ABSTRACT
Helicobacter pylori (Hp) resides in the epithelium of gastric mucosa and can cause chronic inflammation. Under the conventional white light endoscopy, normal gastric mucosa, current Hp-infected gastric mucosa and past Hp-infected gastric mucosa have different endoscopic features. High-resolution white light endoscopy and various new image-enhanced endoscopy are helpful to accurately diagnose the infection of Hp, and thereby improving the detection rate of early gastric cancer by identifying the high-risk endoscopic manifestations related to gastric cancer. This article reviewed the endoscopic diagnosis of Hp infection and its clinical value.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To determine the association between carotid atherosclerosis and renal function in hypertensive patients.@*METHODS@#A total of 2 809 hypertensive patients aged (56.59±10.79) years were enrolled. Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) was derived via B-mode ultrasonography and chronic kidney disease (CKD) was evaluated by the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) with Cockcroft- Gault method. The patients were divided into 3 groups: a normal group, a thick group, and a plaque group according to the results of carotid ultrasonography.@*RESULTS@#The eGFR of the normal group was (111.09±25.61) mL/(min.1.73m(2)), that of the thick group and the plaque group was (94.45±27.14) mL/(min.1.73m(2)) and (85.98±26.92) mL/ (min.1.73m(2)). Binary logistic analysis showed that age (OR=3.590), smoking status (OR=1.543), systolic blood pressure (OR=1.018), diastolic blood pressure (OR=0.977), fasting plasma glucose (OR=1.132), triglyceride (OR=0.873) and eGFR (OR=0.986) were significantly correlated with cIMT. Subgroup analyses on different genders showed that eGFR was a significant independent risk factor in men (OR=0.991) but not in women.@*CONCLUSION@#The thicker the cIMT, the lower the eGFR in hypertensive patients. With the development of cIMT, eGFR gradually decreases and contributes to the occurrence and development of early-stage atherosclerosis in hypertensive patients.