Two new sesquiterpenes in Qi-nan Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum / 中国中药杂志

This study aimed to investigate the chemical constituents of supercritical extract from Qi-nan Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum by silica gel column chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, and semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. One new elemane-type and one new eudesmane-type sesquiterpene compounds were isolated from the extract, and their structures were identified by MS, UV, IR, NMR, and ECD spectroscopic techniques, and named aquqinanol C(1) and aquqinanol D(2). Both compounds are novel compounds. The neuroprotective effect of the compounds on CORT-induced PC12 cell damage was determined in vitro. The results showed that compounds 1 and 2 exhibited a certain protective effect against CORT-induced damage in PC12 cells.

Effect of a novel radio-frequency atmospheric-pressure glow discharge plasma jet treatment on crosslinking of dentin collagen / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of a noval radio-frequency atmospheric-pressure glow discharge (RF-APGD) plasma jet on crosslinking of dentin collagen.@*METHODS@#(1) Twenty intact third molars were collected. The middle dentin discs were prepared for each tooth by low-speed water-cooled Isomet saw, and then immersed in 10% (mass fraction) H3PO4 solution for 16 h to obtain fully demine-ralized dentin collagen. The twenty dentin discs were then randomly divided into five groups. The control group was untreated while the four experimental groups were treated by plasma jet with gas temperature of 4 ℃ for different times (20 s, 30 s, 40 s, and 50 s). The structure and crosslinking degree of dentin collagen were characterized by attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The surface morphology of demineralized dentin was observed by scanning electron microscope, and the microstructure was observed by transmission electron microscope. (2) Fourty non-caries third molars were collected to prepare 5 g fine dentin powder, then completely demineralized with 10% H3PO4 solution. The control group was untreated, while the four experimental groups were treated by plasma jet for 20 s, 30 s, 40 s and 50 s. The crosslinking degree of each group was determined by ninhydrin colorimetric method. (3) Forty intact third molars were collected to obtain dentin strips. Only two central symmetrical dentin strips (nasty 80) were taken from each tooth and immersed in 10% H3PO4 solution for 16 h to obtain fully demineralized dentin collagen. Eighty dentine collagen fiber strips were randomly divided into five groups. The control group was untreated and the axial surfaces of dentin collagen fiber strips in the expe-rimental groups were treated with the plasma jet for 20 s, 30 s, 40 s and 50 s. The ultimate tensile strength of dentin was measured by universal mechanical machine.@*RESULTS@#(1) The surface morphology of demineralized dentin observed by scanning electron microscope showed that the network structure of collagen fibers on the surface of demineralized dentin treated with the plasma jet for 20 s, 30 s and 40 s could maintain the uncollapsed three-dimensional structure, and part of the microstructure was destroyed after plasma jet treated for 50 s. After being treated by plasma jet for 20 s, 30 s and 40 s, the three-dimensional structure was uncollapsed, and the typical periodic transverse pattern of natural type Ⅰ collagen fiber could be seen. The results of infrared spectra showed that the secondary conformation of dentin collagen fibers was the same as that of the control group after being treated with the plasma jet, and the intensity of amide band was significantly increased after being treated for 30 s and 40 s. (2) The results of ninhydrin crosslinking test showed that the crosslinking ratio of dentin collagen treated by plasma jet for 30 s and 40 s was the highest, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). (3) The results of dentin ultimate tensile strength showed that the control group was (1.67±0.24) MPa, and the plasma jet treated 20 s, 30 s, 40 s and 50 s groups were (4.21±0.15) MPa, (7.06±0.30) MPa, (7.32±0.27) MPa, and (6.87±0.17) MPa, which were significantly different from that of the control group (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The novel RF-APGD plasma jet treatment can promote the crosslinking degree of demineralized dentin collagen and improve their ultimate tensile strength.

