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1.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 41(2): 248-258, abr. 2024. tab, graf, mapas
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1559680

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: En las cuatro décadas de la epidemia por VIH, se han observado avances notables que han contribuido a una disminución progresiva en la incidencia de nuevas infecciones y en la mortalidad a nivel mundial. Sin embargo, no ha ocurrido lo mismo en Latinoamérica y en Chile. OBJETIVO: Esta revisión tiene como objetivo conocer la epidemiología actual a nivel global, latinoamericano y chileno. METODOLOGÍA: Se analizaron los informes epidemiológicos oficiales de infección por VIH emitidos por organismos nacionales e internacionales, más los estudios epidemiológicos nacionales. RESULTADOS: Se estima que 39 millones de personas viven con VIH en el mundo; no obstante, la mortalidad y la incidencia de nuevos casos han disminuido de forma notoria durante las últimas dos décadas, asociado a una expansión en al acceso a terapia antirretroviral en forma global. A diferencia del resto del mundo, América Latina presenta una tendencia de alza en las nuevas infecciones y Chile registra un aumento de 35% en nuevos casos durante los últimos 10 años, coincidiendo con un aumento en los flujos de migrantes que ha afectado a la región. Algunas estrategias preventivas como la profilaxis pre exposición se han implementa-do a un ritmo lento, tanto a nivel mundial, como latinoamericano. CONCLUSIONES: La epidemiología del VIH presenta características propias regionales y nacionales. En particular en Chile, diversos factores incluyendo déficit en políticas públicas de prevención y los recientes flujos migratorios han modelado nuestra actual epidemia. El desafío presente debe contemplar los esfuerzos multisectoriales para lograr los objetivos de ONUSIDA en esta década.


BACKGROUND: Over the course of the last four decades of global HIV epidemic, significant improvements have contributed to gradually reduce the frequency of new infections and global mortality rates. However, in Latin America particularly in Chile, new infections continue increasing. AIM: This review aims to comprehend the_epidemiology today on a worldwide, Latin American, and Chilean scale. METHODS: National epidemiology studies and official HIV reports from international and national organizations were reviewed. RESULTS: It is estimated that 39 million people live with HIV worldwide; however, mortality and the incidence of new cases have decreased markedly over the last two decades, associated with an expansion in access to antiretroviral therapy globally. In contrast to the rest of the world, Latin America shows an upward trend in new infections, with Chile registering a 35% increase in new cases over the last 10 years, coinciding with an increase in migratory flows that has occurred throughout the region. Some preventive strategies, such as pre-exposure prophylaxis, have been implemented at a slow pace, both globally and in Latin America. CONCLUSIONS: The epidemiology of HIV has regional and national characteristics. Specifically in Chile, several factors, including deficits in public prevention policies and recent migratory flows, have shaped our current epidemic. The present challenge must contemplate multisectoral efforts to achieve the UNAIDS objectives during this decade.


Subject(s)
Humans , HIV Infections/epidemiology , HIV Infections/prevention & control , HIV Infections/drug therapy , HIV Infections/transmission , Chile/epidemiology , Global Health , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/statistics & numerical data , Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use , Latin America/epidemiology
2.
Rev. estomatol. Hered ; 34(1): 97-102, ene.-mar. 2024. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1565550

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN El carcinoma adenoide quístico (CAQ) es una neoplasia maligna de glándula salival, de evolución lenta pero de agresivo comportamiento, que se presenta frecuentemente en el paladar; sin embargo, en el labio superior, donde suelen encontrarse más neoplasias benignas, su presencia es escasamente relatada. Se expone un relato de una mujer de 63 años, derivada por presentar un nódulo en el labio superior derecho, de aspecto benigno, consistencia firme, circunscrito, móvil, doloroso a la palpación, sin tiempo de evolución determinado y cuyo estudio histopatológico exhibió una proliferación de células anguladas e hipercromáticas de escaso citoplasma, organizadas en patrón cribiforme y predominantemente tubular. Se realiza un estudio inmunohistoquímico, el cual mostró positividad para SMA, p63 y CD117 con un Ki-67 del 10 % aproximadamente. Estos resultados confirman diagnóstico de CAQ con patrón tubular, destacando el rol del CD117 para el diagnóstico diferencial con adenocarcinoma polimorfo. Se deriva a la paciente para tratamiento quirúrgico y radioterapia, y luego de un año de seguimiento mantiene un buen comportamiento clínico.


ABSTRACT Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACCC) is a malignant neoplasm of the salivary gland, of slow evolution but aggressive behavior, which frequently occurs in the palate; however, in the upper lip, where more benign neoplasms are usually found, its presence is scarcely reported. We report the case of a 63-year-old woman, referred for presenting a nodule in the right upper lip, with benign appearance, firm consistency, circumscribed, mobile, painful to palpation, with no determined time of evolution and whose histopathological study showed a proliferation of angular and hyperchromatic cells with scarce cytoplasm, organized in a cribriform pattern and predominantly tubular. An immunohistochemical study was performed, which showed positivity for SMA, p63 and CD117 with a Ki-67 of approximately 10%. These results confirm the diagnosis of CAC with tubular pattern, highlighting the role of CD117 for the differential diagnosis with polymorphous adenocarcinoma. The patient was referred for surgical treatment and radiotherapy, and after one year of follow-up she maintained a good clinical behavior.


RESUMO O carcinoma adenoide cístico (CACC) é uma neoplasia maligna da glândula salivar, de evolução lenta, mas de comportamento agressivo, que ocorre frequentemente no palato; no entanto, a sua presença é raramente relatada no lábio superior, onde normalmente se encontram neoplasias mais benignas. Relatamos o caso de uma mulher de 63 anos que foi encaminhada por apresentar um nódulo benigno no lábio superior direito, de aspeto firme, circunscrito, móvel, doloroso à palpação, sem tempo de evolução definido. O exame histopatológico revelou uma proliferação de células angulosas e hipercromáticas com citoplasma escasso, organizadas em padrão cribriforme e predominantemente tubulares. Foi efetuado um estudo imuno-histoquímico que mostrou positividade para SMA, p63 e CD117 com um Ki-67 de aproximadamente 10 %. Estes resultados confirmam o diagnóstico de CAC com padrão tubular, realçando o papel do CD117 no diagnóstico diferencial com adenocarcinoma polimorfo. A paciente foi encaminhada para tratamento cirúrgico e radioterapia e, após um ano de seguimento, manteve bom comportamento clínico.

