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Diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM) is a disease independently related with coronary artery atherosclerotic heart disease, hypertensive heart disease, valvular heart disease, congenital heart disease and other heart diseases that are uniquely associated with diabetes mellitus, and the pathological manifestations of DCM are mainly myocardial hypertrophy, interstitial fibrosis, necrosis and apoptosis.Endoplasmic reticulum is the central location of many important cellular functions, and endoplasmic reticulum swelling and functional disorder in diabetic cardiomyocytes, high blood sugar can cause endoplasmic reticulum stress, suggesting that endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS) may be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy and development.Based on this, this paper summarizes the progress of ERS in diabetic cardiomyopathy from the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy, unfolding protein reaction and the related role of ERS in DCM.
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Aim To explore the role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate ( NADPH ) oxidase in high fat-induced injury in MIN6 isletβ cells. Methods MIN6 islet β cells were exposed to different concen-trations of palmitic acid ( 0. 1 , 0. 3 , 0. 5 , 0. 8 mmol · L-1 ) for 48 h and different time points of 0. 5 mmol· L-1 palmitic acid(24,48,72,96 h). Cell viability was measured by MTT, the protein expression of NADPH oxidase subunits such as p22 phox , p47 phox , p67 phox and gp91 phox and apoptosis related proteins such as Bcl-2 and Bax were determined by Western blot. Results MIN6 islet cells exposed to palmitic acid at 0. 5 mmol ·L-1 for 48 h showed a decrease in their viability and an increase in the expression of NADPH oxidase sub-units(p22phox、p47phox、p67phox and gp91phox) and Bax(P<0. 05 ) , while Bcl-2 expression was significantly re-duced. the pretreat with NADPH oxidase inhibitor di-phenyliodonium( DPI,10 μmol · L-1 ) significantly in-hibited high fat-induced Bcl-2 and Bax expression( P<0. 05 ) . Conclusion Activated NADPH oxidase might play an important role in the treatment of high fat-in-duced injury in MIN6 islet cells.
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Objective To explore the relationship between meta-mood and learning adaptability of undergraduate nursing students in order to promote the students' academic achievement.Method 225 nursing students participated in the survey using the trait Meta-Mood Scale and the college students' learning adaptability scale.Results The average total scores on meta-mood and learning adaptability were(3.42±0.53)and(3.60±0.52),respectively.They were positively correlated and the 3 dimensions of meta-mood predicted the variance of learning adaptability by 12.7%.Conclusions The meta-mood of undergraduate nursing students is at moderate level,and learning adaptability is at a better level.The nursing administrations or educators should guide students to manage their moods so as to improve the students' learning adaptability.
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Objective To explore the influence of scaffolding instruction on improvement of professional self-concept for undergraduate nursing students in clinical practice.Methods 90 nursing students from 176 undergraduate nursing students were randomly sampled,and were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group with 45 students in each group.The experimental group took routine clinical practice and scaffolding instruction,students of the control group took routine clinical practice.After 1 week and 6 months,professional self-concept of the students of the two groups was measured by questionnaire.Results There were significant improvement in leadership ability,professional skills,flexibility,satisfaction,communication in the experimental group after 6 months,but this improvement was not found in the control group and after 1 week in both groups.Conclusions Scaffolding instruction can effectively improve professional self-concept for undergraduate nursing students in praxis.
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BACKGROUND:Adherent migration of vascular smooth muscle cells and proliferated remodeling of vessel walls following vascular endothelial injury play a key role in onset of restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty,while expression and phosphorylation activation of focal adhesion kinase are attacked during this period.OBJECTIVE:To observe the interventional effect of angiotensin receptor antagonist,telmisartan,on the expression and activation of focal adhesion kinase during vascular-injured remodeling.DESIGN:Randomized controlled animal study.SETTING:Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control and Prevention;Department of Cardiology,Affiliated Hospital of Xianning Medical College;Department of Cardiology,Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology.MATERIALS:The experiment was carded out in the Cardiovascular Laboratory,Wuhan Tongji Hospital from March to May 2005.A total of 36 male Wistar rats weighing 300-360 g were randomly divided into control group,model group and treatment group with 12 in each group.METHODS:Aortal restenosis models were established after endothelial denudation.Foley's tube technique was used to strip vascular endothetium of rats in the model group and the treatment group;while,rats in the control group and the model group were fed and drunk normally; in addition, rats in the treatment group were also given 5 mg/(kg·d) telmisartan solution.Thirty clays after successive administration,vessels at injured sites were collected to observe the morphological changes and extract RNA and protein.Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to measure mRNA expression of focal adhesion kinase and Westem blot technique was USod to measure total protein and phosphorylated protein of focal adhesion kinase.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Proliferation of vessel wall at injured sites; mRNA expression, total protein and phosphorylated protein of focal adhesion kinase at injured sites at 30 days after administration.RESULTS:A total of 36 rats Were involved in the final analysis.Thirty days after operation, aortic tunica intima was thickened in the model group, mRNA expression of focal adhesion kinase was increased, and total protein and phosphorylated protein were higher in the model group than those in the control group;however,proliferation of tunica 5ntima vasorum was lightened in the treatment group, activity of mRNA expression of focal adhesion kinase was decreased, and total protein and phosphorylated protein were lower in the treatment group than those in the model group.CONCLUSION: Telmisartan can remarkably relieve proliferation of tunica intima after denudation and inhibit expression and activation of focal adhesion kinase after vascular injury.Effect of telmisartan on vascular-injured remodeling may be related to inhibiting expression and activation of focal adhesion kinase.
