ABSTRACT
Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been associated with thyroid abnormalities. Therefore this study was conducted to determine the association of thyroid disorders with chronic hepatitis C virus infection in patients who are not getting any antiviral treatment. Methods: Sixty-five patients without pre-existing thyroid abnormality having positive Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection (confirmed on PCR) and not willing for getting anti-viral treatment (interferon) were included in our study. Blood samples from 65 patients were collected at base line, 04 months, 08 months and at 12 months. The level of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid antibodies was measured in these samples. Results: Nine patients (13.84%) developed thyroid disorder during the study period. Female patients (66.66%) mostly affected than males (33.33%). Among n=9 affected cases, 66.66% developed hyperthyroidism, 22.22% developed hypothyroidism and 11.11% developed positive thyroid antibody. Conclusion: A close association of thyroid disorder and chronic HCV infection is noted in the study population.
ABSTRACT
Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a major health problem of today's world and its prevalence is riding day by day. Urinary tract infection is its common complication. Antibiotic resistance against various uropathogens is also increasing day by day. Therefore, this prospective was carried out to know the prevalence of culture positive Urinary Tract Infection in diabetic patients and to find out the pattern of antibiotic sensitivity. Methods: Around 430 diabetic patients with urinary tract infections confirmed from Microbiology department from Oct, 2012 to February, 2014 were enrolled. Results: Out of 430 patients, 302 urine specimens (Male n=140, 46.4%) and (Females n=162, 53.5%) were found to be culture positive. The overall prevalence of urinary tract infection was 70.2% higher in females (53.5%) than males (46.4%). Among the 302 isolates, 256 belongs to gram negative bacilli, 46 were gram positive cocci. In gram negative bacilli, most of the isolates160 (62.3%) were E.coli, and in gram positive cocci, Enterococci (55%) were predominately found. Imipenem was found sensitive for both Gram negative bacilli as well as Gram positive cocci. Conclusion: Diabetics with UTI found with high female/male ratio. Escherichia-coli was most common organism followed by klebsiella, and pseudomonas. Most of the urinary isolates were sensitive to Imipenem, Meropenem, ceftriaxone, whereas resistance was high for Amikacin.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: UTIs are the second most common bacterial infection in present population. Women are more prone to UTI than Male. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli is responsible for >80% of community acquired UTIs. Aims: The present study was carried out to compare sensitivity / Resistance between Ofloxacin and Nitrofurantoin in UTI patients. Methods: This was a prospective, cross-sectional, observatory study conducted on patients (n = 200) suffering from Urinary Tract Infection from March 2014 to February 2015 at the Department of Microbiology and Department of Pharmacology, Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Centre (TMMC & RC), at a tertiary care teaching hospital, in Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. Results: UTI was much more common in females (61%, n=122) than in males (39%, n=78). The most common organism isolated was E. coli, 47%(n=94), followed by Klebsiella 34.5%(n=69), staphylococcus 7.5%(n=15), Proteus, pseudomonas 4%(n=8) and enterococcus 3%(n=6). E. coli was highly sensitive to the Ofloxacin 18% (n=36). Conclusion: Sensitivity pattern of the antimicrobial was found to be more in Nitrofurantoin (57%) was found to be more sensitive than Ofloxacin (40.5%) for the treatment of UTI.