Positive rates and influencing factors of depression and anxiety among managed diabetic patients in community / 预防医学

Objective @#To explore the positive rates and influencing factors of depression and anxiety among managed diabetic patients in community and to provide evidence for the future mental health intervention.@*Methods@#Random sampling method was used to select the diabetic patients from the local health information platform in Ningbo. The anxiety and depression symptoms of the diabetic patients were evaluated by 9-Item Patient Health Questionnaire（PHQ-9）and 7-Item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale（GAD-7）. Logistic regression model was applied to analyzing the influencing factors for anxiety and depression in diabetic patients.@*Results@#A total of 1 032 diabetic patients were enrolled,with a response rate of 91.98%. The positive rate of depression was 9.01% and the positive rate of anxiety was 3.78%. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that divorced/widowed（OR=3.046,95%CI：1.522-6.100）,having two comorbidities or more（OR=6.723,95%CI：2.495-18.120）and suffering diabetes for more than ten years（OR=2.668,95%CI：1.406-5.062）were the risk factors for depression in diabetic patients,while having a college education or above（OR=0.288,95%CI：0.093-0.893）was the protective factor for depression in diabetic patients;unmarried（OR=13.244,95%CI：1.268-138.377）,having two comorbidities or more（OR=6.979,95%CI：2.164-22.503） and suffering diabetes for more than ten years（OR=3.109,95%CI：1.241-7.787）were the risk factors for anxiety in diabetic patients.@*Conclusion@#Marital status,the number of comorbidity,course of diabetes and education level could affect the occurrence of depression in diabetic patients;marital status,the number of comorbidity and course of diabetes could affect the occurrence of anxiety in diabetic patients.

Evaluation on the effect of salt reduction intervention among fourth-grade primary school students and their parents in Shandong Province / 中华预防医学杂志

In order to evaluate the intervention effect of the school-based salt reduction model, 28 primary schools were selected in Shandong Province in September 2014 and randomly divided into intervention group (1 361 students, 1 306 parents) and control group (1 364 students,1 340 parents). A series of "small hands and big hands" salt reduction intervention activities were conducted in intervention group for 8 months. After the intervention, the total awareness rate of salt reduction knowledge, the total holding rate of related beliefs and the total reporting rate of related behaviors were 70.65%, 80.30% and 67.03% among students, and 85.66%, 93.77% and 87.93% among parents, in the intervention group, which were higher than those in the control group (37.12%, 66.52% and 50.07% among students; 55.11%, 87.52% and 57.96% among parents) (all P values <0.05). The school-based salt reduction model is effective and feasible.

Prevalence of high risk adults of type 2 diabetes in Zhejiang / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective To investigate the prevalence characteristics for high risk adults of type 2 diabetes in Zhejiang. Methods From June to October in 2010, 19113 local residents aged≥18 years old were selected among 7571 families from fifteen counties in Zhejiang by a four stage stratified-random sampling method. A self-designed questionnaire was completed to collect information on demographic characteristics, risk factors, and physical activity. At the same time, physical examinations including measurements of height, weight, blood pressure, and blood lipid levels were carried out. The high-risk population was determined according to the 2017 edition of China′s Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. Results Finally, 17437 people completed all the investigation projects. Among them, 14455 people were at high risk of type 2 diabetes [aged (49.3+15.1) years, 6902 men (47.75％) and 7553 women (52.25％)]. The crude prevalence rate of high risk type 2 diabetes was 82.90％(standardized rate:79.26％). A significantly higher prevalence rate of high risk type 2 diabetes was associated with the age group of 45 to 60 years (83.47％), men (84.49％), class 1 rural area (84.59％), primary school education level (87.04％), marital status (84.40％), and average annual family income less than 10000 yuan (all P<0.05). Among the eight high risk factors, the detection rate of ≥40 years old was the highest (78.12％) and the detection rate of history of cardiovascular disease was the lowest (1.54％). The detection rates of overweight/obesity/central obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, sedentary lifestyle, pre-diabetes, and family history of type 2 diabetes were 42.86％, 31.28％, 29.98％, 29.18％, 7.28％, and 3.81％, respectively. High risk of type 2 diabetes was dominated by 1 high-risk factor (31.75％) or 2 high-risk factors (31.39％) or 3 high-risk factors (22.13％). The adults with 4 high-risk factors (11.01％) and 5 or more high-risk factors (3.71％) were less in number. The detection rates of all the risk factors and aggregation distribution of various risk factors were significantly different between different genders, age groups, regions and educational levels, marital status, and family per capita annual income. Conclusion The epidemic level of high-risk type 2 diabetes in Zhejiang province is relatively high, and health management of high risk of type 2 diabetes in community should be actively taken as early as possible according to the population distribution characteristics.

