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Objective To provide evidence for the presence of the lower body fascia chain. Methods Totally 20 cases of Chinese adult femur were selected, and the anatomy was performed to observe the continuity on fascia between periosteal fascia and iliotibial tract (ITT). Judging the generic character and the degree of continuity of them. If there was a significant anatomical continuity between them, the tensile strength of the structure is tested by applying a certain tension to both. Results First, an indirect link between the iliotibial tract and the fibular myofascial fascia was found: in all anatomical lower extremity specimens, the iliotibial bundle (ITT) was structurally connected to the fascial fascia, which was almost inseparable from the fibular fascia. Second, the application of tension to the iliotibial tract (ITT) could cause local movement between the fascia of the calf and the periosteal fascia. Conclusion Iliotibial tract and fibular long muscle fascia are connected firmly. The stability of the connection suggests that it may play a role in the conduction of a certain tension.
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Frostbite in Southwestern China has been overlooked due to its low incidence, relatively mild temperature and lack of literature published before. However, it needs to be further studied for religious diversity and distinct geomorphology. In this article, we reported an 18-year-old Tibetan girl who suffered from blizzard attack during pilgrimage. Her feet and several fingers showed mummified gangrene upon physical examination with poor movement. She was diagnosed with 3rd to 4th degree of frostbite. The girl was given oral ibuprofen, debridement and other regular treatment daily, but she was eventually amputated due to insufficient thrombolytic management in primary hospital, delayed informing consent in the referral hospital and ethnic conflict between religion and guidelines. This case enriched the experience of managing complex frostbite in Tibetan population and alarms that efforts should be integrated to protect pilgrims and mountaineers in the Tibetan region.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Amputation, Surgical , China , Frostbite/therapy , Incidence , TibetABSTRACT
Acteoside is among the most widespread of thedisaccharide caffeoyl esters that are widely distributed in the plant kingdom with diverse biological activities. Recent studies have shown that acteoside has neuroprotective activity in neurodegenerative diseases. This review examines and extrapolates from the recent literature to build support for the use of acteoside in mitigating neuropathy in neurodegenerative disease, including Parkinson ' s disease (PD) and Alzheimer' s disease (AD). We summarize the main pharmacokinetic parameters of acteoside in animals after different administration routes. Meanwhile, we point out both problems and shortcomings, and highlight its future development trend.
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Network pharmacology and the mouse model of viral pneumonia caused by influenza virus FM_1 were employed to explore the main active components and the mechanism of Pulsatilla chinensis against the inflammatory injury of influenza virus-induced pneumonia. The components and targets of P. chinensis were searched from TCMSP, and the targets associated with influenza virus-induced pneumonia were searched from GeneCards. The common targets between P. chinensis and influenza virus-induced pneumonia were identified with Venn diagram established in Venny 2.1. The herb-component-disease-target(H-C-D-T) network was constructed by Cytoscape 3.7.2. The above data were imported into STRING for PPI network analysis. Gene Ontology(GO) enrichment and KEGG pathway enrichment were performed with DAVID. BALB/cAnN mice were infected with the influenza virus FM_1 by nasal drip to gene-rate the mouse model of pneumonia. Immunohistochemistry was adopted to the expression profiling of inflammatory cytokines in the lung tissues of mice in the blank group, model group, and P. chinensis group 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after infection. The pathological changes of lung and trachea of mice in blank group, model group, and P. chinensis group were observed with light microscope and scanning electron microscope at all the time points. The network pharmacological analysis indicated that 9 compounds of P. chinensis were screened out, with a total of 57 targets, 22 of which were overlapped with those of influenza virus-induced pneumonia. A total of 112 GO terms(P<0.05) were enriched, including 81 terms of biological processes, 11 terms of cell components, and 20 terms of molecular functions. A total of 53 KEGG signaling pathways(P<0.05) were enriched, including TNF signaling pathway, influenza A signaling pathway, NF-κB signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway and other signaling pathways related to influenza/inflammation. In the P. chinensis group, the expression of TNF-α and IL-1 in the lung tissue was down-regulated on the 3 rd day after infection, and that of IL-6 in the lung tissue was down-regulated on the 5 th day after infection. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy showed that P. chinensis significantly alleviated the pathological damage of lung and trachea compared with the model group. This study reflects the multi-components, multi-targets, and multi-pathways of P. chinensis against influenza virus-induced pneumonia. P. chinensis may reduce the production of proinflammatory cytokines and mediators and block the pro-inflammatory signaling pathways to alleviate viral pneumonia, which provides reference for future research.
