660,-3.578,-2.872,-6.819,-6.251,-7.108 and-2.659, P < 0.05); the longitudinal, radial and circumferential directions peak systolic strain of 16 segment myocardial of uremic patients decreased (the longitudinal strain:t=-7.063,-5.391,-3.351,-5.323,-5.586,-7.842,-5.265,-5.587,-5.037,-3.051,-4.584,-3.936,-4.168,-9.783,-9.175 and-3.805; the radial strain: t=3.659, 3.58, 5.368, 2.649, 2.928, 4.344, 2.754, 5.031, 5.025, 2.277, 2.691, 2.731, 3.187, 4.179, 5.292 and 4.429; the circumferential strain: t=-5.158,-3.959,-2.164,-3.592,-2.324,-5.672,-4.946,-7.184,-7.748,-5.014,-2.439,-6.299,-8.072,-8.410,-7.884 and-8.854, P < 0.05).(2)Comparison between uremic patients before and after dialysis:the systolic arterial pressure of uremic patients decreased after dialysis (t=2.833, P < 0.05); LAAPD and LVMI of uremic patients decreased after dialysis (t=4.805, 2.631, P < 0.05); BAS, BA, BIL, BI, BIS, MAS, MAL, MIL, APA and APL longitudinal systolic peak strain and the BAL, MAL, MIS, APS, APL and API radial systolic peak strain of uremic patients increased after dialysis (t=5.199, 4.127, 3.781, 3.380, 4.114, 3.116, 2.840, 3.243, 4.003 and 5.605, P < 0.05; t=-3.343,-3.687,-2.488,-2.921,-3.826 and-3.339, all P < 0.05). There were no statistical differences in circumferential peak systolic strain (P>0.05). Conclusions In uremic patients, the structure of the left ventricle changed, the function of myocardial contraction decreased, and the function of myocardial contraction improved after peritoneal dialysis. 2D-STI was able to quantitatively and objectively evaluate the function of the left ventricular myocardial constriction before and after dialysis.
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Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of GINA regimen and GINA regimen combined with oral Huaiqihuang granule in the treatment of children with bronchial asthma.Methods A ran-domized,single blind,multicenter,parallel controlled clinical trial wascarried out.A total of 1 128 patients with bronchial asthma in children were randomized into two groups.The observation group were treated with GINA regimen combined with oral Huaiqihuang granule.The GINA regimen treatment group was treated by GINA reg-imen.Clinical assessment and C-ACT scores was observed in first month,third month,sixth month after treat-ment.Clinical assessment included the times of upper respiratory tract infection occurrence,bronchitis and pneu-monia,asthmatic attacks,application of emergency medicine,hospitalizations due to asthmatic.Drug adverse effect in the two groups was compared.Results The times of upper respiratory tract infection,bronchitis and pneumonia,asthmatic was significantly decreased(P 0.05).Conclusion The treatment of bronchial asthma in children with GINA regimen combined with oral Huaiqihuang granule can significantly reduce the incidence of respiratory infections and the number of asthmatic attacks dramatically and safely improve clinical curative effect,asthma control.
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Objective To observe the response of left ventricular (LV)function and structure to chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH)early stage in New Zealand white rabbits by echocardiography.Methods The New Zealand white rabbits were placed in the CIH chamber and exposed to hypoxia for 8 weeks (6 hours/day,6 days/week).The flow of nitrogen and oxygen were regulated into the customized chambers by the gas control delivery system.The fraction of inspired oxygen was changed from 21 % to 8% for 25 s of every 1 70 s.LV structure and function was assessed by echocardiography at CIH 0,1 ,2,4,6,8 weeks and histopathology was done by HE staining simultaneously.Results ①LV structural variables:compared with 0 week,LV posterior wall and interventricular septum thickness thickened at 6 week.LV end diastolic increased at 8 week (P 1 .Isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT)decreased at 1 week and 2 week,but increased at 8 week (P < 0.05 ).④ The myocardial pathology showed that myocardial fibers disordered slightly,cardiomyocytes swelled,nuclei increased and intracellular edema when exposed to CIH for 2 week and 4 week.Vacuolar degeneration,edema and congestion were found in intercellular substance at 6 week and 8 week.Conclusions ① LV systolic and diastolic function compensation started at CIH early stage then LV structure abnormality advent later.②IVCT and IVRT are sensitive indicators of LV systolic and diastolic function compensation.