Esthetic evaluation of conventional and socket shield technique immediate implant restoration / 中华口腔医学杂志

Objective: To evaluate the pink and white esthetics of conventional and socket shield technique (SST) immediate implant restoration. Methods: Thirty volunteers were recruited according to preset criteria, and were assigned to 3 groups. Natural teeth group (ten undergraduates or postgraduates from Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology in January 2020, n=10): all volunteers' maxillary anterior teeth were natural teeth with healthy gingiva, and none of the teeth were restored by crowns or composite. Conventional group and SST group (patients had a maxillary central incisor immediate implant placed in Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology during October 2016 to January 2021, n=10 for each group): the volunteer had an unrestored natural maxillary central incisor, and the contralateral maxillary central incisor was restored by conventional or SST immediate implant placement, temporization and all ceramic final restoration, photos were taken 12 months post-surgery. Three groups of evaluators namely layperson (staff from Second Clinical Division of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and 2 family members, n=10), dental students (class 2015 undergraduates from Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, n=10) and prosthodontists (from Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, n=10) were invited to assess the esthetics using pink esthetic score (PES) and white esthetic score (WES). The results were statistically analyzed. Results: PES and WES of natural teeth group [9(8, 10) and 8(7, 10)] were significantly higher than conventional group [7(6,8) and 7(6,9)] (H=287.08, 132.79,P<0.01) and SST group [7(6, 9) and 8(7, 9)] (H=216.01, 101.21, P<0.01). SST group yielded higher PES than the conventional group (H=-71.06, P<0.01), yet had similar WES (H=-31.57, P>0.05). Dental students had significant lower PES and WES than prosthodontists (H=-120.90, -218.86, P<0.01) and layperson (H=-109.55, 134.97, P<0.01). Prosthodontists and layperson got similar PES (H=-11.36, P>0.05), however yielded different WES (H=-83.89, P<0.01). Conclusions: SST immediate implant placement obtained better pink esthetics than conventional protocol 12-month after implant surgery, profession may have significant impact on evaluators during pink and white esthetic evaluation.

Using 16S rDNA Sequencing Technology to Preliminarily Analyze Intestinal Flora in Children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#We investigated changes in the intestinal flora of children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP).@*Methods@#Between September 2019 and November 2019, stool samples from 14 children with MPP from The Fourth Hospital of Baotou city, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, were collected and divided into general treatment (AF) and probiotic (AFY) groups, according to the treatment of "combined Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, and Bacillus cereus tablets live". High-throughput 16S rDNA sequencing was used to identify intestinal flora.@*Results@#Intestinal flora abundance and diversity in children with MPP were decreased. Both Shannon and Simpson indices were lower in the AF group when compared with healthy controls ( P < 0.05). When compared with healthy controls, the proportion of Enterorhabdus was lower in the AF group, while the proportion of Lachnoclostridium was higher ( P < 0.05). The proportion of Bifidobacteria and Akkermansia was lower in the AFY group but Enterococcus, Lachnoclostridium, Roseburia, and Erysipelatoclostridium proportions were higher. The proportion of Escherichia coli- Shigella in the AFY group after treatment was decreased ( P < 0.05).@*Conclusions@#The intestinal flora of children with MPP is disturbed, manifested as decreased abundance and diversity, and decreased Bifidobacteria. Our probiotic mixture partly improved intestinal flora disorders.

The role of STAT3 in inflammatory bowel disease and colitis-associated cancer and research progress of the related drugs / 药学学报

Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 is a critical transcription factor for cell proliferation and survival. It is activated within cells by many cytokines to mediate immune and inflammatory responses to injury. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), represented by Crohn′s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a chronic inflammatory disease of the intestinal tract. STAT3 has been shown to be abnormally activated in IBD colon tissues by many pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to disruption of the intestinal mucosal barrier and excessive innate immune and Th17 responses. The persistent chronic inflammation eventually leads to intestinal fibrosis and stenosis. In addition to immune responses, STAT3 is also involved in intestinal fibrosis in IBD by promoting the transcription of fibrosis-related genes. Colitis-associated cancer (CAC) is a particularly aggressive subtype of colorectal cancer and is associated with chronic inflammation-induced IBD. STAT3 has also been associated with CAC initiation and development. STAT3 is overactivated in tumors, which leads to suppression of the anti-tumor activity of immune cells and promotion of cancer cell proliferation, tumor angiogenesis, invasion, and migration. In the present article, we summarize the role of STAT3 in IBD and CAC and the research progress of the related drugs developed for UC and CAC treatment.

