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1.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 22(2): 142-145, Mar.-Apr. 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1039213

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The HIV-1 initial viral infection may present diverse clinical and laboratory course and lead to rapid, intermediate, or long-term progression. Among the group of non-progressors, the elite controllers are those who control the infection most effectively, in the absence of antiretroviral therapy (ART). In this paper, the TH1, TH2 and TH17 cytokines profiles are described, as well as clinical and laboratory aspects of an HIV-infected patient with undetectable viral load without antiretroviral therapy. Production of IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-17 was detected; in contrast IL-4 was identified. Host-related factors could help explain such a level of infection control, namely the differentiated modulation of the cellular immune response and a non-polarized cytokine response of the TH1 and TH2 profiles.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , HIV Infections/immunology , Cytokines/immunology , HIV-1 , HIV Long-Term Survivors , CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology , HIV Infections/blood , HIV Infections/virology , Th2 Cells/immunology , Th1 Cells/immunology , CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology , Viral Load , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , Immunity, Cellular/immunology
2.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 41(2): 148-151, mar.-abr. 2008. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-484219

ABSTRACT

Neste estudo, foi estimada a prevalência da infecção pelo HTLV 1/2 em gestantes no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, por meio das técnicas ELISA, Western Blot e PCR, em amostras de sangue obtidas por punção venosa periférica. Foram examinadas 116.689 gestantes, sendo diagnosticadas 153 infectadas pelo HTLV 1/2, com prevalência de 0,13 por cento. Deste total, 133 (86,9 por cento) eram do tipo 1 e 20 (11,1 por cento) do tipo 2. Das 153 gestantes, 73,2 por cento eram negras, pardas ou índias, cerca de 90 por cento tinham atividades domésticas e 75,8 por cento (116/153) tinham 7 anos ou menos de escolaridade. As 153 gestantes tiveram 172 gestações, durante o período do estudo, sendo que 164 tiveram acompanhamento. Das gestações acompanhadas, 6,7 por cento (11/164) evoluíram para aborto, 26,8 por cento (41/153) gestantes relataram abortos anteriores, sendo que 31,7 por cento (13/41) apresentaram mais de dois abortos. Co-morbidades foram detectadas em 17 por cento (26/153) sendo 3,3 por cento (5/153) com HIV (p<0,000002). Os autores enfatizam a importância da identificação das gestantes infectadas pelo HTLV1/2 na estratégia de controle e prevenção da doença.


In this study, the prevalence of HTLV 1/2 infection among pregnant women in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul was estimated by means of the ELISA, Western Blot and PCR techniques, in blood samples collected by peripheral venous puncture. 116,689 pregnant women were examined and 153 were diagnosed as presenting HTLV 1/2 infection, with prevalence of 0.13 percent. Among these 153 pregnant women, 133 (86.9 percent) had type 1 and 20 (11.1 percent) had type 2; 73.2 percent were black, brown or indigenous; about 90 percent performed domestic activities; and 75.8 percent (116/153) had been to school for seven years or less. The 153 pregnant women had 172 pregnancies during the study period and 164 pregnancies were followed. Out of pregnancies that were followed, 6.7 percent (11/164) evolved to abortion, 26.8 percent (41/153) reported previous abortions and 31.7 percent (13/41) had had more than two abortions. Comorbidities were found in 17 percent (26/153), among whom 3.3 percent (5/153) had HIV (p<0.000002). The authors emphasize the importance of identifying pregnant women with HTLV 1/2 infection, as a strategy for disease control and prevention.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , HTLV-I Infections/epidemiology , HTLV-II Infections/epidemiology , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology , Blotting, Western , Brazil/epidemiology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , HTLV-I Antibodies/blood , HTLV-I Infections/diagnosis , HTLV-II Antibodies/blood , HTLV-II Infections/diagnosis , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/genetics , Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/immunology , /genetics , /immunology , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Prevalence , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/diagnosis , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology , Prenatal Diagnosis/statistics & numerical data , Risk Factors
3.
Rio de Janeiro; s.n; 2008. xvii,73 p. tab.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-505341

