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1.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 145(7): 907-915, jul. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-902563

ABSTRACT

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine and metabolic dysfunction, highly prevalent in women in their reproductive years. Hyperandrogenism, oligo-ovulation, polycystic ovarian morphology are the main features of this syndrome. PCOS is a genetic disorder with a multifactorial etiology and has a strong link with environmental components. It is frequently associated with obesity and insulin resistance. Recently, epigenetic mechanisms have been involved in the pathogenesis of PCOS. Several studies showed that methylation in DNA and miRNAs is altered in women with PCOS in blood, serum, adipose tissue, granulose cells and theca. This evidence indicates that women with PCOS have a different epigenetic regulation, which might be triggered by an adverse intrauterine environment or by postnatal environmental elements such as diet and or obesity.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics , DNA Methylation/genetics , MicroRNAs/genetics , Epigenesis, Genetic/genetics
2.
Rev. chil. endocrinol. diabetes ; 9(1): 15-18, ene. 2016. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-831338

ABSTRACT

Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus and celiac disease share common genetic and immunological aspects and celiac disease is more common among type 1 diabetic patients. Aim: To determine the frequency of anti endomysial and anti transglutaminase antibodies among patients with type 1 diabetes. Material and Methods: Anti endomysialantibodies determined by indirect immunofluorescence an anti transglutaminase antibodies determined by ELISA were measured in 410 serum samples of patients with type 1 diabetes. Results: Seventy one samples (17 percent) had positive anti transglutaminase antibodies. Among these, 17 had also positive anti endomysial antibodies. In 11 of these 17 patients, the presence of celiac disease was confirmed. Conclusions: Among patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, the frequency of celiac disease is three times higher than in the general population.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Female , Child , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/epidemiology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology , Celiac Disease/epidemiology , Celiac Disease/immunology , Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/immunology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect , Transglutaminases/immunology
3.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 141(3): 281-290, mar. 2013. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-677334

ABSTRACT

Background: Coronary artery bypass graft surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is an alternative technique for myocardial revascularization. Aim: To report the early results and 4 yearsfollow up ofthefirst 220 cases operated with this technique. Patients and Methods: Descriptive study of 220 patients aged 60.6 ±8.8 years (171 men) undergoing off-pump coronary surgery between 2004 and 2008. One hundred seventy six (80%) patients had hypertension, 59 (26.8%) had diabetes, 86 (39%) dyslipidemia and 85 (38.6%) were smokers. One hundred forty one patients (64.1%) had stable angina. Fiftyfour (24.5%) had a recent infarction (< 90 days) and 46 (20.9%) had a previous angioplasty. Ejection fraction was < 30% in 9 (4.1%), 30% - 50% in 57 (25.9%) and > 50% in 154 (70%). Additive and logistic EuroSCORE were 3.32 and 3.55% respectively. We studied the complications and mortality at 30 days. Long term follow up (late mortality and major cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction (MI) stroke and re-intervention were assessed using data of medical records and National Identification Registry Service until June 30, 2011. Results: A total of 481 bypasses were performed (2.27 bypassesl patient). There were 4 (1.8%) conversions and no incomplete revascularization. Post-Operative complications occurred in 42 patients. Eight neurological (five strokes), five renal (two required dialysis), 16 cardiovascular (four myocardial infarctions), 15 surgical and 11 infections. Three patients died (1.36%). After a follow up of 4.26 ± 1.02 years, overall survival was 92.3%, and survival free of myocardial infarction, stroke or re - intervention was 96.8%, 96.8% and 95.9% respectively. Conclusions: Off-pump coronary surgery in selected patients has immediate and late results comparable to traditional surgery.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Coronary Artery Bypass, Off-Pump/methods , Coronary Artery Disease/surgery , Coronary Artery Bypass, Off-Pump/adverse effects , Coronary Artery Bypass, Off-Pump , Follow-Up Studies , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome
4.
Rev. chil. neurocir ; 37: 11-18, jul. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-708070

ABSTRACT

El objetivo del tratamiento quirúrgico de los pacientes aquejados de disrrafia espinal es mantener su función neurológica estable y óptima durante toda su vida, sin embargo, existe un riesgo importante implícito en la cirugía. Con el objeto de investigar el impacto del monitoreo electrofisiológico intraoperatorio (MIO) en la evolución postoperatoria de estos pacientes, el cirujano practicó electromiografía libre y estimulada como retroalimentación continua del procedimiento. Las patologías operadas fueron: lipomas del fillum, lipomas del cono medular y re-anclajes de pacientes portadores de mielomeningocele al nacer. En todas las patologías se comparó la evolución post-operatoria con grupos de pacientes operados sin MIO, con el objeto de comparar sus evoluciones. Se observaron diferencias significativas entre los tres grupos de pacientes el uso de MIO evita el deterioro motor y la aparición de vejiga neurogénica en pacientes operados de lipoma del cono, evita la inclusión de raíces nerviosas en la sección del Fillum y evita el deterioro motor y ayuda a mejorar la función vesical de pacientes que se operan por re-anclaje medular por mielomeningocele. Finalmente, fue posible aplicar esta técnica en recién nacidos con mielomeningocele bajo, desarrollándose un protocolo que evita de facto el deterioro motor y debería evitar la inclusión de piel durante la tunelización de la placoda. Los datos mostrados en el presente trabajo permiten afirmar que esta técnica, por primera vez desarrollada en el sistema público chileno, así aplicada mejora muy significativamente los resultados de la cirugía de disrrafia espinal.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Spinal Dysraphism/surgery , Electromyography , Lipoma , Meningomyelocele/surgery , Monitoring, Physiologic/instrumentation , Postoperative Period , Chile
5.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 27(6): 499-504, dic. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-572912