TLR8 in the Trigeminal Ganglion Contributes to the Maintenance of Trigeminal Neuropathic Pain in Mice / 神经科学通报·英文版

Trigeminal neuropathic pain (TNP) is a significant health problem but the involved mechanism has not been completely elucidated. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have recently been demonstrated to be expressed in the dorsal root ganglion and involved in chronic pain. Here, we show that TLR8 was persistently increased in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons in model of TNP induced by partial infraorbital nerve ligation (pIONL). In addition, deletion or knockdown of Tlr8 in the TG attenuated pIONL-induced mechanical allodynia, reduced the activation of ERK and p38-MAPK, and decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the TG. Furthermore, intra-TG injection of the TLR8 agonist VTX-2337 induced pain hypersensitivity. VTX-2337 also increased the intracellular Ca

Analysis of the attitude and behavior in research of the stomatological professional postgraduates / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:To explore the attitude and behavior of scientific research in professional postgraduates majoring in stomatology in Peking University, proposing suggestions to improve the quality of scientific research training.Methods:150 professional postgraduates of stomatology including the 8-year program stomatological students (the postgraduate stage) of Peking University School of Stomatology were involved in the survey, information including the types of and attitudes to scientific research, the evaluation of research environments, the understanding of the relationship with their mentors, and the expected working institutions after graduation was collected by questionnaires.Results:A total number of 131 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective rate of 87.3%. In terms of the type of research work, 70 (53.4%) were engaged in basic research and 30 (22.9%) in clinical research. In terms of attitudes towards scientific research training, 69 (52.7%) respondents agreed that scientific research and clinical practice promoted each other. The Likert scores of scientific research interest, ability, and pressure were 3.13 ± 0.84, 3.04 ± 0.84, and 4.14±0.71. The evaluation of laboratory conditions (3.30±0.92), scientific research funding (3.54±1.06), scientific research atmosphere (3.89±0.85), and reward and punishment mechanisms (3.82±0.76) were positive. The evaluations of scientific research training courses (2.89±0.88) and scientific training time (2.79±0.94) were negative. The average score of the rapport level between postgraduates and their mentors was 4.29±0.77, and 111 respondents (84.7%) had a correct understanding of the guiding relationship. Sixty-six respondents (50.4%) expected to engage in clinical and scientific research in stomatological schools and 61 (46.6%) expected to engage in clinical work only, after graduation.Conclusions:The scientific research for graduate students of stomatology in Peking University is mainly basic research, and the research pressure is relatively high. It is recommended to choose research topics in combination with clinical practice, clarify the significance of scientific research, optimize the scientific research environment and facilities, strengthen the tailored guidance of mentors, and to fulfill the " holistic training (Three All-round Education)" in professional postgraduate training.

Application of formative evaluation based on Rain Classroom in clinical skills teaching / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of formative evaluation based on Rain Classroom on clinical skills teaching.Method:s A total of 70 students in clinical medicine from Grade 2016 were enrolled and divided into experimental group ( n=35) and control group ( n=35). The experimental group adopted Rain Classroom combined with formative evaluation, while the control group used conventional teaching method and evaluation. Test scores of the two groups were compared and students' satisfaction was collected via questionnaire. T-test was performed using SPSS 17.0. Result:The total score of clinical skills test in the experimental group was (84.11±7.76), which was significantly higher than that in the control group (74.37±12.58), and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). According to the questionnaire survey, the experimental group was significantly better than the control group in terms of enhancing learning interest, improving knowledge comprehension, clinical skills, clinical thinking and analytical ability, as well as better satisfaction towards teaching ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Formative evaluation based on Rain Classroom is helpful to improve the teaching effect on clinical skills and comprehensive abilities of students, so as to promote their overall development.