Comparison of Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions and Distortion Products Otoacoustic Emissions as the Hearing Screening Methods in the Same Population of Normal Newborns / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To compare the results of TEOAE and DPOAE in the same population of normal newborns, to provide information on choosing appropriate screening tools.Methods A two-steps protocol was taken with the first screening during the first 48 to 72 hours of birth and rescreened from one to two months old if the newborns failed the first screening.For each step of screening, TEOAE and DPOAE were performed simultaneously using AccuScreen hearing screening instrument (Madsen-GN Otometrics, Taastrup, Denmark).A total of 1 062 normal newborns (F/M=508/554) delivered in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were enrolled in this research for the first screening.Infants who failed either TEOAE or DPOAE screening in the first screening were referred to a second screening.Among them, 135 performed both DPOAE and TEOAE in the second step.The newborns who failed the second screening would receive ABR when they were 3 months old.Results In the first screening,the failure rate for TEOAE was 11.0% (117/1 062) and 13.7% (145/1 062) for DPOAE.In the second screening step, the failure rates were 17.8% (24/135) and 20.7% (28/135) for TEOAE and DPOAE, respectively.Chi-square and Fisher's test showed that the failure rates of DPOAE were significant higher than TEOAE for both steps (P<0.001).The agreements between TEOAE and DPOAE were 96.0% and 95.6% for the first and second steps respectively, and the kappa values were 0.817 and 0.857.As to the average time taken to accomplish the screening for one ear, TEOAE was 24±25 s and DPOAE was 40±34 s during the first screening;in the rescreening, TEOAE was 52±41 s and DPOAE was 73±62 s.Paired-t tests showed that the differences between DPOAE and TEOAE testing time were statistically significant (P=0.000) in both screening steps.Finally, 7 newborns (10 ears) were diagnosed conductive hearing loss(except 1 ear was sensorineural hearing loss).Conclusion As a screening tool, TEOAE got lower refer rates and took less time than DPOAE implicating TEOAE a better screening tool for normal neonates.

Clinical phenotypes and pathological features in myopathies with tubular aggregates / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To summarize clinical phenotypes and pathological characteristics in myopathies with tubular aggregates (TAs).Methods We reviewed 5 697 patients who performed muscle biopsies in our department between January 2001 and July 2015.We collected the cases with TAs and made classification based on their clinical diagnoses and pathological changes.Results Fifty-seven patients (1.00％) showed TAs in muscle specimens,including 50 (87.72％) males and 7 (12.28％) females.According to clinical,neurophysiological,pathological and genetic analysis,the diagnoses included 23 (40.35％) cases of periodic paralysis,7 (12.28％) cases of chronic alcohol intoxication,6 (10.53％) cases of congenital myasthenic syndrome,5 (8.77％) cases of exercise-induced cramps,3 (5.26％) cases of necrotizing myopathy,1 (1.75％) case of stromal interaction molecule 1-associated myopathy,limbgirdle muscular dystrophy 2E,myotonic dystrophy,myotonia congenita,paramyotonia congenitia,hypothyroid myopathy respectively.Other cases of unknown cause included unclassified distal myopathy,external ophthalmoplegia,white matter lesions,mental retardation,stroke,early onset weakness,pulmonary arterial hypertension.Besides TAs,pathological changes also included necrosis of muscle fibers (3 cases,5.26％),neurogenic changes (3 cases,5.26％) and muscular dystrophic changes (1 case,1.75％).Conclusions Our results indicated that TAs are usually found in males and could present in many types of hereditary or acquired neuromuscular disease as independent or accompanying changes.Periodic paralysis,chronic alcohol intoxication and congenital myasthenic syndrome are 3 major diseases causing myopathies with TAs.