3.
Rev. chil. endocrinol. diabetes ; 16(4): 130-133, 2023. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1512179

ABSTRACT

La tiroiditis subaguda (TSA) es un trastorno inflamatorio autolimitado de la glándula tiroides. Es más común en mujeres y se caracteriza por dolor cervical, síntomas inflamatorios sistémicos y disfunción tiroidea. La TSA se ha asociado a una infección viral previa, generalmente respiratoria o enteral. Múltiples virus se han relacionado con TSA. Desde mayo de 2020 se reportaron casos de TSA relacionados con la infección por SARS-CoV-2. Describimos 3 casos de SAT después de la vacuna COVID-19. Dos casos fueron inoculados con vacuna SARS-CoV-2 inactivada (CoronaVac) y uno con vacuna de ARNm Pfizer-BioNTech. Los síntomas clínicos comenzaron pocas semanas después de la inoculación. Presentaron dolor cervical anterior, fiebre, astenia y tirotoxicosis transitoria. En todos los casos la evolución fue favorable. Hasta donde sabemos, estos son los primeros casos de SAT posteriores a la vacuna COVID-19 descritos en Chile.


Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is a self-limited inflammatory disorder of the thyroid gland. The disease is more common in women and is characterized by neck pain, systemic symptoms, and thyroid dysfunction. SAT It has been associated with viral, respiratory or enteral infection. Multiple viruses had been related to SAT. Since May 2020, cases of SAT related to SARS-CoV-2 infection were reported. We describe 3 cases of SAT following COVID-19 vaccine. Two cases were inoculated with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac) and one with mRNA vaccine Pfizer­BioNTech. The clinical symptoms began few weeks after inoculation. They presented with neck pain, fever, general malaise and transient thyrotoxicosis. All cases revered spontaneously. To our knowledge, these are the first cases of SAT following COVID-19 vaccine described in Chile.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Aged , Thyroiditis, Subacute/chemically induced , COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects , Vaccines, Inactivated/adverse effects , BNT162 Vaccine/adverse effects
4.
Acta investigación psicol. (en línea) ; 12(1): 117-138, ene.-abr. 2022. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1429550

ABSTRACT

Resumen El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo conocer la estructura factorial de la escala de mantenimiento en las relaciones de pareja en hombres y mujeres. Participaron de manera voluntaria y confidencial 731 personas (49.8% hombres y 50.2% mujeres). Se elaboró una escala con 178 reactivos, para evaluar el mantenimiento de las relaciones de pareja con base en un estudio exploratorio, con un formato de respuesta tipo Likert de 5 puntos. Esta consta de cuatro subescalas: Significado (46 reactivos y 6 factores), Motivos (30 reactivos y cuatro factores), Estrategias (46 reactivos y 6 factores) y Consecuencias (56 reactivos y 4 factores). Para cada subescala se obtuvo el análisis psicométrico. Los resultados indican una escala valida y confiable en sus cuatro subescalas, a través de análisis factoriales exploratorios y análisis de consistencia interna. Los hallazgos permiten contar con un instrumento robusto que permite evaluar en sus diferentes subescalas las áreas que componen el mantenimiento en la pareja, esto con la finalidad de realizar evaluaciones en las relaciones diádicas que fomenten parejas saludables, así como intervenciones, basadas en esta primera aproximación.


Abstract The purpose of this research was to obtain the factor structure of the Couple Relationship Maintenance Scale using a Mexican sample of men and women. A total of 731 voluntary people (49.8% men, 50.2% women) were part of this study and agreed to do so confidentially. Based on results from an exploratory study, the scale was initially developed considering 178 items in order to assess maintenance of couple relationships with a 5-point Likert response style. The scale was divided into four subscales: Meaning (46 items, 6 factors), Motives (30 items, 4 factors), Strategies (46 items, 6 factors), and Consequences (56 items, 4 factors). Each subscale required its own psychometric analysis. Exploratory factor analysis and internal consistency analysis show a valid and reliable scale in all four subscales. These findings allow for a robust scale that allows the evaluation of maintenance throughout several of its components. The development of instruments like the one presented becomes fundamental in the evaluation of dyadic relationships that in turn develop healthy couple relationships, as well as evidence-based interventions.

5.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 38(6): 783-789, dic. 2021. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388321

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: Se desconoce el grado de supresión viral en pacientes con infección por VIH que inician terapia antirretroviral (TAR) con cargas virales (CV) muy altas. OBJETIVO: Conocer el porcentaje de supresión viral en pacientes con VIH que inician TAR con CV ≥ 500.000 copias/mL a 96 semanas. PACIENTES Y MÉTODO: Estudio retrospectivo. Se incluyeron pacientes que iniciaron TAR con CV ≥ 500.000 copias/mL, entre los años 2008 y 2018, estratificándose en base a escala logarítmica. Se determinó el porcentaje de supresión viral, y las variables asociadas a este desenlace. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 221 pacientes. La mediana de edad y CV era de 43 años y 6,0 log, respectivamente, estando la mayoría (37%) en estadio C3 al inicio de TAR. El 48,8 y 87,7% de los pacientes logró la supresión viral al año y dos años de seguimiento, respectivamente. Se observó que, a mayor edad, a mayor inmunosupresión, y a mayor CV, mayor el tiempo para lograr la indetectabilidad. Sólo se demostró fracaso virológico en tres pacientes. DISCUSIÓN: Los pacientes con infección por VIH que inician TAR con CV muy altas demoran más tiempo en lograr la supresión viral, lo cual es proporcional a la magnitud de ésta y al grado de inmunosupresión, sin que esto conlleve mayor riesgo de fracaso virológico.