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Bronchial asthma is the most common chronic disease in children.In recent years,the inci-dence of bronchial asthma is rising and seriously harmed to the public health,has been gained comprehensive attention in community and scholars.With the in-depth study of the pathogenesis of asthma,the immunologi-cal dysfunction caused by disordered Th1 /Th2 cell play a major role in the pathogenesis of asthma,and im-munotherapy for its pathogenesis has also made great progress,which is expected to become the safer,more effective and more specific treatment.Currently immunomodulator for the treatment of asthma can be divided into four categories according to the source:microbial agents,biological agents,herbal or plant origin and syn-thetic agents.Microbial agents which include BCG,Pan Fu Shu,biologics including Th2 receptor antagonist, Th1 cytokines,anti-IgE antibody,immunoglobulin,thymosin,synthetic agents include pidotimod,transfer fac-tor,traditional Chinese medicine or plant.The main source of Gin kgo biloba extract,Huaiqihuang etc.We make a summary on the research progress and immunomodulator in the treatment of asthma in this review.
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ObjectiveTo observe right ventricle (RV) structure and function of New Zealand rabbits with chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) for short-term (0-8 weeks) by echocardiography. MethodsTwenty-four healthy male New Zealand rabbits were set up CIH animal model for 8 weeks. RV structure?s systolic and diastolic function were measured by conventional and tissue Doppler echocardiography at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 week and one rabbit was sacriifced randomly for RV myocytes and pulmonary tissue pathology examination. RV structure and function parameters at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 week were analyzed by mixed effects model analysis.ResultsRV structure variables: RV, RA at 8 week increased compared with those at 0 week, but had no signiifcant difference (P>0.05); RV systolic function variables:RVFAC at 8 week increased compared with those at 0 week (F=3.45, P<0.05), TAPSE at 4, 6, 8 week increased compared with that at 0 week (F=3.11, 3.41 and 3.86, all P<0.05), RVMPI at 4 week decreased compared with that at 0 week (F=3.46, P<0.05), recovered to baseline at 6, 8 week. Isovolumetric relaxation time (IRTc) corrected by heart rate at 1, 2, 4 week decreased compared with that at 0 week (F=3.15, 3.31 and 3.17, all P<0.05), recovered to baseline at 8 week, ET of PA at 1, 2 week decreased compared with that at 0 week (F=3.01 and 3.15, both P<0.05), recovered to baseline at 4, 6, 8 week, AT of PA at 1, 2, 4 week decreased compared with that at 0 week (F=3.13, 3.15 and 3.32, all P<0.05), recovered to baseline at 6, 8 week. RV diastolic function variables: isovolumetric contraction time (ICTc) corrected by heart rate at 2, 4 week decreased compared with that at 0 week (F=3.13 and 3.33,both P<0.05), E/E? at 1, 2 week decreased compared with that at 0 week (F=3.13 and 3.44,bothP<0.05), recovered to baseline at 4, 6, 8 week, E/A at 4, 6, 8 week increased compared with that at 0 week (F=4.01, 3.82 and 3.37, all P<0.05), E?/A? at 8 week increased compared with that at 0 week (F=3.81, P<0.05). The myocardial pathology showed that RV myocardial cell structure was normal at 4 week. Nuclei enlarged, stain darkened and some cytoplasms loosed when exposed to CIH for 8 weeks. The structure of lung tissues was normal when exposed to CIH for 4 weeks. Inflammatory cell inifltrated, capillary engorged as well as the wall of pulmonary arterioles thickened slightly at 8 week.ConclusionsRV diastolic and systolic function showed compensatory and structure was normal in early CIH (0-8 week). RV diastolic function compensated earlier than systolic function. IRT and ICT were sensitive indicators of RV systolic and diastolic function compensation.
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Objective To study the effects of toys for laboratory animals on reproductive performance and growing development of experimental mice.Methods ICR mice were fed with toys, the informations of reproductive performance and growing development were recorded.Results All the data of reproductive performance of the test group were higher than the control group except the number of newborn mice, and showed significant difference ( P 0.05).Conclusion Toys for laboratory animals have good effects on reproductive performance and growing development of mice, and suggested to be used into the process of experimental mice raising.
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Objective To explore the relationship between childhood asthma and pregnant and neonatal risk factors, thus provide evidence for early prevention of childhood asthma. Methods 162 children diagnosed asthma and 213 healthy children in pediatric outpatient and the inpatient services of our hospital who was born and living in Baotou city were retrospectively analyzed. The pregnancy related factors (parity, fever during pregnancy, pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome, gestational diabetes mellitus, history of overdose in early-pregnancy) and the neonatal period related factors (surface defects, asphyxia, rough placenta, birth weight, number of fetus during this pregnancy, gestational age, premature birth, cesarean section) were investigated. The sex and age showed no signiifcance between childhood asthma and control group. Results Eight pregnant and neonatal factors (fever during pregnancy, pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome, history of overdose in early-pregnancy, surface defects, asphyxia, rough placenta, birth weight, premature birth, cesarean section) showed signiifcant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Multifactor regression analysis found fever during pregnancy (OR=9.43, 95%CI:3.08~28.82), rough placenta (OR=2.15, 95%CI:1.29~3.59), premature birth (OR=5.16, 95%CI:1.53~17.39) and cesarean section (OR=4.05, 95%CI:2.40~6.86)are independent risk factors for childhood asthma. Conclusions Fever during pregnancy, abnormal placenta;premature birth and cesarean section are likely risk factors of childhood asthma.