Effect of a novel cold atmospheric plasma jet treatment with different temperatures on resin-dentin bonding / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of different treatment temperatures of a novel cold atmospheric plasma jet treatment on the resin-dentin bonding.@*METHODS@#(1) Fifty-two freshly extracted, non-carious and intact third molars were collected. The occlusal one-third of the crown was removed by means of a water-cooled low-speed Isomet saw. One dentin disc [(900 ±100) μm] was prepared for each tooth. The fifty-two dentin discs were randomly divided into control group and experimental groups, of which four were in control group, and forty-eight were divided into four experimental groups according to the different treatment temperatures (4 °C, 10 °C, 20 °C and 30 °C) of the novel radio-frequency atmospheric-pressure glow discharge (RF-APGD) plasma jet, twelve in each group. Each experimental group was divided into three subgroups according to different treatment time (10 s, 20 s and 30 s), with four in each subgroup. The occlusal one-third of the crown was removed by means of a water-cooled low-speed Isomet saw. The morphology of demineralized dentin surfaces was analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscopy. (2) Twenty unerupted, non-carious and intact third molars were randomly divided into five groups, four in each group: control group, untreated; 4 °C, 10 °C, 20 °C and 30 °C experimental groups, each group was treated with the RF-APGD plasma jet for 20 s. The micro-tensile resin dentin bond strength was tested after 20 s RF-APGD plasma jet treatment with different temperatures, using a universal mechanical machine.@*RESULTS@#(1) The field emission scanning electron microscopy results indicated that when compared with the control group, a 10 s RF-APGD plasma jet treatment with 30 °C and 20 °C collapsed the collagen scaffold. Collagen fibrils maintained an uncollapsed three-dimensional structure after the 4 °C RF-APGD plasma jet treatment for even 30 s treatment. (2) The microtensile resin dentin bond strength results of the 4 °C RF-APGD plasma jet treatment group (57.8±0.7) MPa were significantly higher than that of the control group [(47.4±0.5) MPa] and 10 s, 20 s and 30 s RF-APGD plasma treatment group [(51.9±0.7) MPa,(29.7±1.0) MPa and (22.2±1.5) MPa] with statistically significant difference (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the micro-tensile bond strength increased about 21.9% and 9.5% after 4 °C and 10 °C RF-APGD plasma jet treatment, respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#Compared with other treatment temperatures, this novel RF-APGD plasma jet treatment with the temperature of 4 °C can preserve the three-dimensional morphology of demineralized dentin better, and can improve the resin-dentin bonding.

A new quinone compound from Eleutherine americana / 中草药

Objective To study the chemical constituents from the ethnic medicines of Eleutherine americana. Methods Compounds were separated by silica gel and semi-preparative HPLC, detected by TLC, and identified by their NMR and MS data. Results Five compounds were isolated from E. americana. They were ameriquinone A (1), elecanacin (2), 3-[2-(acetyloxy) propyl]-2-hydroxy- 8-methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (3), 2-acetyl-1,8-di-methoxy-3-methylnaphthalene (4), and dihydroeleutherinol (5). Conclusion Compound 1 is a new compound. Compounds 1-5 have different degrees of inhibitory effect on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The MIC values of compound 5 against two strains were 0.30 μg/mL and 0.06 μg/mL, respectively.

Anti-inflammatory sesquiterpenes from agarwood produced via whole-tree agarwood-inducing technique of Aquilaria sinensis / 中国中药杂志