BACKGROUND: The degree of viral suppression in HIV patients who start antiretroviral therapy (ART) with very high viral loads (CV) is unknown. AIM: To know the percentage of viral suppression in HIV patients who start ART with CV ≥ 500,000 copies/mL at 96 weeks. METHOD: Retrospective study. Patients who started ART with a CV ≥ 500,000 copies/mL between 2008 and 2018 were included, stratifying on the basis of a logarithmic scale. The percentage of viral suppression and the variables associated with this outcome were determined. RESULTS: 221 patients were included. The median age and CV were 43 years and 6.0 log, respectively, with the majority (37%) being in stage C3 at the start of ART. 48.8 and 87.7% of the patients achieved viral suppression at one year and two years of follow-up, respectively. It was observed that the older the immunosuppression, and the higher CV, the longer the time to achieve undetectability. Virological failure was only demonstrated in three patients. DISCUSSION: Patients with HIV infection who start ART with very high CVs take longer to achieve viral suppression, which is proportional to the magnitude of this and the degree of immunosuppression, without this entailing a greater risk of virological failure.


Subject(s)
Humans , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , Serologic Tests , Retrospective Studies , CD4 Lymphocyte Count , Viral Load , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active
6.
Salud pública Méx ; 63(6): 789-798, nov.-dic. 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1432326

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Objetivo: Conocer la magnitud del consumo excesivo de alcohol (CEA) y su asociación con los factores individuales, familiares y sociales entre agosto y noviembre de 2020 en México. Material y métodos: Con base en los datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2020 sobre Covid-19, se analizaron 8 595 adultos mayores de 20 años. Se estimaron modelos de regresión logística estratificados por sexo y se obtuvieron razones de momios (RM) con intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC95%). Resultados: El CEA fue de 40.43%; hombres 56.49% y mujeres 25.70%. Los principales factores asociados fueron ser hombre (RM=3.66; IC95%: 3.22,4.12), edad de 20 a 29 años (RM=3.65; IC95%: 2.89,4.63), salir a trabajar durante la pandemia (RM=1.56; IC95%: 1.33,1.81) y tener dos o más escolares en el hogar (RM=1.20; IC95%: 1.03,1.39). Conclusiones: En México, el patrón de CEA es prevalente; por su naturaleza de riesgo y su amplia distribución poblacional, es prioritario implementar intervenciones preventivas individuales y de salud pública.


Abstract: Objective: Estimate the magnitude of binge drinking and its association with individual, family, and social factors between August to November 2020 in Mexico. Materials and methods: Based on the data from National Health and Nutrition Survey 2020 Covid-19, 8 595 adults over 20 years old were analyzed. Stratified logistic regression models by sex were estimated obtaining odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results: The binge drinking reported was 40.43%; in men 56.49% and in women 25.70%. The main associated factors were being a man (OR=3.66; 95%CI: 3.22,4.17), age 20 to 29 years (OR=3.56; 95%CI: 2.89,4.63), going to work during the pandemic (OR=1.56; 95%CI: 1.33,1.81), and having two or more people of school children (OR=1.20; 95%CI: 1.03,1.39). Conclusions: The binge drinking pattern in Mexico is prevalent; due to the risky nature and the wide population distribution, it is a priority to implement individual preventive and public health interventions.

7.
Rev. habanera cienc. méd ; 19(5): e3153, sept.-oct. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1144693

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: la depresión en los adolescentes se ha asociado con diferentes factores, aquellos de tipo familiar cobran cada vez mayor relevancia. En la región quindiana se conocen pocos estudios al respecto. Objetivo: analizar la asociación entre depresión y funcionamiento familiar en adolescentes escolarizados del municipio de Circasia, Quindío. Material y métodos: se contó con la participación de 240 adolescentes, hombres y mujeres, entre 15 y 19 años escolarizados en las instituciones educativas del municipio de Circasia, seleccionados a través de un muestreo aleatorio simple. Se aplicó el Inventario de Depresión de Beck, el APGAR familiar de Smilkstein y una encuesta para indagar datos sociodemográficos, familiares y de salud. Resultados: Se identificó algún nivel de depresión en el 45,8 por ciento de los participantes y disfuncionalidad familiar en el 46,3 por ciento. Se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre depresión moderada/grave y disfunción familiar leve y grave (p< 0,001). La depresión también se asoció con antecedentes personales y familiares de conducta suicida, relaciones familiares regulares o malas y conflictos familiares. Conclusiones: la disfunción familiar se asocia con síntomas depresivos moderados y graves en los adolescentes. Se requieren estudios posteriores que profundicen el análisis de diferentes variables familiares(AU)


ABSTRACT Introduction: Depression in teenagers has been associated with different factors and those of familiar type are gaining greater relevance. Few research works on this topic are known in the department of Quindío. Objective: To analyze the association between depression and family functioning in schooled teenagers in the municipality of Circasia, Quindío. Material and Methods: A total of 240 male and female adolescents between 15 and 19 years of age who received schooling in Educational Institutions of that region were evaluated. They were selected through a simple random sampling. The Beck Depression Inventory, the Smilkstein, G family APGAR and a survey about sociodemographic, family and health data were applied. Results: Different depression levels were identified in 45,8 percent of the participants; family dysfunction was found in 46,3 percent of them. A statistically significant association between moderate and severe depression and mild and severe family dysfunction (p <0.001) was found. Depression was also associated with personal and family history of suicidal behavior, regular or poor family relationships, and family conflicts. Conclusions: Family dysfunction is associated with moderate and severe depressive symptoms in adolescents. Future research is needed to analyze different family variables(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Depression/etiology , Family Relations , Cross-Sectional Studies , Colombia , Observational Study
8.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 36(6): 774-777, dic. 2019.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1058110

ABSTRACT

Resumen En Chile, la cepa del virus parotídeo utilizada en la vacuna es Leningrad-Zagreb (L-Z). Aunque la relación entre meningitis y la cepa L-Z sigue siendo controvertida, la mayoría de los casos reportados han presentado un cuadro de curso benigno y sin secuelas neurológicas. Presentamos el caso de una paciente que tres semanas post-inmunización con la vacuna tresvírica evolucionó con una meningitis aséptica de predominio mononuclear, con serología para IgM positiva contra el virus parotídeo. En este caso clínico, existió una relación temporal entre la vacunación, el inicio del cuadro parotídeo y posteriormente el meníngeo; la curva de inmunoglobulinas demostró una infección aguda posterior a la vacuna. Si bien no se logró aislar el virus en LCR, es razonable atribuir el cuadro a una infección post-vacunal.