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: estudar os comportamentos epidemiológicos, virológicos e genotípicos do HTLV-1/2 em gestantes diagnosticadas durante o pré-natal de Mato Grosso do Sul, e em seus filhos, nascidos no período de novembro de 2002 a dezembro de 2005. Metodologia: foram incluídas mulheres atendidas pelo Programa de proteção à Gestante no período de novembro de 2002 a dezembro de 2005 diagnosticadas como infectadas pelo HTLV-1/2 através das técnicas ELISA, Western Blot e PCR. Para definir ou excluir a infecção na criança, foram realizados testes PCR ao nascimento, aos 2 meses e 4 meses de idade; ELISA e Western Blot aos 12 meses e após 18 meses de idade quando não amamentadas. Resultados: foram examinadas 116.689 gestantes sendo diagnosticadas 153 infectadas pelo HTLV 1/2, com prevalência de 0,13%; 73,2% eram negras, pardas ou índias, cerca de 90% tinham atividades domésticas e 75,8% tinham 7 anos ou menos de escolaridade. das gestações acompanhadas 6,7% (11/164) evoluíram para aborto e co-morbidades foram detectadas em 17,0% (26/153) sendo 3,3% (5/153) com HIV (p menor que 0,000002). Foram incluídas 123 crianças nascidas vivas, 5 das quais evoluíram para óbito no primeiro ano de vida e 7 aguardam confirmação do diagnóstico. A infecção foi confirmada em 8 crianças, resultando em uma taxa de transmissão vertical de 7,2% (8/111). Conclusões: não foi observada diferença estatisticamente significativa com relação as variáveis maternas e nas crianças o que pode ser decorrência do pequeno tamanho da amostra estudada. Novos estudos são necessários para se conhecer os fatores de risco para a transmissão vertical do HTLV 1/2; estudos de coorte com protocolos clínicos que procurem observar o possível papel da antigenemia e titulagem de anticorpos maternos durante a gestação, tipo de parto e período de aleitamento. Recomenda-se a implantação da testagem para anti-HTLV 1/2 em todas as mulheres...


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , HTLV-I Infections/epidemiology , HTLV-II Infections/epidemiology , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Risk Factors , Brazil , Pregnant Women
4.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 9(1)Feb. 2005. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-404304

ABSTRACT

This prospective study, involving 76 pregnant women infected with HIV, paired with their 79 exposed infants, was carried out between May 1996 and October 2001, at the Reference Department for Pregnant Women Infected with HIV in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul. The mean age of the pregnant women was 24 years; 88 percent (67/76) apparently were infected due to sexual practices; 88 percent (67/76) were housewives; 823 percent (63/76) graduated from junior high school; 14.5 percent (11/76) reported co-infection with Hepatitis C, 9.2 percent with Syphilis; 51 percent (39/76) learned the diagnosis during prenatal care; 67 percent (51/76) reported HIV clinical symptomatology and 9.2 percent (7/76) reported opportunistic infections. Elective cesareans were performed in 57 percent (43/76). The mean gestational age at delivery was 38 weeks and we found 12.5 percent (10/80) pronatis; 97 percent (74/76) had a ruptured membrane time after less than four hours and one child (1.3 percent) was nursed. ACTG 076 Protocol (AIDS Clinical Trial Group 076) was used in 80 percent (61/76) of the pregnant women, with 100 percent adherence; 62 percent (38/61) used zidovudine plus another antiretroviral in the gestation; 92 percent (73/79) of the infants used zidovudine after the birth and 19 percent (14/73) used zidovudine and lamivudine. The transmission rate in this study was 2.5 percent.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , HIV Infections/transmission , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious , Brazil/epidemiology , Cohort Studies , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Follow-Up Studies , HIV Infections/diagnosis , HIV Infections/prevention & control , Lamivudine/therapeutic use , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Viral Load , Zidovudine/therapeutic use
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