ABSTRACT
The effect of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) on macrophage-derived foam cell formation and the underlying mechanism were studied. Macrophages isolated from C57BL/6 mice were co-cultured in vitro with different concentrations of TSLP or TSLPR-antibody in the presence of oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). The effects of TSLP on macrophage-derived foam cell formation were observed by using oil red O staining and intracellular lipid determination. The expression levels of foam cell scavenger receptors (CD36 and SRA) as well as ABCA1 and TSLPR were detected by using RT-PCR and Western blotting. As compared with the control group, TSLP treatment significantly promoted lipid accumulation in macrophages, significantly increased protein expression of CD36 and TSLPR in a dose-dependent manner, and significantly reduced the expression of ABCA1 protein in a dose-dependent manner. No significant differences were noted between the TSLPR-antibody group and the control group. TSLP may down-regulate the expression of cholesterol efflux receptor ABCA1 and up-regulate scavenger receptor expression via the TSLPR signaling pathway, thereby promoting macrophage-derived foam cell formation.
ABSTRACT
The effect of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) on macrophage-derived foam cell formation and the underlying mechanism were studied. Macrophages isolated from C57BL/6 mice were co-cultured in vitro with different concentrations of TSLP or TSLPR-antibody in the presence of oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). The effects of TSLP on macrophage-derived foam cell formation were observed by using oil red O staining and intracellular lipid determination. The expression levels of foam cell scavenger receptors (CD36 and SRA) as well as ABCA1 and TSLPR were detected by using RT-PCR and Western blotting. As compared with the control group, TSLP treatment significantly promoted lipid accumulation in macrophages, significantly increased protein expression of CD36 and TSLPR in a dose-dependent manner, and significantly reduced the expression of ABCA1 protein in a dose-dependent manner. No significant differences were noted between the TSLPR-antibody group and the control group. TSLP may down-regulate the expression of cholesterol efflux receptor ABCA1 and up-regulate scavenger receptor expression via the TSLPR signaling pathway, thereby promoting macrophage-derived foam cell formation.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1 , Genetics , Metabolism , Antibodies , Allergy and Immunology , Pharmacology , Blotting, Western , CD36 Antigens , Genetics , Metabolism , Cells, Cultured , Cholesterol , Metabolism , Cholesterol Esters , Metabolism , Cytokines , Pharmacology , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Foam Cells , Cell Biology , Metabolism , Gene Expression , Immunoglobulins , Allergy and Immunology , Metabolism , Lipoproteins, LDL , Pharmacology , Macrophages , Cell Biology , Metabolism , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Receptors, Cytokine , Allergy and Immunology , Metabolism , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Scavenger Receptors, Class A , Genetics , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the influence of endothelial dysfunction induced by inoculated dendritic cells (DCs) loaded heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) in apolipoprotein (Apo) E-null mice, and the effect of Puerarin on it.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>HSP60 DC (DChsp) acquired after prepared bone marrow-derived DCs of ApoE-null mice and treated with HSP60. In vitro, the function of DCs and the effect of Puerarin were detected. While in vivo, ApoE-null mice fed with high-cholesterol forage were divided into two groups and intravenous inoculated with DCh-sp or normal saline via vein twice respectively. The mice in the two groups were subdivided into the Puerarin group and non-treated group, and they were injected intraperitoneally with Puerarin and normal saline at the beginning of inoculation and the following 3 weeks, respectively. In addition, C57BL/6 mice without inoculation were taken as the normal control group. Two weeks after the last time inoculated, the response of T lymphocytes to HSP60 and endothelial-dependent diastolic function of aortic ring were detected.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>HSP60 could promote DCs expressed CD86 and stimulate T lymphocytes proliferation in vitro, while Puerarin had significantly inhibitory effect. After inoculated, DChsp activated inflammatory response in vivo and aggravated endothelium-dependent dilation in mice. Puerarin could significantly inhibit inflammatory reaction caused by DChsp and improve endothelium dilation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Hsp60 could activate DCs in vitro and in vivo, Puerarin could significantly inhibit specific immunity induced by HSP60 and improve vascular endothelium-dependent dilation.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Anti-Inflammatory Agents , Pharmacology , Apolipoproteins E , Genetics , B7-2 Antigen , Allergy and Immunology , Cell Proliferation , Chaperonin 60 , Metabolism , Dendritic Cells , Allergy and Immunology , Endothelium, Vascular , Physiology , Immunity , Inflammation , Isoflavones , Pharmacology , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Mice, Knockout , Protective Agents , Pharmacology , T-Lymphocytes , Vasodilator Agents , PharmacologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of Ginkgo leaf extract (GLE) on function of dendritic cells (DC) and Th1/Th2 cytokines in patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-four patients with UAP were equally assigned into two groups, the treated group and the control group, both treated with conventional Western medicine, but with GLE given additionally to the treated group. Blood of all patients was taken before and 4 weeks after treatment to prepare the peripheral mononuclear cells, then which were incubated in the completed medium containing granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulatory factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) to induce mature DC. The expression of co-stimulating factor CD86 (B7-2) on the surface of DC was detected by flow cytometry, and the stimulating capacity of DC was determined by mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). The blood levels of cytokines, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and IL-4, were analyzed by ELISA, and blood C-reactive protein (CRP) level by turbidimetry. Moreover, the direct effect of Ginkgolide B on CD86 expression on DC were also tested in vitro.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After treatment, CD86 expression on DC, the stimulating capacity of DC as well as levels of IFN-gamma and CRP were lowered in both groups (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), but the changes were much more significant in the treated group than those in the control group. Ginkgolide B showed a direct inhibitory effect on the CD86 expression on DC.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The inhibition of GLE on DC and thereby the suppression on inflammatory reaction may be one of the mechanisms of GLE in treating patients with UAP.</p>