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Toxoplasmosis (T) is a major chronic parasitic infection in immunocompromised patients and pregnant women. It is important to discriminate between acute phase (AT) and chronic phase (CT). Diagnosis is serological in immunocompetent patients (concentration of IgG and IgM). Objective: To evaluate the utility of an IgG avidity test (A-IgG) to identify the acute and chronic stage. Avidity is the strength of affinity between a specific immunoglobulin and the protein antigenic epitope of the infecting agent, an affinity that increases over time. Patients and Methods: We used a qualitative kit that measures the avidity of IgG, discriminating the two phases. In 35 patients with clinical diagnosis of AT and/or CT, IgG, IgM and IgG A (VIDAS®) were performed. Results: Patients with AT were positive for IgM and IgG, but presented weak avidity. In the 21 cases with CT, 52 percent (n: 11) were IgM positive and 100 percent (n: 21) had positive IgG with strong avidity. Discussion: The results confirm that the test of A-IgG may be useful in the diagnosis of AT, and has 100 percent concordance with reference test (qualitative IgM + quantitative IgG). The result is available within 24 hrs, and may be useful in diagnosis of AT in pregnant women.


Introducción: Toxoplasmosis (T) es una infección parasitaria crónica importante en pacientes inmunocompro-metidos y mujeres embarazadas. Es relevante discriminar entre fase aguda (TA) y fase crónica (TC). Su diagnóstico es serológico en inmunocompetentes (detección de IgG e IgM). Objetivo: Evaluar la utilidad del test de avidez IgG (A-IgG) para identificar la fase aguda y o crónica. Avidez es la fuerza de afinidad entre una inmunoglobulina específica y el epítope de la proteína antigénica del agente infectante, afinidad que aumenta con el tiempo. Pacientes y Métodos: Se usó un test cualitativo que mide la avidez de IgG, discriminando las dos fases. A 35 pacientes con diagnóstico clínico de TA y o TC, se les realizó IgG, IgM e A-IgG en Equipo VIDAS®. Resultados: Los pacientes con TA fueron positivos para IgM e IgG y presentaron avidez débil. Los 21 casos con TC 52 por ciento (n: 11) tuvieron IgM positivo y 100 por ciento (n: 21) tuvo IgG positiva con avidez fuerte. Discusión: Los resultados confirman que el test de A-IgG puede ser de gran utilidad en el diagnóstico de TA, concordancia: 100 por ciento con test de referencia (IgM cualitativa + IgG cuantitativa). El resultado está disponible en menos de 24 hrs, pudiendo ser útil en el diagnóstico de TA en mujeres embarazadas.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Pregnancy , Young Adult , Antibodies, Protozoan/immunology , Antibody Affinity/immunology , Immunoglobulin G/immunology , Immunoglobulin M/immunology , Reagent Kits, Diagnostic , Toxoplasma/immunology , Toxoplasmosis/diagnosis , Acute Disease , Antibodies, Protozoan/blood , Chronic Disease , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Immunoglobulin M/blood , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/diagnosis , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/immunology , Toxoplasmosis/immunology
6.
Cuad. cir ; 24(1): 47-56, 2010. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-645020

ABSTRACT

El melanoma maligno cutáneo es una neoplasia que se origina en los melanocitos de la capa basal de la epidermis, y que se caracteriza por su genio biológico agresivo y por su alta mortalidad. El diagnóstico precoz y el tratamiento adecuado y oportuno resultan fundamentales para tratar exitosamente la enfermedad. Durante los últimos años se ha producido un notable aumento en su incidencia, lo que ha llevado a implementar importantes medidas de prevención. Además, se ha desarrollado una serie de recursos que permiten pesquisar y determinar la verdadera extensión de la neoplasia, lo que permite realizar un tratamiento más efectivo y establecer un apropiado pronóstico. En este artículo se analizan aspectos generales del melanoma maligno cutáneo y algunos de los avances más recientes que se han producido en su estudio y manejo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Melanoma/diagnosis , Melanoma/therapy , Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis , Skin Neoplasms/therapy , Diagnosis, Differential , Melanoma/epidemiology , Neoplasm Staging , Skin Neoplasms/epidemiology , Prognosis , Risk Factors
7.
Rev. Méd. Clín. Condes ; 19(5): 595-599, nov. 2008. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-511238

ABSTRACT

Se describen los Síndromes de disfunción de nervios craneales V- VII-VIII-IX-X y XII y la evolución histórica que ha tenido su tratamiento quirúrgico. Se discute la posible etiología, fundamento de la terapia quirúrgica. Se presenta la principal experiencia internacional, la del autor y los resultados. Se enfatiza la indicación en afecciones de tratamiento neuro quirúrgico poco común como el tortícolis espasmódico y ciertos casos de hipertensión arterial esencial. Se destaca la necesidad de alto nivel en técnica microquirúrgica.


A description and historical review of the craneal nerves disfunctions surgically treated, the possible etiopathogenesis ís discussed and the principal international and author experience is presented.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cranial Nerve Diseases/surgery , Cranial Nerve Diseases/physiopathology , Neurosurgical Procedures/methods , Cranial Nerve Diseases/etiology , Microsurgery
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