Surgical management of refractory dysphagia and aspiration / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the methods and results of surgical management for refractory dysphagia and aspiration.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 24 refractory dysphagia and aspiration patients who accepted surgical management were retrospectively analysed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Twenty-four refractory dysphagia and aspiration patients accepted 26 operations between 2001 and 2014. Of the 26 operations, 17 were cricopharyngeal myectomy (CPM), 6 were scarectomy, 3 were laryngeal-tracheal separation. No severe complications occurred. Assessments of dysphagia were completed in 18 operations before and after operation. Aspiration scores of videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) were 4.50 [4.00;7.00] vs 2.00 [1.00; 3.25], P = 0.000; swallow dysfunction scroes of VFSS were 5.00 [4.00; 12.00] vs 1.00 [1.50; 10.00], P = 0.001; aspiration scores of fibroptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) were 4.00 [5.00; 7.00] vs 2.00 [1.75; 3.00], P = 0.000. But the surgical results for post radiotherapy dysphagia were not successful (n = 5): aspiration scores of VFSS were 7.00 [6.50; 8.00] vs 6.00 [2.00; 7.50], P = 0.109;swallow dysfunction scroes of VFSS were 12.00 [10.50; 12.00] vs 12.00 [7.50; 12.00], P = 0.180;aspiration scores of FEES were 7.00 [6.50; 8.00] vs 6.00 [2.00; 7.50], P = 0.109.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Surgical management was effective for refractory dysphagia and aspiration, but the surgical indication selection should be strict.</p>

Expression of membrane attack complex in common idiopathic inflammatory myopathy / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To analyze membrane attack complex (MAC) expression in different types of idiopathic inflammtory myopathy (IIM).Methods We enrolled 57 cases of dermatomyositis (DM) , 37 cases of polymyositis (PM) ,9 cases of sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM) and 15 cases of autoimmune necrotizing myopathy with anti-signal recognition particle antibodies (SRP-ANM) in Department of Neurology at Peking University First Hospital from 2011 to 2014, and used x2 test or Fisher exact test to analyze MAC expression in muscle fibers and endomysial capillaries respectively.Results The total MAC expression in DM, PM, sIBM and SRP-ANM was 75.4％ (43/57), 86.5％ (32/37), 4/9 and 13/15 respectively.The MAC expression in muscle fibers was 50.9％ (29/57), 81.1％ (30/37) , 3/9 and 13/15 respectively.The MAC expression in endomysial capillaries was 49.1％ (28/57) , 24.3％ (9/37) , 1/9 and 6/15 respectively.The MAC expression in muscle fibers and endomysial capillaries of sIBM was less than other types of IIM.The MAC expression in muscle fibers of PM and SRP-ANM was higher than DM and sIBM, but there was no statistically significant difference between PM and SRP-ANM.The MAC expression in endomysial capillaries of DM and SRP-ANM was higher than PM and sIBM, while there was no statistically significant difference between DM and SRP-ANM (x2 =0.397, P =0.574).The MAC expression in four types of IIM had regional distribution, of which 11.6％ (5/43) of DM showed bundle distribution.Conclusion There are differences in the damage of MAC in various types of IIM, the damage of MAC in SRP-ANM indicated the pattern of both DM and PM.