In Chile, the strain of the mumps virus used in the vaccine is Leningrad-Zagreb (L-Z). Although the relationship between meningitis and the L-Z strain remains controversial, most of the reported cases have shown a benign course without permanent neurological sequelae. We present a case of a patient who presented an aseptic meningitis three weeks after immunization with a mumps vaccine; and laboratory confirmation showed positive serum mumps IgM antibody. In this clinical case, there was a temporal relationship between vaccination and the onset of the mumps and subsequently the meningeal involvement; the immunoglobulin curve demonstrates acute infection after vaccination. Although it was not possible to isolate the virus in CSF, it is reasonable to attribute the picture to a post-vaccinal infection.


Subject(s)
Humans , Meningitis , Mumps , Mumps Vaccine/adverse effects , Chile , Mumps virus
9.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 146(3): 290-299, mar. 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-961393

ABSTRACT

Background: The HIV epidemic reached Chile in late 1980s and as an early response, AIDS care centers were organized. Fundación Arriarán (FA) was the first center. Free antiretroviral therapy (ART) was later provided with progressive coverage and complexity over the years. Aim: To quantify evolution of mortality, retention and loss to follow up (LTFU) over 25 years according to different periods of access to ART, from no availability to full coverage with current drugs at FA center. Material and Methods: Retrospective analysis of FA database of 5,080 adults admitted between 1990 and 2014. The sample was distributed in 7 groups: A: no ART (1990-92), B: monotherapy, C: dual therapy, D: dual/triple ART, E: early triple therapy with incomplete coverage, F same as E but with complete coverage and G: contemporary ART (2008-14). Mortality, retention and LTFU were evaluated at 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 years and at 31/12/2015. Results: Mortality varied from 40% to 2%, and 62% to 7% at 1 and 5 years, for groups A and G respectively; from 71% to 16% at 10 years for groups A and E, respectively. Retention at 5 years were 28%, 23%, 39%, 62%, 75%, 75% and 77% for groups A to G, respectively. LTFU was 10%, 19%, 15%, 17%, 9% 12% and 10% at 5 years for same groups, respectively. At 12/31/2015 22% of patients had died, 11% were LTFU, 60% were retained in care and 6% had been transferred. Conclusions: There is a marked reduction in mortality and increase in retention of HIV patients' concomitant to expanded access to modern therapy, although LTFU remains a problem.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , HIV Infections/mortality , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Refusal to Treat/statistics & numerical data , Anti-Retroviral Agents/administration & dosage , National Health Programs , Chile/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Follow-Up Studies
10.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 77(5): 373-381, oct. 2017. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-894503

ABSTRACT

La insuficiencia aórtica aguda (IAOA) por endocarditis infecciosa (EI) es grave y generalmente requiere tratamiento quirúrgico. Se compararon los pacientes con IAOA grave por EI e insuficiencia cardíaca (IC) en clase funcional I-II NYHA (G1) con los pacientes en clase funcional III-IV (G2) en relación a características clínicas, ecocardiográficas, microbiológicas y evolución hospitalaria y se evaluaron los predictores de mortalidad, en un centro de alta complejidad. Desde 06/92 a 07/16, de 439 pacientes con EI, 86 presentaron IAOA: (G1, 39: 45.4% y G2, 47: 54.7%). El G1 presentó mayor EI protésica (43.6% vs. 17.0%; p < 0.01). Los 47 casos G2 presentaban disnea vs. 12 (30.8%) G1 (p < 0.0001). No hubo diferencias en cuanto a las características clínicas, ecocardiográficas y microbiológicas. El tratamiento quirúrgico fue principalmente por extensión de la infección y/disfunción valvular en el G1 y por IC en el G2. La mortalidad hospitalaria fue del 15.4% vs. 27.7% (G1 y G2 respectivamente, p NS). Fueron predictores en el análisis multivariado: la infección intrahospitalaria (p 0.001), los hemocultivos negativos (p 0.004) y la presencia de IC clase funcional III-IV (p 0.039).Una quinta parte de los pacientes con EI presentaron IAOA. Aquellos con IC grave requirieron tratamiento quirúrgico de emergencia y con IC con clase funcional I-II requirieron cirugía por extensión de la infección y/o disfunción valvular. La mortalidad quirúrgica y hospitalaria continúan siendo elevadas en ambos grupos y fueron predictores de mortalidad hospitalaria: la infección intrahospitalaria, los hemocultivos negativos y la IC avanzada.


Acute aortic regurgitation (AAR) due to infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious disease and usually requires surgical treatment. Our study aims to compare the clinical, echocardiographic, and microbiological characteristics as well as in-hospital outcome of patients with AAR according to the severity of heart failure (HF) and to evaluate predictors of in-hospital mortality in a tertiary centre. In a prospective analysis, we compared patients with NYHA functional class I-II HF (G1) vs. functional class III-IV HF (G2). From 06/92 to 07/16, 439 patients with IE were hospitalized; 86 presented AAR: (G1, 39: 45.4% y G2, 47: 54.7%). The G1 had higher prosthetic IE (43.6% vs. 17%, p 0.01). All G2 patients had dyspnoea vs. 30.8% of the G1 (p < 0.0001). There were no differences in clinical, echocardiographic and microbiological characteristics. Surgical treatment was indicated mainly due to infection extension or valvular dysfunction in G1 and HF in G2. In-hospital mortality was 15.4% vs. 27.7% (G1 and G2 respectively p NS). In multivariate analysis, health care-associated acquisition (p 0.001), negative blood cultures (p 0.004), and functional class III-IV HF (p 0.039) were in-hospital mortality predictors. One-fifth of the patients with EI had AAR. Half of them had severe HF which needed emergency surgery and the remaining needed surgery for extension of the infection and / or valvular dysfunction. Both groups remain to have high surgical and in-hospital mortality. Health care-associated acquisition, negative blood cultures and advanced HF were predictors of in-hospital mortality.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aortic Valve Insufficiency/etiology , Endocarditis, Bacterial/complications , Aortic Valve Insufficiency/mortality , Echocardiography , Acute Disease , Prospective Studies , Hospital Mortality , Endocarditis, Bacterial/microbiology , Endocarditis, Bacterial/mortality
11.
Acta investigación psicol. (en línea) ; 7(1): 2593-2605, abr. 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-949455