The present study is to investigate the chemical constituents and anti-inflammation of agarwood produced via whole-tree agarwood-inducing technique( Agar-Wit) from Aquilaria sinensis by column chromatographic technique and semi-preparation HPLC.Eleven sesquiterpenes were isolated from the agarwood produced by Agar-Wit,and their structures were identified on the basis of physiochemical characteristics and spectroscopic data analysis as baimuxinol( 1),5α,7α( H)-eudesm-11( 13)-en-4α-ol( 2),( 7 S,9 S,10 S)-( +)-9-hydroxy-selina-4,11-dien-14-al( 3),petafolia A( 4),7( 11)-eremophilen-8-one( 5),neopetasane( 6),petafolia B( 7),11-hydroxy-valenc-1( 10)-en-2-one( 8),( 4αβ,7β,8αβ)-3,4,4α,5,6,7,8,8α-octahydro-7-[1-( hydroxymethyl) ethenyl]-4α-methylnaphthalene-1-carboxaldehyde( 9),12-hydroxy-4( 5),11( 13)-eudesmadien-15-al( 10),and( 4 R,5 R,7 S,9 S,10 S)-(-)-eudesma-11( 13)-en-4,9-diol( 11). Among them,compound 1 was a new natural product,and this is the first time to report its13 CNMR spectroscopic data. Compounds 4,9 and 10 were reported from Aquilaria for the first time,and all the compounds are firstly isolated by Agar-Wit from A. sinensis. The anti-inflammatory activity of RAW264. 7 cells with lipopolysaccharide-induced was evaluated.As a result,1,4 and 9 showed potential anti-inflammatory activities with IC50 values( 2. 5±0. 35),( 3. 2±0. 2),( 4. 3±0. 56) μmol·L-1,respectively. This work provided scientific foundation for quality evaluation of the agarwood produced by Agar-Wit.

A new naphthalene derivative from bulbs of Eleutherine americana / 中国中药杂志

A new naphthalene derivative and three known compounds were isolated from the petroleum ether extract of the bulbs of Eleutherine americana by using various chromatographic techniques, such as column chromatography over silica gel and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic date (MS, UV, IR, NMR), which were identified as eleutherol B (1), 4,8-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-1-methylanthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester (2), 8-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxy-1-methylanthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester (3), and isoeleutherine (4). Compound 1 is a new compound. The diastolic blood vessels activity of compound 1 and 2 were potent, reaching 82.5% and 85.3% at the concentration of 10 μmol·L⁻¹, which were basically the same as that of the positive drug tanshinone ⅡA.

Prediction of Antiviral and Anti-inflammatory Mechanisms of Major Compounds from Flowers of Trollius Chinensis Based on Molecular Docking Technology / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To predict the antiviral and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of major compounds from the flowers of Trollius chinensis, namely, vitexin, orientin, 2"-O-β-L-galactopyranosylvitexin, 2"-O-β-L-galactopyranosylorientin, veratric acid, and trolline, by using the molecular docking technique. Methods Discovery Studio 2.5 software and Chinese Medicine Chemistry Database were employed for docking between the ligands including 6 compounds and the proteins including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and neuraminidase (NA). The docking results and interactions of their functional domains were obtained by simulation analysis. Results Vitexin, orientin, 2"-O-β-L-galactopyranosylvitexin, veratric acid, and trolline were applied to one or more TLR, whereas 2"-O-β-L-galactopyranosylorientin could interact with neither of the proteins investigated. Flavonoids, namely vitexin, orientin, 2"-O-β-L-galactopyranosylvitexin and 2"-O-β-L-galactopyranosylorientin were applied to NA, whereas veratric acid and trolline could not interact with NA. Conclusion Five out of the 6 compounds have influence on the signaling pathways mediated by TLRs, and TLR3, 4, and 7 are their potential targets for antivirus and anti-inflammation. Four flavonoids can affect the activity of influenza virus by interacting with NA. This study can provide a basis for the investigation of the antiviral and anti-inflammatory effective compounds of the flowers of Trollius chinensis and the further development.

