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Iatreia ; 26(3): 325-335, jul.-sept. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-683021

ABSTRACT

La complicación aguda más frecuente en niños con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 es la cetoacidosis diabética (CAD). Las alteraciones bioquímicas que definen la CAD (hiperglucemia, acidosis metabólica y cetonemia) se deben al déficit relativo o total de insulina asociado al aumento de hormonas contrarreguladoras. La mayoría de las muertes por CAD son prevenibles con un buen manejo inicial: reposición gradual de líquidos, adición oportuna de dextrosa a la hidratación y terapia con insulina. En esta revisión crítica de la literatura se describen la fisiopatología, las manifestaciones clínicas, el tratamiento y las principales complicaciones de la CAD.


Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is the most frequent complication in children with type 1 diabetes. DKA is due to a partial or complete insulin deficit, associated with an increase of counter-regulatory hormones, which leads to the biochemical alterations that define the disease: hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis and ketonemia. Most DKA related deaths are caused by complications associated with the initial treatment. To prevent complications, an adequate assessment in the emergency service is essential; gradual reposition of fluids, dextrose supplementation during hydration, and insulin therapy are necessary. This paper is a critical review of the physiopathology, clinical manifestations, treatment and main complications of DKA.


Subject(s)
Child , Adolescent , Diabetic Ketoacidosis , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 , Emergency Medical Services , Therapeutics , Diagnosis
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