ABSTRACT

Resumen: El propósito de este estudio instrumental fue obtener las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Violencia de Pareja que se expresa a través de Medios Electrónicos (EVIME) en adolescentes mexicanos. Colaboraron 878 participantes, hombres y mujeres con edades de entre 12 y 19 años (M = 16.58; DE = 1.36 años). Dicha escala está compuesta por 32 reactivos agrupados en 5 factores y con formato de respuesta tipo Likert de 4 opciones. Se obtuvo la validez de constructo mediante análisis factorial de componentes principales con rotación ortogonal (varimax) que explican el 57.7% de la varianza (prueba KMO = 0.93, p = 0.00). La consistencia interna total tiene un valor alfa de Cronbach α = 0.94. Las prevalencias de violencia en una muestra probabilística de 1,278 adolescentes para cada una de las dimensiones son: control, monitoreo intrusivo y vigilancia cibernética = 44.3%; agresión verbal = 15.5%; agresión sexual = 11.9%; coerción sexual = 7.7% y humillación = 6.1%. La violencia de pareja que se manifiesta a través de medios electrónicos es un problema social y de salud pública emergente que posee cualidades específicas debido a la naturaleza de las herramientas tecnológicas que utilizan los adolescentes para interactuar con la pareja romántica.


Abstract: The aim of this study was to get the psychometric characteristics for the Social/Electronic Media Violence in Couples Scale (EVIME for its initials in Spanish) in Mexican teenagers. There were 878 participants, men and women with ages ranging between 12 and 19 years old (M = 16.58; SD = 1.36). This scale is composed by 32 items grouped into 5 factors with 4 Likert-type answer options. The construct validity was obtained through a factorial analysis of principal components with an orthogonal rotation (varimax) which account for the 57.7% of the variance (KMO test = .93, P = .00). The total internal consistency has a Cronbach's alpha of α = .94. Violence prevalence in a probabilistic simple of 1,278 teenagers for each dimension are: control, intrusive monitoring and cybernetic vigilance = 44.3%; verbal aggression = 15.5%; sexual aggression = 11.9%; sexual coercion = 7.7% and humiliation = 6.1%. Violence in couples through social/electronic media is a social and public health growing problem with specific characteristics due to all the variety of technological tools teenagers use to interact with their couple.

12.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 32(supl.1): 72-80, feb. 2015. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-742527

ABSTRACT

Background: There has been an increasing number of immigrants to Chile in the last years, especially from South American countries. The phenomenon of immigration and its consequences has been studied by international literature, and different health care needs have been reported for this group as compared with local population. In Chile this phenomenon is poorly studied and HIV prevention campaigns are focused on national population needs. Objective: To determine baseline clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the HIV infection in Latin-American immigrants presenting to a referral HIV clinical care centre between the years 2003-2013. Methods: Retrospective analysis. Baseline characteristics of Latin-American immigrants at admission to the infectious disease unit were compared to a peered group of Chileans in the same unit. Results: There was an increase in the number of immigrants trough out the observation period. Foreigners presented larger proportion of women (26% vs. 9%) and heterosexual conduct as compared to nationals (37% vs 22%). The majority of immigrants came from Peru (55%) and Colombia (12%). Conclusions: There were significant differences in regards to gender and sexual behavior. This brings up the need to address different prevention strategies with more emphasis in women and heterosexual population in this vulnerable group.


Introducción: Chile ha experimentado un aumento de inmigrantes, especialmente sudamericanos. La literatura médica internacional describe necesidades de atención diferenciadas entre migrantes y poblaciones autóctonas. En Chile se han mantenido estrategias de prevención de la infección por virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) únicamente basadas en necesidades de la población nacional. Objetivos: Describir las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de la infección por VIH en pacientes inmigrantes latinoamericanos atendidos en Fundación Arriarán en los últimos 10 años, comparados con población chilena. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo. Comparación de características basales de población latinoamericana de nacionalidad distinta a la chilena y pacientes chilenos en la misma unidad. Resultados: Se observó un aumento gradual de casos en inmigrantes a lo largo del periodo. Las nacionalidades predominantes fueron peruana (55%) y colombiana (12%). Los extranjeros presentaron mayor proporción de mujeres (26 vs 9%) y de conducta heterosexual (37 vs 22%) que los nacidos en Chile. No hubo diferencias en la presentación clínica. Conclusiones: Hubo diferencias significativas en la distribución por género y conducta sexual de los pacientes extranjeros en comparación con los nacionales. Esto plantea la necesidad de adoptar estrategias de prevención con mayor énfasis en mujeres y población heterosexual en este subgrupo de pacientes vulnerables.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Emigrants and Immigrants/statistics & numerical data , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Medical Records/statistics & numerical data , Chile/epidemiology , Latin America/ethnology , Retrospective Studies , Sex Distribution , Sexual Behavior/statistics & numerical data , Tertiary Care Centers
13.
Acta investigación psicol. (en línea) ; 5(3): 2224-2239, abr. 2015. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-949416

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Objetivo Estimar la prevalencia y algunos factores asociados a la violencia de pareja en mujeres de Ecatepec, Estado de México. Material y métodos Se aplicó una encuesta sobre violencia de pareja en una muestra representativa de mujeres adultas. Se estimó un modelo binomial negativo inflado de ceros para identificar los factores asociados a la presencia y ausencia de violencia. Resultados Una de cada tres mujeres reportaron eventos de violencia de pareja. Los factores asociados fueron: escolaridad, violencia durante la infancia, la interrupción de un embarazo, consumo frecuente de alcohol de la pareja masculina, la limitada capacidad para la toma de decisiones y la presencia de estereotipos de género rígidos y tradicionales. Conclusiones La violencia de pareja es un problema frecuente en Ecatepec y se requiere instrumentar programas de intervención enfocados en el manejo de sus determinantes en este contexto sociocultural.