α-Galactosidase A gene mutation induced autophagic dysfunction and its mechanism / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of α-galactosidase A (GLA) gene mutation on cell autophagy and to elucidate its mechanism preliminarily.Methods Two families were diagnosed by ultrastructural pathological examination,GLA gene activity test and GLA gene mutation screening.Mutant type recombinant expression plasmid of two pedigrees (pcDNA3.1-GFP-ex1 (EX1 group),pcDNA3.1-GFP-ex3 (EX3 group)) and wild type recombinant expression plasmid of GLA (pcDNA3.1-GFP-GLA,GLA group) were constructed.Hela cell line (control group) was transiently transfected with recombinant expression plasmid according to lipofectin transfection.The relative gene expression of Beclin-1 was measured with real-time PCR,and protein expression level of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ,Beclin-1 and P62/SQSTM1 was examined by Western blotting.Results The LC3 protein values of groups EX1,EX3,GLA and control were 1.495 ± 0.064,1.490 ± 0.020,1.285 ± 0.021,1.260 ± 0.042,respectively;P62/ SQSTM1 values were 0.555 ± 0.086,0.480 ± 0.084,0.785 ± 0.439,0.980 ± 0.278,respectively;Beclin-1 mRNA 2-△Ct values were 0.011 ±0.003,0.008 ±0.002,0.005 ±0.001,0.003 ±0.001,respectively;Beclin-1 protein values were 1.178 ±0.098,1.209 ±0.092,0.931 ±0.100,0.796 ±0.184,respectively.Compared with the wide type group,the level of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ protein was significantly higher in the mutant type groups(t =5.118,4.984;P =0.007,0.008),though no statistically significant difference was found in the expression levels of P62/SQSTM1 (t =1.052,1.400;P =0.323,0.199).Besides,the expression levels of Beclin-1 mRNA (t =3.800,2.445;P =0.005,0.040) and protein (t =2.424,2.729;P =0.042,0.026) were significantly higher in the mutant type groups.Conclusions GLA gene mutation can induce cell autophagic dysfunction,and signaling pathway of autophagic activation may be Beclin-1 dependent.

Preliminary research on clinical value of localization of upper airway obstruction with nasopharyngeal airway combined with polysomnography / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical value of localization of upper airway obstructive site with the method of combination of nasopharyngeal airway and polysomnography (PSG).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-seven patients diagnosed as obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) by PSG were enrolled. Each patient was examined by Somte PSG for the first night, underwent repeated PSG examination with the nasopharyngeal airway in place for the second night and received airway continuous pressure measurements (ApneaGraph) examination for the third night. The standard of treatment success was defined as apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) less than 20/h and a reduction of 50% or more. The patients were divided into success group and failure group. The PSG indices and ApneaGraph data of the two groups were compared. Correlations between AHI with nasopharyngeal airway in place by PSG and lower AHI and constituent ratio of lower obstruction by ApneaGraph were calculated. SPSS 17.0 software was used to analyze the data.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Forty-two patients completal three-night examination. With the nasopharyngeal airway in place, AHI, the lowest oxyhemoglobin saturation (LSaO2), average oxyhemoglobin saturation, percent of sleep time with oxyhemoglobin saturation <0.90 (SaO2 < 0.90T%) were improved obviously (P < 0.001). Twenty-nine patients (69.0%) achieved treatment success. There were statistical differences (t = 2.670, P = 0.011; Z = -3.252, P = 0.001 and t = -4.556, P < 0.001) of LSaO2 by PSG, lower AHI and constituent ratio of lower obstruction by ApneaGraph compared success group with failure group. The correlations between AHI with nasopharyngeal airway in place by PSG and lower AHI and constituent ratio of lower obstruction by ApneaGraph were 0.616 (P < 0.001) and 0.526 (P < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method of combination of nasopharyngeal airway with PSG is a reliable method of localization of upper airway obstructive site and can be used as a simple means to find out if there's any retroglossal obstruction.</p>

Comparison of Auditory Brain Stem Responses to Tone Burst and Tone Burst Masked by Notched Noise Recorded in Adults with Normal Hearing / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To compare the accuracy of auditory brain stem response (ABR) thresholds to tone burst and tone burst ipsilaterally masked by notched noise in estimating puretone thresholds of adults with normal hearing.To study characteristics of ABRs evoked by tone burst and tone burst in notched noise of two different intensities.These three kinds of ABRs were named as follows:tb-ABR,amtb-ABR and bmtb-ABR.Methods Puretone audiometry,ABRs to tone burst and tone burst ipsilaterally masked by notched noise of different intensities were tested in 20 adults (totally 40 ears) with normal hearing.Results ①Thresholds for tb-ABR,amtb-ABR and broth-ABR of each frequency all approximated each other,and there were no statistically significant differences between them.②The mean differences between puretone thresholds and thresholds for tb-ABR,amtb -ABR and bmtb-ABR of each frequency were all less than 15 dB.Those mean differences of different ABRs of the same frequency were approximate to each other and had no statistically differences.③No matter what kind of ABR was tested,the latencies of wave V shortened with increase of frequency in each ABR at the same intensity.When the intensity and frequency of the tone burst were the same,the latency of wave V of tb-ABR was always statistically shorter than that of amtb-ABR.The latter was also always statistically shorter than that of bmtb-ABR.Conclusion Thresholds for ABRs to tone burst and tone burst ipsilaterally masked by notched noise were useful in predicting puretone thresholds.