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Animals , Mice , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Network Pharmacology , Orthomyxoviridae , Pneumonia/genetics , PulsatillaABSTRACT
Codeine-O-demethylase (CODM) is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of codeine and morphine. In this study, CODM gene sequences were cloned from Papaver somniferum and Papaver rhoeas, and were compared with each other by sequence alignment and bioinformatics analysis. The results showed that there were three genotypes of CODM in Papaver somniferum and five genotypes of CODM in Papaver rhoeas. Bioinformatics analysis showed that all CODM proteins had no signal peptide sequence, and these proteins were predicted to be non-secretory proteins, belonging to the Pcbc supergene family. Although the amino acid sequences of CODM in poppies are the same, the expression levels of CODM in different poppy resources are significantly different. It is speculated that the variation of transcription level of CODM may be related to its non-coding region sequence, which lays a foundation for further research on the synthesis and regulation mechanism of alkaloids in poppies.
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As a treasure of traditional Chinese medicine culture,Dao-di herbs are famous for their high quality and good effect.However,traditional characteristics of Dao-di herbs and their producing areas are mostly confined to qualitative description,lacking objective evaluation indicators. Numerical taxonomy,which uses mathematical methods to improve the research of taxonomy from qualitative description to quantitative comprehensive analysis,is objective and accurate,so is widely used in the field of biology and medicine.This paper reviews the concept and main research fields of numerical taxonomy,and summarizes its application status and development prospects in the study of Dao-di herbs and characteristics of production areas,in order to lay the foundation for the objectification and standardization of Dao-di herbs.
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Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Classification , Reference Standards , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Plants, Medicinal , ClassificationABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the osseointegration of a novel coating-plasma-sprayed zirconia in dental implant.@*Methods@#Zirconia coating on non-thread titanium implant was prepared using plasma spraying, the implant surface morphology, surface roughness and wettability were measured. In vivo, zirconia coated implants were inserted in rabbit tibia and animals were respectively sacrificed at 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after implantation. The bond strength between implant and bone was measured by push-out test. The osseointegration was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), micro CT and histological analyses. Quantified parameters including removal torque, and bone-implant contact (BIC) percentage were calculated.@*Results@#The surface roughness (1.6 µm) and wettability (54.6°) of zirconia coated implant was more suitable than those of titanium implant (0.6 µm and 74.4°) for osseointegration. At 12 weeks, the push-out value of zirconia coated implant and titanium implant were (64.9±3.0) and (50.4±2.9) N, and BIC value of these two groups were (54.7±3.6)% and (41.5±3.6)%. All these differences had statistical significance.@*Conclusions@#The surface characters of zirconia coated implant were more suitable for osseointegration and present better osseointegration than smooth titanium implant in vivo, especially at early stage.
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Objective To observe the effect of aerobics exercise on myocardial fibrosis after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in rat.Methods Twenty-four AMI Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned to sham-operated group (Sham),AMI group and aerobics exercise treatment group (ET).Except Sham,other groups of rats were underwent anterior wall myocardial infarction.After ten weeks,the myocardial mRNA level of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF),collagen Ⅰ (COL1 a1),collagen Ⅲ (COL3a1) detected by real time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis and myocardial collagen volume fraction (CVF) was determined on Masson stained sections.Results Campared to Sham-operated group,AMI group the level of CTGF,COL1a1,COL3a1,and CVF were increased (P ＜0.05,P ＜ 0.01).Campared to AMI and ET groups,the levels of CTGF,COL1a1,COL3a1,and CVF were decreased (P ＜ 0.05,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Aerobics exercise can reduced the myocardial fibrosis after AMI in rat.
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@#Objective To investigate the effects of mirror visual feedback (MVF) and electromyographic biofeedback (EMGBF) on upper extremity function in hemiplegic patients after stroke based on task-oriented training. Methods 90 patients with hempiplegia after stroke were randomly divided into control group (n=30), EMGBF group (n=30) and MVF group (n=30). All patients accepted routine rehabilitation and task-oriented training once a day for 8 weeks. The EMGBF group also accepted EMGBF, and the MVF group accepted MVF in addition. They were assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) and the Upper Extremity Function Test (UEFT), and their integrated electromyogram (iEMG) of affected upper extremities were recorded before and after treatment. Results All the groups improved in scores of FMA and UEFT, as well as the iEMG after treatment (P<0.05), and ranked as the MVF group, the EMGBF group and the control group from improving more to less (P<0.05). Conclusion Mirror visual feedback combined with electromyographic biofeedback may further promote the recovery of upper limb function in patients with hemiplegia after stroke based on task-oriented training.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the feasibility of detecting macrophage content on atherosclerotic plaques by optical coherence tomography (OCT) technique.