Abstract: Aim To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with intimate partner violence among women at Ecatepec, Estado de Mexico. Material and methods Was applied a survey to a representative sample of adult women from Ecatepec, Estado de Mexico about magnitude and correlates of intimate partner violence. Was estimated a zero-inflated negative binomial model to simultaneously identify factors associated with the presence and absence of violence. Results 33% of women reported intimate partner violence events. Factors associated with intimate partner violence were: schooling, childhood abuse, abortion, partner alcohol consumption, non-shared couple decision making and gender stereotypes. Conclusion Intimate partner violence is a public health problem in Ecatepec, requiring the instrumentation of intervention programs focused in its determinants for this sociocultural context.

14.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 30(1): 23-30, feb. 2013. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-665580

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Hodgkin lymphomas (HL) and non Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) are frequently associated to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in adults. Objective: To systematize the clinical features and histological characteristics of lymphomas in AIDS patients, its treatment and outcomes in our institution. Patients and Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients with HIV-associated lymphoma between January 2001 and December 2008 at the San Borja Arriarán Hospital complex. Results: Information was obtained from 30 patients with NHL and 7 with HL, with a median of 40 years. The majority of tumors were Burkitt lymphoma (47%), diffuse large cell lymphoma B-cell (37%) and NHL of T lineage (10%). There was no CNS or cavities lymphoma. Almost all patients (86.7%) with NHL were treated with CHOP chemotherapy, 57% of those receiving treatment had progression or relapse from complete remission. A rescue chemotherapy was indicated in 4 patients. 73% of patients receiving CHOP, complete 5 to 6 cycles of chemotherapy. The use of CHOP chemotherapy for the subgroup of patients with Burkitt lymphoma achieved low rates of complete remission and frequent relapse and disease progression, showing that CHOP was ineffective in improving survival, especially in high risk patients. We found statistically significant differences in survival according to IPIae (International prognostic Index age-adjusted). Conclusion: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma in HIV patients treated with chemotherapy protocols PAlNDA persists in our environment as a disease with a poor prognosis compared with findings in the international literature. The incorporation of new drugs of proven utility as rituximab and specific schemes chemotherapy could improve these results. The establishment of prognostic groups established by IPIae can guide clinical work for the use of chemotherapy tailored to their specific risk and optimized according to histological type.


Introducción: Los linfomas de Hodgkin (LH) y no Hodgkin (LNH) se asocian con alta frecuencia al síndrome de inmunodeficiencia humana en adultos. Objetivo: Sistematizar los aspectos clínicos e histológicos de los linfoma que afectan a pacientes con SIDA, su tratamiento y resultados globales en nuestra institución. Pacientes y Métodos: Análisis retrospectivo de pacientes con linfoma asociado a VIH entre enero de 2001 y diciembre de 2008 en el complejo hospitalario San Borja Arriarán. Resultados: Se obtuvo información de 30 pacientes con LNH y 7 LH, con una mediana de 40 años. Los tipos histológicos predominantes fueron linfoma de Burkitt (47 %), linfoma difuso de células grandes de estirpe B (37 %) y LNH de estirpe T (10%). No se diagnosticaron LNH del SNC ni linfoma de cavidades. Casi la totalidad de los pacientes (86,7%) con LNH se trataron con esquema CHOP, 57% de quienes recibieron tratamiento presentaron progresión o recaída desde remisión completa, ofreciéndoles una quimioterapia de rescate a cuatro pacientes. El 73% de los pacientes que recibieron CHOP lograron completar entre cinco y seis ciclos de quimioterapia. El uso de quimioterapia CHOP para el subgrupo de pacientes con linfoma de Burkitt alcanzó bajos porcentajes de remisión completa y mayoritariamente progresó la enfermedad, siendo esta quimioterapia, inefectiva para mejorar la sobrevida, especialmente en los pacientes de riesgo alto. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en sobrevida según el IPIae (índice internacional pronóstico ajustado por edad) al ingreso. Conclusión: El LNH en los pacientes con VIH tratados con los protocolos de quimioterapia PANDA persiste en nuestro medio como una enfermedad de muy mal pronóstico comparado con los resultados en la literatura internacional. La incorporación de nuevos fármacos de demostrada utilidad como rituximab y esquemas específicos de quimioterapia podrían mejorar estos resultados. El establecimiento de grupos pronósticos establecidos por IPIae puede orientar el trabajo clínico para el uso de quimioterapia ajustada a su riesgo específico y optimizado según tipo histológico.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Hodgkin Disease , Lymphoma, AIDS-Related , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Chile/epidemiology , Cyclophosphamide/therapeutic use , Doxorubicin/therapeutic use , Hodgkin Disease/drug therapy , Hodgkin Disease/mortality , Hodgkin Disease/pathology , Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/drug therapy , Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/mortality , Lymphoma, AIDS-Related/pathology , Neoplasm Staging , Prognosis , Prednisone/therapeutic use , Retrospective Studies , Survival Analysis , Treatment Outcome , Vincristine/therapeutic use
15.
Rev. colomb. anestesiol ; 40(3): 224-230, jul.-oct. 2012. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-663765

ABSTRACT

La interpretación inicial del proceso de coagulación mencionaba la presencia de 2 vías: la extrínseca, formada por el factor tisular (FT) y el factor VII, y la intrínseca, en la que participan los factores XII, XI, IX, VIII y V. Hoy en día este concepto ha cambiado y se acepta de forma categórica que el evento iniciador principal de la coagulación sanguínea es la exposición del FT. En este artículo revisamos los nuevos conceptos de la cascada de coagulación con los hallazgos de la tromboelastografía y los diferentes mecanismos que precipitan la coagulopatía asociada al trauma. Para tal fin se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en las principales bases de datos, como Medline, Embase y Lilacs, en el periodo comprendido entre 2000 y 2011. Se encontraron 114 artículos, de los cuales se tomaron 50 para realizar la revisión. Como hallazgo relevante se encontró que la tromboelastografía permite detectar con precisión el defecto subyacente en la cascada de coagulación, y de esta manera se ha convertido en una herramienta útil e indispensable para guiar el manejo de la coagulopatía asociada al trauma.