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BACKGROUND: Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) phosphorylation influences the proliferation, migration and apoptosis of cells. However, there are no reports about the role of FAK phosphorylation in migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells during the process of vascular restenosis.OBJECTIVE : To analyze the correlation between FAK phosphorylation and vascular remodeling after balloon endothelial denudation in rats.DESIGN: Random controlled experiments in animals.SETTING: Cardiology Institute of Xianning College; Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Control;Department of Cardiology at the Affiliated Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology.MATERrALS: The experiment was carried out in the Laboratory of Cardiology at the Affiliated Tongji Hospital from March to May in 2005. Forty male Wistar rats were used in the study, and they were managed according to the ethical standard of animals.METHODS: ①Forty rats were randomized into five groups (n =8): non-balloon endothelial denudation control group, and 4-day, 8-day, 16-day and 24-day model groups after balloon endothelial denudation. ②The rat models of restenosis following balloon endothelial denudation were built. At days 4, 8, 16 and 24 postoperatively, the denudated vessels were harvested for the detection of the morphological changes, which were taken as the judgment of successful models;Western blot method was used to detect the expression and activity of FAK. Abdominal aorta of left common carotid in rats was served as controls.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The expressions of FAK and phosphorylation FAK in rat artery.RESULTS: Totally 40 rats were all involved in the result analysis.①A small quantity of FAK without phosphorylation could be detected in the controlled rats. Compared with the control group, the expression and activity of FAK in the model group rapidly increased at 4 days after balloon injury (P ＜ 0.05), and they changed in a similar manner with the increase of injury duration. The expression of FAK reached a peak at 8 days and began to descend at 16 days. The expression of phosphorylation FAK reached a peak at 16 days and then rapidly descended. ②Focal hyperplasia of intima was found at 8 days after balloon endothelial denudation, and diffuse hyperplasia of intima was found at 16-24 days after denudation.CONCLUSION: FAK can take part in vascular remodeling after balloon endothelial denudation in rats. The level of intimal hyperplasia is closely associated with the level of FAK and FAK phosphorylation.
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BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into myocardial cells in vitro and in vivo, but the amount is small and directed differentiation rate is low.OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of stem cell factor (SCF) on promotion of MSCs differentiating into myocardial cells.DESIGN: Opening experiment.SETTING: Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Xianning College and Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed at the Experimental Center of Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Xianning College from October 2003to August 2004. A total of 20 infant SD rats aged 1-2 days were selected for culture of myocardial cells. Another 25 clean adult SD rats were selected and randomly divided into SCF group, blank control group with 12 rats in each group. The left one rat was used for MSCs extraction, culture and purification.METHODS: ①MSCs were labeled with 4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole,dihydrochloride (DAPI) before co-culture. SCF was given into rats of the SCF group by subcutaneous injection successively for 5 days, 20 μg/kg per day. Isolated MSCs were co-cultured with myocardial cells that had been cultured for 3 days. Saline of the same volume was given in the blank control group by subcutaneous injection. MSCs without any intervention were co-cultured with myocardial cells that had been cultured for 3 days.②Expressions of MHC α/β and troponin T were recorded and measured with digital micro-camera shot and immunofluorescence technique, respectively. Percentage of DAPI labeled MSCs differentiating into myocardial cells was measured.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Growth of MSCs, ②detection of labeling rate of DAPI on MSCs, ③analysis of activity and purity of co-cultured myocardial cells, and ④differentiation of MSCs into myocardial cells after co-culture.RESULTS: ①Bone marrow cell suspension was inoculated in plastic petri dish. Round cells scattered at the bottom of bottle. At hour 24 a few long fusiform shape adhered cells appeared following liquor change, and at day 4 many fusiform shape adhered cells appeared, which entered logarithm increased period. At days 8-12 80% were confluence. The proliferation of passage cells was more rapid. With liquor change and passage, the MSCs were purified gradually. ②Labeling rate of DAPI on MSCs was 100%. ③At 3-day in vitro culture of myocardial cells the percentage of beat cells was 63%, with beat frequency of 40-60 times per minute. Percentage of positive cells of troponin T expression was 75% examined with immunocytochemical technique. ④At co-cultured days 2 and 3, positive percentage of DAPI labeled MSCs expressing MHC α/β was significantly higher in the SCF group than in the blank control group (P ＜ 0.01). At the co-cultured days 3, 4 and 5, positive percentage of DAPI labeled MSCs expressing troponin T was obviously higher in the SCF group than in the blank control group (P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: SCF has markedly accelerating effect on proliferation and differentiation of MSCs.