Therapy for olfactory disorder associated with URTI along with nasal and accessory nasal diseases / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of intranasal jet nebulizing inhalation with budesonide suspension on 20 patients with olfactory disorder due to upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) or nasal and accessory nasal diseases.@*METHOD@#We tested the twenty patients with upper respiratory infection, naso sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, olfactory cleft disease induced olfactory loss by medical history, physical examination, olfactory tests and medical imaging. Budesonide suspension doses of 1 mg daily was administered by means of intranasal nebulization for 15 days. Olfactory function was assessed by T&T Olfactometry and olfactory event-related potentials before and after treatment, and only T&T Olfactometry was used after every 5 times for inhalation of budesonide.@*RESULT@#Of the patients with olfactory disorder, olfactory function was recovered in 90% after the course of treatment, including cured in 25%, improved in 50%, and slightly improved in 15%. And apparent effect was observed to appeared mostly after nebulizing inhalation for 10 times.@*CONCLUSION@#The above findings suggest that intranasal nebulizing inhalation with budesonide may be an effective therapy in the treatment of URTI-related or nasal and accessory nasal diseases related olfactory disorder. It is worth using the therapy.

Fisher discriminant analysis of ultrasonography index in diagnosing characters of ovarian neoplasms / 中国医学影像技术

Objective To construct Fisher discrminant functions with index of ultrasonography. Methods A total of 48 non-neoplastic ovarian cysts, 137 benign and 120 malignant ovarian tumors were enrolled in this study. Taking ultrasonographic parameters and Doppler blood flow signals as differential diagnosis variable, a diagnosis model was developed using stepwise discriminant analysis. Then a projection and territorial map were drew and the diagnostic ability of the model was verified with substitution method and jackknife. Results ①Univariate analysis indicated that ovarian cysts volume, end-diastolic blood flow velocity (V_(ED)), mean blood flow velocity (V_m), resistance index (RI), pulse index (PI), physical property, echo, shape, boundary, ascites and blood flow signal have statistical difference among the three kinds of ovarian cysts. ②Stepwise discriminant analysis showed that volume, resistance index, physical property, shape and boundary are the independent prognostic variables. The two Fisher discriminant functions were as following: Function 1=0.002volume-4.793 RI+0.468physical property+0.862shape+0.901boundary-4.076, Function 2=0.005volume-1.480 RI+0.851physical property-0.291shape+0.443boundary+0.524. ③The projective positions of three kinds of ovarian cysts at 2D coordinates were clear. ④The sensibility and specificity of mode for diagnosis non-neoplastic ovarian cysts, benign and malignant ovarian tumors was 91.67%, 88.32% and 93.33% with substitution method, and was 91.67%, 86.13% and 93.33% with jackknife method. Conclusion Cysts volume, RI, physical property, shape and boundary are the significant differential prognostic variables. Fisher discriminant analysis can provide a reliable prognostic model for ovarian cysts.