Initial interpretation of the process of coagulation refers to two pathways: (1) the extrinsic pathway, consisting of tissue factor (TF) and factor VII, and (2) the intrinsic pathway, in which factors XII, XI, IX, VIII and V are involved. Currently, this concept has changed and it is accepted that the main initiating event in blood coagulation is TF exposure. In this article, we review the new concepts of the coagulation cascade based on thromboelastography findings and the different mechanisms involved in trauma-associated coagulopathy. For this purpose, a systematic research was carried out using the main databases, including Medline, Embase and Lilacs between 2000 and 2011. One hundred and fourteen articles were found, and 50 were selected for the review. A relevant finding was that thromboelastography allows a precise detection of the underlying flaw in the coagulation cascade. Therefore, this procedure has become an essential tool and a guide for the management of trauma-associated coagulopathy.


Subject(s)
Humans
16.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 140(1): 66-72, ene. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-627609

ABSTRACT

Background: During hospitalization, hyper and hypoglycemia impairs the prognosis of diabetic patients. Strict glycemic control improves survival in intensive care units. There is no evidence to support it for patients in non-critical wards. Aim: To evaluate the glycemic control of diabetic patients in a non-critical medical unit, and estimate its effect on hospitalization and survival. Material and Methods: Prospective study of all patients admitted to a non-critical ward with a fasting blood glucose (BG) > 126 mg/dl or > 200 mg /dl at any time, and patients with known diabetes. Age, sex, type of diabetes, time since diagnosis, chronic complications, prior treatment, length of stay, admission and discharge diagnosis were registered. All capillary BG levels obtained from each patient until discharge, death or transfer, were registered. Results: Ninety nine patients aged 63 ± 13.4 years (42 males,) were included. Ninety one percent had a type 2 diabetes with a mean duration of 13.8 years. Mean hospital stay was 10.9 days. At least one hypoglycemia below 70 mg/dl occurred in 21% of patients and 39.4% had at least one episode with blood glucose over 300 mg/dl. Median hospital stay of patients with no episode of BG > 200 mg/dl was 6 days, 10.5 days among patients with at least one episode of BG > 300 mg/dl and 13 days among patients that had at least one episode of hypoglycemia (p = 0.02). Diabetes lasted nine years more among the latter (p < 0.01). Three patients that suffered hypoglycemia and two in the rest of the groups, died (NS). Conclusions: Two of three diabetic patients admitted to our non-critical medical ward have a non-optimal glycemic control. Appearance of hypoglycemia is associated with a longer hospital stay.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Blood Glucose/analysis , Diabetes Mellitus/blood , Glycemic Index , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Quality Assurance, Health Care , Length of Stay , Longitudinal Studies , Prospective Studies
17.
Rev. salud pública ; 12(6): 961-973, dic. 2010. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-602844

ABSTRACT

Objetivo La vacuna contra el VPH es una nueva tecnología disponible para el control del cáncer de cuello uterino. Se espera, que en el menor tiempo posible esta vacuna pueda tener cobertura universal. Este artículo presenta la aceptabilidad que tiene los padres de adolescentes en Colombia hacia la vacuna contra el VPH y hace una aproximación a sus determinantes. Métodos Estudio cualitativo en cuatro regiones en Colombia. Se realizaron 17 grupos focales con padres de niñas y niños entre 11 a 14 años estudiantes de colegios públicos y privado. Se realizó análisis de contenido por etapas: lectura abierta, codificación, análisis estructural e interpretación crítica. Se compararon los resultados por región. Resultados El 85 por ciento de los convocados participaron. Los padres de colegios oficiales, estaban dispuestos a vacunar a su hija (o) s y harían un esfuerzo frente a los altos costos de la vacuna. Vacunar a la edad de 12 años para prevenir una infección de transmisión sexual, genera resistencia. Los padres de colegios privados fueron más críticos y expresaron una menor aceptabilidad. En dos regiones consideran que vacunar tiene el riesgo de promover la promiscuidad. Conclusiones La aceptabilidad a la vacuna varía en relación con el contexto sociocultural y educativo. Promover la vacuna para prevenir una infección de transmisión sexual en niñas muy jóvenes (<12 años) puede generar obstáculos para su aceptabilidad; se recomienda promoverla para prevención del cáncer de cuello uterino.


Objective The recently licensed vaccine for preventing cervical cancer offers a fresh opportunity for cancer control; vaccination coverage is a major determinant in its effectiveness. This article presents perceived knowledge and acceptability by parents of adolescents in Colombia regarding the HPV vaccine. Methods A qualitative study was carried out in four areas of Colombia. 16 focus groups were conducted with parents selected from a sample of private and official schools;4 focus groups were run in each region according to gender. All groups were tape-recorded for further transcription and analysis. Content was analyzed via the following steps: reading, coding, structural analysis and critical appraisal. Results 85 percent of parents so contacted participated. Parents from state schools were willing for their children to be vaccinated and make an effort to pay the high cost of such vaccine. Resistance is produced by vaccinating at age 12 to prevent sexually-transmitted infection. Private school parents were more critical and expressed lower acceptability. In two areas parents considered that vaccination involved the risk of promoting promiscuity. Conclusions Parents' acceptability of vaccination varied according to socio-cultural and educational context. Promoting vaccination for preventing a sexually-transmitted infection amongst the parents of very young girls (<12 years) can hamper their acceptability of it; it is thus recommended that it be promoted for preventing cervical cancer and that it should be aimed at a wider age-range for vaccination.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Papillomavirus Vaccines , Parents/psychology , Patient Acceptance of Health Care , Age Factors , Colombia , Focus Groups , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Socioeconomic Factors
18.
Cad. saúde pública ; 26(5): 900-908, maio 2010. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-548356

ABSTRACT

In most developing countries, HPV vaccines have been licensed but there are no national policy recommendations, nor is it clear how decisions on the introduction of this new vaccine are made. Decentralization processes in many Latin American countries favor decision-making at the local level. Through a qualitative study we explored knowledge regarding the HPV vaccine and the criteria that influence decision-making among local health actors in four regions of Colombia. We conducted a total of 14 in-depths interviews with different actors; for the analysis we performed content analysis. Results indicate that decision-making on the HPV vaccine at the local level has mainly been driven by pressure from local political actors, in a setting where there is low technical knowledge of the vaccine. This increases the risk of initiatives that may foster inequity. Local decisions and initiatives need to be strengthened technically and supported by national-level decisions, guidelines and follow-up.