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty New Zealand white rabbits were equally divided into 3 groups at random: Control group (fed normal rabbit chow, n = 10); lipid diet group (fed regular chow supplemented with cholesterol, n = 10) and balloon injury+ lipid diet group (balloon catheter injury of the common carotid artery after 2 weeks lipid diet, n = 10). After 12 weeks, all rabbits underwent pharmacological triggering with Chinese Russell's viper venom (CRVV, 15 mg/kg, i.p.) and histamine (0.02 mg/kg, i.v.). Common carotid arteries were detected with OCT and the Movat pentachrome stain respectively. OCT and histological examination results were compared and the correlation was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The intra thickness measured by Movat pentachrome stain and by the OCT was (15.2 ± 0.9) µm and (20.2 ± 7.6) µm, the medial thickness was (434.2 ± 86.5) µm and (453.8 ± 87.2) µm, the plaque thickness was (330.2 ± 87.1) µm and (392.2 ± 134.5) µm, the fibrous cap thickness was (58.3 ± 5.6) µm and (61.2 ± 4.9) µm, respectively (all P > 0.05). The normalized standard deviation of the OCT signal (NSD) was compared with immunohistochemical detection. The OCT signal within the cap is relatively homogeneous for low macrophage density in high lipid diet group. For the raw OCT data, a correlation of r = 0.846 (P < 0.01) was found between OCT NSD and a CD68 area<10%, whereas for the base 10 logarithm OCT data, a correlation of r = 0.646 (P < 0.05) was found between OCT NSD and a CD68 area<10%. In balloon injury + high lipid diet group, the OCT signal within the cap was relatively heterogeneous for high macrophage content. For the raw OCT data, a correlation of r = 0.906 (P < 0.01) was found between OCT NSD and a CD68 area >10%, whereas for the base 10 logarithm OCT data, a correlation of r = 0.593 (P < 0.05) was found between OCT NSD and a CD68 area >10%. For the raw OCT signal NSD, a range of NSDs (7.12% to 7.35%) demonstrated 100% sensitivity and specificity (Kappa value 1.0) for differentiating caps containing >10% CD68 staining. For the base 10 logarithm OCT signal, NSD values ranging from 7.81% to 7.92% provided 70% sensitivity and 75% specificity (value 0.44) for identifying caps containing >10% CD68 staining.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>OCT is an effective tool to determine macrophage content in this model. OCT imaging can clearly visualize different types of atherosclerotic plaques and provide detailed information on plaque characteristics.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Rabbits , Carotid Artery, Common , Cholesterol , Fibrosis , Macrophages , Plaque, Atherosclerotic , Sensitivity and Specificity , Tomography, Optical CoherenceABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effects of mirror visual feedback (MVF) and electromyographic biofeedback (EMGBF) on up-per extremity function in hemiplegic patients after stroke based on task-oriented training. Methods 90 patients with hempiplegia after stroke were randomly divided into control group (n=30), EMGBF group (n=30) and MVF group (n=30). All patients accepted routine rehabilitation and task-oriented training once a day for 8 weeks. The EMGBF group also accepted EMGBF, and the MVF group accepted MVF in addi-tion. They were assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) and the Upper Extremity Function Test (UEFT), and their integrated electro-myogram (iEMG) of affected upper extremities were recorded before and after treatment. Results All the groups improved in scores of FMA and UEFT, as well as the iEMG after treatment (P<0.05), and ranked as the MVF group, the EMGBF group and the control group from im-proving more to less (P<0.05). Conclusion Mirror visual feedback combined with electromyographic biofeedback may further promote the recovery of upper limb function in patients with hemiplegia after stroke based on task-oriented training.
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@#Objective To investigate the effects of mirror visual feedback (MVF) and electromyographic biofeedback (EMGBF) on upper extremity function in hemiplegic patients after stroke based on task-oriented training. Methods 90 patients with hempiplegia after stroke were randomly divided into control group (n=30), EMGBF group (n=30) and MVF group (n=30). All patients accepted routine rehabilitation and task-oriented training once a day for 8 weeks. The EMGBF group also accepted EMGBF, and the MVF group accepted MVF in addition. They were assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) and the Upper Extremity Function Test (UEFT), and their integrated electromyogram (iEMG) of affected upper extremities were recorded before and after treatment. Results All the groups improved in scores of FMA and UEFT, as well as the iEMG after treatment (P<0.05), and ranked as the MVF group, the EMGBF group and the control group from improving more to less (P<0.05). Conclusion Mirror visual feedback combined with electromyographic biofeedback may further promote the recovery of upper limb function in patients with hemiplegia after stroke based on task-oriented training.
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The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) in the proliferation of neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts (NRCFs). Proliferation of NRCFs was induced by the presence of fetal bovine serum (FBS) or angiotensin II (Ang II) at various concentrations. The concentration-dependent effect of NaHS (donor of H(2)S) on NRCFs proliferation was examined. NRCFs proliferation was assessed by 5'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation method. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was measured using the dye probe, 2', 7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). The results showed that FBS- or Ang II-induced NRCFs proliferations were inhibited with the treatment of relatively high concentrations of NaHS (5 × 10(-5) mol/L, 1 × 10(-4) mol/L), but FBS-induced proliferation was increased by low concentration of NaHS (1 × 10(-5) mol/L). Two or 6 h of Ang II (1 × 10(-7) mol/L) treatment caused an increase of ROS level in NRCFs, while this increase was inhibited with NaHS (1 × 10(-4) mol/L) treatment. These results suggest that H(2)S is an inhibitor of cardiac fibroblast at a certain concentration range. This inhibitory effect may be mediated by a reduction in intracellular ROS production.