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Objective To explore the value of real-time tissue elastography (RTE) with tissue dispersion quantitative analysis technique for assessment of liver fibrosis stage.Methods 51 rats were injected 6％ thioacetamide to induce liver fibrosis model,and 9 rats were injected saline as control group.In modeling 4 weeks,8 weeks,12 weeks respectively,14 rats in group of liver fibrosis model and 3 rats in control group were randomly selected to RTE.All the rats underwent tissue dispersion quantitative analysis,to obtain 12 quantitative parameters of elasticity,which included average relative strain value (MEAN),standard deviation of relative strain value (SD),area ratio of low-strain region (％ AREA),complexity (COMP),kurtosis (KURT),skewness (SKEW),contrast (CONT),entropy (ENT),inverse difference moment (IDM),angular second moment (ASM),correlation (CORR) and liver elasticity index (LF index).Subsequently,rats were sacrificed and their livers were taken for pathology analysis.Liver fibrosis model group was divided into S0,S1,S2,S3,S4 group.The 12 quantitative parameters of elasticity were compared with each group.Results 49 rats were successfully modeled,and 42 rats were analyzed.Except COMP,KURT,CORR,the other quantitative parameters had statistically differences (P ＜ 0.05).The other 9 parameters were correlated with liver fibrosis stage.Among these parameters,MEAN,％ AREA and LF index had higher related coefficient(r =-0.831,0.882,0.866).The ROC curve was made by MEAN,LF index and ％AREA to estimate the fibrosis stage,when S≥S1,S≥S2,S≥S3,S =S4,the areas under the ROCcurve were 0.884,0.925,0.934,0.962 (MEAN);0.917,0.958,0.984,0.962 (％AREA);0.917,0.948,0.966,0.967 (LF index),respectively.Conclusions As a non-invasive examination,RTE dispersion quantitative analysis technology can be used to quantitatively assess liver fibrosis.
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Objective To investigate the expression levels and the roles of IL-17 and IL-23 in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) pneumonia. Methods One hundred and three children with pneumonia admitted to pediatric department from February to May in 2012 were divided into MP pneumonia group and non-MP pneumonia group according to the results of MP antibody tests. Meanwhile, 42 healthy children were chosen as normal controls. Serum levels of IL-17, IL-23 and MP antibodies were measured in all children. Immunoglobulin, C reactive protein, total white blood cell count and granulocyte count were detected in children with pneumonia. Results The serum levels of IL-17 and IL-23 were signiifcantly different among three groups (P0.05), while IL-17 and IL-23 levels were both positively correlated with granulocyte count (P<0.05).Conclusion IL-17 and IL-23 may be involved in the immune response of MP pneumonia and may contribute to the clearance of pathogens.
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Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) in regenerative nodules(RNs)and small hepatocellular carcinoma(sHCC).Methods Thirty-four cases of liver cirrhosis with small nodule were examined by CEUS.Among these cases,18 cases with 20 lesions were diagnosed s HCC,16 cases with 18 lesions were diagnosed RN eventually,all the diagnoses were confirmed by pathology.Perfusion characteristic and quantitative difference of RNs and sHCC were summarized.Results ①The majority of sHCC showed hyper-enhancement during the arterial phase,iso-enhancement or hypo-enhancement during the portal phase,hypo-enhancement during the late phase.The enhanced phase and degree of RNs were diverse,most of RNs showed iso enhancement during the three phases.The enhanced phase of two groups had significant difference(P ＜0.05).②The enhancement type of RNs and sHCC had no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).③ 11 of 20 sHCC lesions showed contrast-enhancement pattern of fast-in and slow-out,9 lesions were fast-in and fast-out;among 18 RNs,1 lesion enhanced during the portal phase and the late phase,it didn't enhanced during the arterial phase,3 lesions started to enhanced at the late arterial phase,14 lesions were iso-enhancement during the three phases.④Comparison of parameters of RNs and the adjacent liver parenchyma had no significant difference(P ＞0.05).Compared with the adjacent liver parenchyma or RNs,the arrival time and peak time were shorter,the peak intensity and the curve sharpness were higher in sHCC (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions CEUS is a useful method to distinguish RNs and sHCC in liver cirrhosis.