ABSTRACT
In the electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring of patients with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, generalized periodic discharges are often monitored abnormal waveforms. When there are some features of generalized periodic discharges (e.g., frequency≥1.5 Hz or plus), it indicates that the patient is at high risk for seizures or has a poor prognosis. Compared with conventional EEG, the time of continuous EEG monitoring is longer, so the detection rate of these waveforms is higher. At present, scholars at home and abroad have studied these waveforms, but there is controversy about the significance of these waveforms. In this paper, the definition and characteristics of these waveforms and their significance in determining prognosis and guiding treatment in patients with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy are reviewed.
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Objective:To evaluate the effect and safety of monoclonal antibodies to calcitonin gene-related peptide and its receptor (CGRP-mAbs) on migraine.Methods:Database of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, CNKI, Wangfang digital journals were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of CGRP-mAbs in treatment of migraine. Quality of enrolled literature was assessed by the software of Review Manager 5.3 and software of StataMP14 was employed to conduct meta analysis.Results:A total of 13 RCTs were included, including 6 218 adult migraine patients (experimental group: 2 679 patients, placebo group: 3 539 patients). Meta analysis suggested that CGRP-mAbs for preventive treatment of migraine significantly reduced the monthly migraine days from baseline (standardized mean difference (SMD)=-0.35, 95% CI-0.4--0.3) and monthly acute migraine-specific medication consumption from baseline (SMD=-0.38, 95% CI-0.43--0.32), as compared with placebo group. CGRP-mAbs for preventive treatment of migraine significantly increased the ≥50% reduction from baseline in migraine days per month ( RR=1.65, 95% CI 1.54-1.76). The adverse events were similar between the CGRP-mAbs group and placebo group ( RR=1.06, 95% CI 1.01-1.10). Conclusion:CGRP-mAbs are effective and safe for preventive treatment of migraine.
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the differentially expressed proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) at the proteomics level using tandem mass spectrometry label (TMT) technique and explore the pathogenic mechanism and related pathways of ALS.@*METHODS@#Between November, 2017 and April, 2018, 5 patients with medulla oblongata onset ALS and 5 patients with limb onset ALS were selected from the Departments of Neurology of 928 Hospital of Army Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA and Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, with 5 patients with migraine and low intracranial pressure headache serving as the healthy controls.CSF samples were obtained from all the participants, and the differentially expressed proteins in the CSF were identified using tandem mass spectrometry (TMT) technique with bioinformatics analysis.@*RESULTS@#A total of 1530 proteins were identified and quantified in the CSF samples.The expression of 48 proteins was up-regulated and 6 proteins were down-regulated in medulla oblongata onset ALS patients; 16 proteins were up-regulated and 19 were down-regulated in limb onset ALS patients.GO analysis showed that these proteins, which were distributed both within and outside the cells, were involved in cell physiological process, single organ process and biological regulation and had binding function, catalytic activity, and receptor activity.KEGG pathway analysis showed that the up-regulated proteins in the CSF from patients with medulla oblongata onset ALS participated in 3 pathways involving the lysosomes, metabolism, and measles.The down-regulated proteins in the CSF from patients with limb onset ALS participated in 7 pathways involving the complement and coagulation cascade, infection and herpes simplex infection, and all the pathways contained complement components.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The CSF samples of ALS patients with medullary onset and limb onset have differentially expressed proteins.The lysosomal pathway is involved in the occurrence and progression of ALS with medullary onset, and the immune responses are involved in the occurrence and progression of ALS with limb onset.
Subject(s)
Humans , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis , Biomarkers , Cerebrospinal Fluid , Proteome , Proteomics , Tandem Mass SpectrometryABSTRACT
Objective:To evaluate the effect of semiconductor lasers irradiation after routine root canal preparation on root cannal seal.Methods:60 Single-rooted freshly extracted human teeth were randomly divided into 6 groups(n=10).The crowns were removed at the cementoenamel junction and the roots were endodontically prepared with conventional methods.The roots in groups A and B were irradiated with 1 W semiconductor laser for 20 s,in group C and D were ultrasonically washed for 1 min,in group E and F without any treatment were used as the controls.Then all the roots were filled by vertical condensation of warm gutta-percha.The root cannal seal was evaluated with microleakage measurement.The data was analyzed by ANOVA.The teeth of group B,D and F were sectioned and examined under scanning electron microscope(SEM).Results:The microleakage(mm) of group A,C and E was 1.70±0.82,2.02±0.40 and 4.56±2.72 respectively(A vs E,P0.05).SEM observation showed the melting,narrowness or closure of most dentinal tubules in group B,past and/or gutta-percha in the most dentinal tubules of group D.Conclusion:Semiconductor laser irradiation prior to root cannal filling can promote the effects of cannal seal.