Study of Acoustically Short Latency Negative Response in Tone Burst Auditory Brainstem Responses / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To study the characteristic of acoustically short latency negative response (ASNR) in auditory brainstem response (ABR) evoked by tone burst in children with hearing loss. Methods ABRs to click and tone burst were recorded from 0～6 years old children with hearing loss using SmartEP auditory evoked potential system. The threshold and latency was analyzed if ASNR was recorded. Results Among all the 80 ears tested, ASNR were recorded in 7 ears (8.75%) when using click, and in 40 ears (50%) when using tone burst. ASNR was most frequently evoked by 1 kHz tone burst (in 37 ears), and 2 kHz (in 25 ears) was the second. Among the ears with ASNR, the lowest threshold of ABR wave V was 65 dB nHL. The lowest threshold of ASNR was 80dB nHL. The latencies of ASNR for 0.5,1,2 and 4 kHz tone burst was 6～8, 5～7,3～5 and 3～4 ms, respectively. The latency decreased along with the increase of intensity. Conclusion ASNR can be recorded while recording tone-burst ABR, but it has no effect in predicting hearing level using the wave V threshold of tone-burst ABR.

Expression of M3 subtype of muscarinic receptors in normal,BPH and prostate cncer tissue / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To study the relationship between M3 receptor and prostastic tumor by analyzing the expressions of M3 and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)in adult human normal and neoplastic prostatic gland tissue. Methods The specimens included 36 normal prostates(fresh),36 benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)tissue(fresh),and 36 cancer tissue(8 fresh).RT-PCR was used to detect M3 receptor,VEGPs genetic expression.At protein level,VEGF,Ms receptor,CD34 were detected by western-blot and immunohistochemical method. Results VEGF and M3 receptor's genetic expressions were higher in prostate cancer tissue(O.8354±0.1897,0.7824±0.2047)than in BPH tissue(0.6735±0.1603,0.6021±0.1637),while the expressions of these genes were lowest in normal prostate tissue(0.5425±0.1629,0.3436±0.1581)(P<0.001).There was a positive correlation between M3 and VEGFs gene expression(r=0.4999,P<O.001).The protein expression of Ms receptor and VEGF was similar to their genetic expression pattern,the expressions in prostate cancer tissue(0.4777±0.1638,0.5718±0.2245)were higher than those in BPH tissue(0.3655±0.1474,0.4342±0.1538)and in normal prostate tissue(0.2659±0.1076,0.3380±0.1527)(P<0.05).Conclusions M3 receptor might be related with development of prostatic tumor.It could be used as a new target 0f diagnosis and treatment for prostastic tumor.

Effect of pharyngoplasty on olfactory and taste function in treating obstructive sleep apnea / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of pharyngoplasty on olfactory and taste function in treating obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).@*METHOD@#Thirty-nine patients accepted pharyngoplasty for treating OSAHS from April 2005 to December 2005 who complained of olfactory and/or taste disturbances were analyzed in this study.@*RESULT@#Four cases complained of taste disturbances , among them, one case complained of disturbance. The 1st case complained of hyposmia, complete taste loss of sour and salty and partial taste loss of sweet. The 2nd case complained of partial taste loss of sour, sweet, salty and bitter. The 3rd case complained of partial taste loss of sour. The 4th case complained of phantogeusia who had sour and bitter sensation in phlegm.@*CONCLUSION@#The olfactory and/or taste disturbances may be complications of pharyngoplasty. Surgeons should be careful during the operation to avoid the damage of olfactory and taste function.

Auditory brain stem responses elicited by air-and bone-conducted tone pip from adults with normal hearing / 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科

OBJECTIVE To study the characteristic of auditory brain stem responses (ABRs) to air-and bone-conducted tone pip recorded in adults with normal hearing, to access the feasibility of estimating pure tone behavioral thresholds using tone-pip evoked ABR and to examine the effects of bone-conducted ABR to tone pips on differentiating the type of hearing loss. METHODS Air-and bone-conducted ABR to tone pips were recorded from otologically normal persons (n=20, male/female 10/10) using Smart EP auditory evoked potential system. RESULTS ABR thresholds to air-conducted tone pips were (24.8?7.3) , (16.1?6.5) , (13.5?5.5) , (11.9?5.8) dB nHL for 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 kHz, and were (9.5?9.3) , (13.4? 6.6) , (12.2?6.0) , (12.2?7.2) dB higher than the pure tone behavior thresholds respectively; The ABR thresholds to bone-conducted tone pips were (28.4?9.2) , (19.0?7.4) , (15.1?7.7) , (13.6?6.4) dB nHL for 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 kHz, and were (32.0?10.3) , (19.4?10.0) , (14.2?8.2) , (16.1 ?6.9) dB higher than the pure tone behavioral thresholds respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the ABR thresholds to AC and BC tone pips. The wave forms of tone-evoked ABR were similar to those of click-evoked ABR. The detectability of Wave Ⅰ and Wave Ⅲ decreased with the decrease of tone pip frequency. The wave latencies of tone-pipevoked ABR were longer than those of click-evoked ABR, and they prolonged with the decrease of tone pip frequency. The Wave Ⅴ latency of ABR to BC 0.5 and 1 kHz tone pips at thresholds were longer compared that to AC. CONCLUSION The thresholds of tone-pip evokedABR were useful in estimating the pure tone behavioral threshold and bone-conducted tone-evoked ABR might be helpful in differentiating the type of hearing loss.