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AIM: To study the effects of norepinephrine preconditioning(NE-P) and ischemic preconditioning (IP)on apoptosis and Bcl-2, Bax expression in rat myocardial cells in myocardial ischemic reperfusion (I/R). METHODS: The model of rat ischemic-reperfusion was used to conduct NE-preconditioning. Apoptotic myocytes were detected with TUNEL. Bcl-2, Bax expression were detected with immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The rate of apoptosis cells in I/R group was higher, the rate of apoptosis cells in NE-P group and IP was lower significantly than that in I/R group( P0.05). CONCLUSION: NE-P reduced myocyte apoptosis by I/R in rats; The expression of Bcl-2 ,Bax genes played an important role in myocardial apoptosis.
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AIM:To investigate the effect of pretreatment of stem cell factor(SCF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF) on the proliferation and the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) into cardiomyogenic cells.METHODS:The MSCs,isolated primarily from bone marrow,and purified by passage culture,were obtained from the adult rats of four groups:the rats were pretreated by 5 daily injections of SCF;the rats were pretreated with G-CSF;the rats were pretreated with SCF and G-CSF;the rats were treated without any intervention.The 4th passage of MSCs was labeled by DAPI and cellular cycle analysis was conducted by flow cytometry before co-culture.The neonatal rat cardiomyocytes cultured for 3 days were co-cultured with DAPI-MSCs.The percentage of the differentiation of MSCs into cardiomyogenic cells during the five co-culture days was analyzed.The morphologic changes of MSCs and the proteins expression of cardiac myosin heavy chain(MHC) and troponin T(TnT) were recorded respectively with digital microscope camera system and immunofluorescence technique.The percentage of the differentiation of MSCs into cardiomyogenic cells was also calculated.RESULTS:The percentage of MSCs in G0/G1 phase in SCF/G-CSF group was significantly lower than that in SCF group,G-CSF group and the control group.The percentage of MHC protein-positive MSCs in SCF/G-CSF group was markedly higher than that in SCF group,G-CSF group and the control group,and that in SCF group and G-CSF group was significantly higher than control group.The percentage of TnT protein-positive MSCs in SCF/G-CSF group,SCF group and G-CSF group was significantly higher than that in control group.CONCLUSION:SCF and G-CSF show the ability to stimulate the proliferation of MSCs and induce MSCs to differentiate into cardiomyocytes.The combination of using SCF and G-CSF is more effective than using only SCF or G-CSF.
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AIM To investigate the preventive effects of taurine on the left ventricle hypertrophy in renovascular hypertensive rats. METHODS Two-kidney 1-clip (2K1C) rats were used to establish the model of renovascular hypertension. The myocardial local aldosterone(Ald) and AngⅡconcentration (MDC,MAC) were measured by radioimmunoassay. Expression of oncogene c-fos mRNA was analyzed by means of in situ hybridization. The myocardial collagen concentration (MCC) was measured by biochemical method. The myocardial tissue structure was observed under the microscope ,and the myocardial fiber diamension (MFD) was measured with micrometer. The linear correlation between MCC, MFD and MAC or MDC was analysed respectively. RESULTS Compared with sham operated rats ,the MCC, MAC, MDC and MFD were significantly increased in 2K1C rats ( P