PIateIet-rich fibrin combined with tooth ash promotes bone repair / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: The tooth ash can be used as a scaffold for bone tissue growth and provide calcium and phosphorus components during bone regeneration. Platelet-rich plasma can promote the soft and hard tissue regeneration. However, either of them has its shortcomings.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of platelet-rich plasma combined with tooth ash in repairing skull bone defects. METHODS: Nine healthy rabbits were selected to make bone defects on both sides of the skull. Rabbit platelet-rich plasma combined with tooth ash was implanted into the skull defect on the left side as experimental group, while rabbit platelet-rich plasma was implanted into the skull defect on the right side as control group. Skull samples were taken out at 4, 6, 8 weeks after implantation for soft X-ray detection, hematoxylin-eosin staining and modified Gomori staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Soft X-ray: The trabecular bone area of the experimental group was larger than that of the control group at 6 and 8 weeks after implantation (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). (2) Hematoxylin-eosin staining: With the duration of implantation, newly formed fibers with bone structure gradually reduced at the defect sites in both groups, and there was a orderly layered arrangement in the bone structure and increased calcification. Compared with the control group, relatively higher new bone maturity, better bone trabecular arrangement and more osteoblasts were observed in the experimental group. (3) Modified Gomori staining: With the prolongation of implantation time, the new bone became mature gradually in the two groups, and the bone maturity in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group. To conclude, platelet-rich fibrin combined with tooth ash is better to promote bone defect repair.

Chemokine Receptor CXCR3 in the Spinal Cord Contributes to Chronic Itch in Mice / 神经科学通报·英文版

Recent studies have shown that the chemokine receptor CXCR3 and its ligand CXCL10 in the dorsal root ganglion mediate itch in experimental allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). CXCR3 in the spinal cord also contributes to the maintenance of neuropathic pain. However, whether spinal CXCR3 is involved in acute or chronic itch remains unclear. Here, we report that Cxcr3 mice showed normal scratching in acute itch models but reduced scratching in chronic itch models of dry skin and ACD. In contrast, both formalin-induced acute pain and complete Freund's adjuvant-induced chronic inflammatory pain were reduced in Cxcr3 mice. In addition, the expression of CXCR3 and CXCL10 was increased in the spinal cord in the dry skin model induced by acetone and diethyl ether followed by water (AEW). Intrathecal injection of a CXCR3 antagonist alleviated AEW-induced itch. Furthermore, touch-elicited itch (alloknesis) after compound 48/80 or AEW treatment was suppressed in Cxcr3 mice. Finally, AEW-induced astrocyte activation was inhibited in Cxcr3 mice. Taken together, these data suggest that spinal CXCR3 mediates chronic itch and alloknesis, and targeting CXCR3 may provide effective treatment for chronic pruritus.

Establishment of a Predictive Diagnostic Model for Acute Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Infection in Elderly Patients with Community-acquired Pneumonia / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

We established a diagnostic model to predict acute Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumonia) infection in elderly Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) patients. We divided 456 patients into acute and non-acute M. pneumoniae infection groups. Binary logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to establish a predictive model. The following independent factors were identified: age ⋝ 70 years; serum cTNT level ⋝ 0.05 ng/mL; lobar consolidation; mediastinal lymphadenopathy; and antibody titer in the acute phase ⋝ 1:40. The area under the ROC curve of the model was 0.923 and a score of ⋝ 7 score predicted acute M. pneumoniae infection in elderly patients with CAP. The predictive model developed in this study has high diagnostic accuracy for the identification of elderly acute M. pneumoniae infection.

Chemical constituents from Mallotus furetianus / 中草药

Objective To study the chemical constituents of Mallotus furetianus. Methods The constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel chromatography and HPLC repeatedly, and the structures were identified by spectra analysis and chemical methods. Results Sixteen compounds were isolated from the leaves of M. furetianus, the structures were identified as 3-hydroxy-4,5 (R)-dimethy1-2 (5H)-furanone (1), gallic acid (2), 3,4,8,9,10-pentahydroxydibenzo [b, d] pyran-6-one (3), epicatechin (4), catechin (5), kaempferol-3-O-robinobioside (6), apigenin (7), 2-hydroxysuccinic acid (8), 5-hydroxymethylfuroic acid (9), gallic acid methyl ester (10), caffeic acid (11), tanshinol (12), diolmycin B2 (13), oresbiusin A (14), 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-β- D-glucopyranoside (15), and (2S)-pyroglutamic acid (16). Conclusion Compounds 7-16 are obtained from the genus of Mallotus for the first time, and compounds 4-16 are obtained from M. furetianus for the first time.