En gran parte de los países en vías de desarrollo, las vacunas contra el VPH tienen aprobación para su comercialización. Sin embargo, no hay recomendaciones y tampoco hay claridad sobre la forma en la que se toman las decisiones para su introducción. La reforma del sistema de salud en muchos países latinoamericanos permite la toma de decisiones en el nivel local. Mediante un estudio cualitativo con actores claves del sector salud en cuatro regiones de Colombia, exploramos el conocimiento sobre la vacuna del VPH y los criterios que influyen en la toma de decisiones. Se realizaron 14 entrevistas en profundidad y análisis de contenido. Los resultados indican que en el nivel local la toma de decisiones sobre la introducción de la vacuna está determinada en gran parte por la presión ejercida por figuras políticas locales. Esto, sumado a un bajo nivel de conocimiento técnico, incrementa la posibilidad de iniciativas con implicaciones éticas considerables. Las decisiones e iniciativas locales relacionadas con esta vacuna necesitan fortalecerse técnicamente y apoyarse desde el nivel nacional.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Decision Making , Health Policy , Papillomavirus Vaccines/therapeutic use , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/prevention & control , Colombia , Developing Countries , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Qualitative Research , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/virology
19.
Rev. colomb. cancerol ; 13(2): 88-98, jun. 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-661679

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Explorar en médicos generales, ginecólogos y pediatras colombianos sus conocimientos generales sobre el virus del papiloma humano (VPH), así como la actitud, disposición personal y percepción que tienen sobre la vacuna contra el VPH. Método: Estudio exploratorio con metodología cualitativa en cuatro regiones de Colombia. En cada una se conformó un grupo focal con médicos generales, ginecólogos y pediatras. Todas las sesiones se grabaron y se transcribieron. Se realizó un análisis de contenido siguiendo las etapas de lectura abierta, codificación, análisis estructural e interpretación crítica. Resultados: Los médicos generales tienen bajos conocimientos del VPH y de la vacuna, mientras que los ginecólogos y los pediatras tienen buenos y excelentes conocimientos, respectivamente. Muchos de los médicos ven una oportunidad de negocio en esta vacuna; en dos regiones son muy escépticos sobre la introducción de la vacuna por la ausencia de protección total y por la dificultad de llegar a la población más necesitada. Conclusiones: En el ámbito médico hay confusión sobre las distintas vacunas, se requiere profundizar en los conocimientos y hay necesidad de dar recomendaciones e indicaciones claras a los médicos. Debe brindarse amplia capacitación y educación, particularmente a los médicos generales, en relación con el VPH, la vacuna y la necesidad de continuar tamizando.


Objective: To survey basic knowledge of the humanpapillomavirus (HPV) among Colombian general paractitioners, gynecologists and pediatricians, as well as their attitudes, personal feelings and perceptions towards the HPV vaccine. Methods: An exploratory, qualitative study was carried out in four regions in Colombia. In each region a focus group made up of general practitioners, gynecologists and pediatricians was set up. Each session was taped and transcribed. Content analysis was based upon the stages of open reading, coding, structural analysis and critical interpretation. Results: General practitioners have scant knowledge of HPV and the vaccine; gynecologists and pediatricians command good and excellent knowledge, respectively. Many physicians espy the commercial gain that could be made off the vaccine. In two regions there was skepticism about introducing the vaccine locally, where it was deemed to be too difficult to achieve total protection, and where it would be unable to reach the needworthy population. Conclusion: Among Colombian physicians, confusion exists concerning the different types of HPV vaccines; therefore, steps should be taken to improve their knowledge on the subject as well as to provide recommendations and clear instructions concerning vaccine application. Educational and training courses, particularly for general practitioners, on HPV, HPV vaccines, and screening should be widely available.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cell Biology/instrumentation , Health Services Coverage , Papillomavirus Vaccines , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms , Colombia , Focus Groups
20.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 136(12): 1503-1510, dic. 2008. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-508902

ABSTRACT

Background: Baseline (BL) CD4 cell count is a major factor in outcome of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART); treatment induced immune recovery and viral response can modulate this outcome. Aim: To evaluate the association between baseline CD4 cell count and outcome during the first HAART régimen. Material and methods: Prospective study in 2,050 patients on first HAART with a follow up (f/u) ofat least 1 year. All had BL CD4 and viral load (VL) counts which were repeated at least twice a year. Patients were grouped according to BL CD4 (cells/mm³) in <100 (Gl), 100-199 (G2) and ≥ (G3). Groups were further divided according to immune and vírologícal response at 1 year in CD4 > or < 200 and VL detectable or undetectable (<80 copies/mL). Outcome measures were death, ALUS defining events (ADE) and, as a surrogate marker of immune recovery reaction, herpes zoster (HZ). Resulte: During the first year of follow up, 113 patients (10.8 percent) diedin Gl (n =1,044), 17 (2.5 percent) in G2 (n =675) (Gl-2 p <0.05) and 9 (2.7 percent) in G3 (n =331) (G2-3 p NS). One hundred twenty five of919 (13.6 percent) patients alive at 1 year had ADE in Gl, 55/643 (8.5 percent) in G2 (p <0.05) and 20/320 (5.2 percent) in G3 (G2-3 p NS). ADEs with follow up CD4 >vs< 200 were: 25/274 (9.1 percent) vs 100/643 (15 7 percent) in Gl (p <0.005); 28/404 (6.9 percent) vs 27/235 (11.2 percent) in G2 (p NS) and 18/281 (6.4 percent) vs 2/41 (4.8 percent) in G3 respectively (p NS). Detectable VL was an additional risk for ADE only in Gl without CD4 recovery. HZ was seen in 6.6 percent of Gl vs 4 percent in G2 (p <0.05) and 4.3 percent in G3. HZ rate was higher in all groups reaching a follow up CD4 >200 than those who did not, with a statistically significant difference at p <0.05 only in Gl (9.5 percent vs 5.3 percent). Conclusions: The occurrence of death and ADE during the first year of HAART was significantly higher in patients with aBL CD4...


Subject(s)
Humans , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , HIV Infections , Viral Load/drug effects , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/immunology , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/prevention & control , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/mortality , Follow-Up Studies , HIV Infections/drug therapy , HIV Infections/immunology , HIV Infections/mortality , Prospective Studies
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