Extracellular domain of kinase domain region mediated by adeno-associated virus inhibits growth and angiogenesis of bladder cancer in Balb-c mice / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To verify whether the extracellular domain of kinase domain region (KDR) has anti-angiogenesis activity in vivo.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>cDNA was cloned into adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector pSNAV and transfected to baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells. Recombinant AAV was obtained from the cell culture supernatant after adding helper virus. Recombinant AAV-infected human bladder cancer EJ cell line (EJ cells) were injected subcutaneously into Balb-c nude mice. Tumor specimens were removed from the mice, paraffin-embedded and sliced, then stained by immunohistochemistry. Microvessel density (MVD) was determined under a microscope.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The tumor volume developed by EJ cells transfected with the extracellular domain of KDR was significantly smaller (1.70 +/- 0.18 cm(3)) compared with that in the control (5.62 +/- 0.67 cm(3)) (P < 0.05), although tumor developed to be detectable on almost the same time (14.7 +/- 2.4 days vs 14.1 +/- 3.2 days). Further, MVD in the experimental group was lower than that in the control (41.3 +/- 4.8 vs 6.2 +/- 2.1, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The extracellular domain of KDR could be expressed in nude mouse bladder cancer tissue and inhibit tumor angiogenesis.</p>

Primary extragonadal seminoma(report of five cases and review of literature) / 中国癌症杂志

Purpose:To improve the knowledge of primary extragonadal seminoma.Methods:Five cases proved by histopathology were reported in this article, every patient received surgical operation plus subsequent chemotherapy or radiotherapy . Results:all of them are alive now. the histogenesis, clinical features, principle of treatment of primary extragonadal seminoma are discussed with review of literature.Conclusions:Primary extragonadal seminoma is rare, histopathology is very important for diagnosis and selection of therapy.

GSTM1 genetic polymorphism and bladder cancer susceptibility / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To study the correlation between GSTM1 genetic polymorphism and bladder cancer susceptibility. Methods In a case control study, the GSTM1 genotype was assessed by a PCR based method. 69 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and 88 controls matched for age and sex were studied. Results The frequency of GSTM1 null genotype among the bladder cancer patients was 58% compared with 41% among controls(OR=2.0, 95%CI=1.05～ 3.79 ,? 2=4.51, P

EVALUATION OF THE INVASIVE ABILITY OF TRASITIONAL-CELL BLADDER CARCINOMA BY THE MTT COLORIMETRIC ASSAY / 肿瘤

Objective　To evaluate the invasive ability of bladder transitional carcinoma cells(TCC),with a new method.Methods　MTT colorimetric assay combining with Boyden chamber system was used to measure the invasive ability of three bladder TCC lines EJ、T24、BIU-87. Invasive Index=experimental absorbance/control absorbance×100%.Tumor cells mortility growth curve and coloney forming test were measured for these 3 lines.Results　The Invasive Index of three cell lines were EJ 0.326%±0.046%，T24 0.569%±0.044% and BIU-871.256%±0.066%. The Motility Rate were EJ 0.508%±0.037%，T24 0.672%±0.039% and BIU-871.524%±0.043%.Conclusion　This method can evaluate the invasive ability of tumor cells accurately and it is sensitive,safe and rapid. It also can be done easily and has no radiation pollution.