Progress on molecular biology of Isaria farinosa, pathogen of host of Ophiocordyceps sinensis during the artificial culture / 中国中药杂志

Isaria farinosa is the pathogen of the host of Ophiocordyceps sinensis. The present research has analyzed the progress on the molecular biology according to the bibliometrics, the sequences (including the gene sequences) of I. farinosa in the NCBI. The results indicated that different country had published different number of the papers, and had landed different kinds and different number of the sequences (including the gene sequences). China had published the most number of the papers, and had landed the most number of the sequences (including the gene sequences). America had landed the most numbers of the function genes. The main content about the pathogen study was focus on the biological controlling. The main content about the molecular study concentrated on the phylogenies classification. In recent years some protease genes and chitinase genes had been researched. With the increase of the effect on the healthy of O. sinensis, and the whole sequence and more and more pharmacological activities of I. farinosa being made known to the public, the study on the molecular biology of the I. farinosa would be deeper and wider.

Factors of prognosis in cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a review / 中国骨伤

Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is a common cause of spinal cord dysfunction clinical disease. Surgery is the main therapeutic tool for CSM. However, there are obvious differences in clinical functional recovery after operation. For the past few years, the influence factors of prognosis in cervical spondylosis myelopathic has been widely concerned. Age, nerve function, course of desease, imaging findings,surgical method and related factors became the investigative point for prognosis of cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Present viewpoint showed that the older patient, preoperative worse nerve function, longer the course of disease would result in worse outcomes. Imaging examination maybe can indicate the prognosis, but the correlation is unclear. Selection of surgical method and approach should be based on the principles of sufficient decompression, stabilize the alignment of the cervical spine, keeping backward extension of cervical spine, maintain effective decompression, preventing complications. Therefore, the treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy should be on the basis of pathogenic condition and imaging examination at early stage and a suitable usrgical procedure should be performed to obtain a better prognosis.

Treatment of osteoporotic intertrochanteric fractures by zoledronic acid injection combined with proximal femoral nail anti-rotation / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the clinical results of proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA) combined with zoledronic acid injection in the treatment of osteoporotic intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>60 elderly patients with osteoporotic intertrochanteric fractures were diagnosed using a dual energy X-ray bone density instrument. Patients were randomly divided into treatment or control groups (30 cases in each group). Patients in both groups were treated by closed/open reduction and internal fixation using PFNA. In the treatment group, patients received one zoledronic phosphonic acid injection of 5 mg/100 ml via intravenous drip, in addition to 600 mg of Caltrate D (qd) and 0.25 mg of alpha ossification alcohol (qd). The control group received 600 mg of Caltrate D (qd) and 0.25 mg of alpha ossification alcohol (qd). The oral drugs were administered for 12 months. Bone pain relief was observed, and changes in the bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar and health-side hip were recorded. Clinical results were evaluated using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Harris joint function score, and Osteo- porosis Quality of Life Scale (OQOLS).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, bone pain symptoms were significantly alleviated (p < 0.05) in the treatment group. In the treatment and control groups, both between-group and within-group differences in BMD were significantly increased in L1e4, femoral neck and trochanter (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found between the two groups in regard to the involved hip or the total rate of improvement at the end of the follow-up period, although cases in the treatment group had higher OQOLS scores than those of the controls (p = 0.04). Cases in the treatment group healed more quickly than those in the control group [(13 ± 3.2) weeks vs (15 ± 4.6) weeks, p = 0.02]. During the follow-up period, cases in the treatment group had no new fractures, whereas 2 new cases of hip fracture and 2 cases of distal radial fractures were observed among the controls.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Zoledronic acid injection combined with PFNA is a favorable treatment option for the elderly patients with osteoporotic intertrochanteric fracture. It can effectively relieve bone pain, increase bone density, improve quality of life, reduce the occurrence of new fractures and promote fracture healing.</p>