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OBJECTIVE@#To study the clinical features of children with adenovirus pneumonia and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH).@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed on the mediacal data of 7 children with adenovirus pneumonia and HLH from March to September, 2019.@*RESULTS@#The age of these children ranged from 11 months to 5 years, and among these children, 5 were aged <2 years and 5 were boys. None of these children had underlying diseases. All children were hospitalized due to persistent high fever and cough, and the peak temperature of fever was 39°C to 41°C. With disease progression, 7 children developed hepatomegaly and 6 developed splenomegaly. Routine blood test results showed reductions in two or three lineages of blood cells, with increases in serum ferritin (SF), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Phagocytosis of blood cells was observed in 6 children. Radiological examination of lungs showed pneumonia changes. All 7 children were diagnosed with human adenovirus type 7 infection based on pathogenic metagenome detection. No abnormality was found by HLH gene detection and the children were diagnosed with secondary HLH. All children received intravenous immunoglobulin. Among these children, 4 received dexamethasone and etoposide chemotherapy, 3 received dexamethasone alone, and 4 received plasma exchange. Of the 7 children, 2 died and 5 were recovered. Compared with those who survived, the children who died had significantly greater reductions in the three lineages of blood cells and significantly greater increases in serum levels of CRP, PCT, SF, and LDH.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The children with adenovirus pneumonia and HLH have main clinical features of persistent high fever, progressive reductions in two or three lineages of peripheral blood cells, and involvement of other organ systems, including hepatosplenomegaly. Significant increases in serum levels of CRP, PCT, SF, and LDH may suggest a poor prognosis.
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Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Adenoviridae , Etoposide , Immunoglobulins, Intravenous , Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Imaging diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy has conventionally used ultrasonography. Shear wave elastography (SWE) is a recent ultrasound technological advancement that has shown promise in the important medical problem of differentiating between benign and malignant cervical lymph nodes based on quantitative measurements of elasticity modulus. However, widely varying elasticity modulus metrics and regions-of-interest (ROIs) were used in existing studies, leading to inconsistent findings and results that are hard to compare with each other. METHODS: Using a large dataset of 264 cervical lymph nodes from 200 patients, we designed a study comparing three elasticity modulus metrics (Emax, Emean, and standard deviation-SD) with three different ROIs to evaluate the effect of such selections. The metric values were compared between the benign and malignant node groups. The different ROI and metric selections were also compared through receiver operating characteristics curve analysis. RESULTS: For all ROIs, all metric values were significantly different between the two groups, indicting their diagnostic potential. This was confirmed by the ≥0.80 area under the curve (AUC) values achieved with these metrics. Different ROIs had no effect on Emax, whereas all ROIs achieved high performance at 0.88 AUC. For Emean, the smallest ROI focusing on the area of the highest elasticity achieved the best diagnostic performance. In contrast, the larger ROIs achieved higher performances for SD. CONCLUSIONS: This study illustrated the effect of elasticity modulus and ROI selection on the diagnostic performance of SWE on cervical lymphadenopathy. These new findings help guide relevant future studies and clinical applications of this important quantitative imaging modality.
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Humans , Breast Neoplasms , Elasticity Imaging Techniques , Reproducibility of Results , Ultrasonography , Sensitivity and Specificity , Diagnosis, Differential , Elastic Modulus , Lymph Nodes/diagnostic imaging , Neck/diagnostic imagingABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the effect of Trichosanthis Pericarpium aqueous extract(TPAE)in protecting H9c2 cells from hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury by activating phosphatidylionsitol-3-kinase/protein kinase B/nitric oxide(PI3K/Akt/NO) signaling pathway. Method: The 2.5 mmol·L-1 Na2S2O4 was used to induce the model of H9c2 cardiomyocytes H/R injury in the experiments. The cultured H9c2 cardiomyocytes were randomly divided into normal group, H/R group (model group) and inhibition group (LY294002, 10 μmol·L-1). In the H/R + TPAE group, 50 mg·L-1 TPAE was added to the cultures at 24 h before H/R exposure. Cell viability was measured by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The amounts of NO, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Reverse transcription-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR) was performed to analyze relative mRNA expressions of Akt, eNOS and iNOS. Western blot was used to detect the expressions of Akt, p-Akt (Ser 473), eNOS, and iNOS. Result: Compared with the normal control group,the cell viability significantly decreased in the model control group (PPPPPPPPConclusion: TPAE can protect H9c2 cardiomyocytes from H/R injury by activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway,which might be related to the up-regulation of the mRNA and protein expressions of eNOS, the down-regulation of the level of iNOS, and the increase of the production of physiological amounts of NO.
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A method for the determination of trace elements such as lead, arsenic and mercury in cream cosmetics by total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (TXRF) with suspension sampling was developed. The mixed solvents of water,tetrahydrofuran,methanol and were used to disperse paste, cream, and additives of triton X-100 to promote the test liquid uniform. The test suspension fluid were taken into the sample carrier,drying and then introduced into TXRF. Poly(1-vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) (P(VP-co-VAc)) was added to curing sediments,inhibiting proliferation. Triton X-100 and P(VP-co-VAc) were found to have the function of reducing mercury loss in the drying process. The loss of elements in the drying process and the effect of triton X-100 and P(VP-co-VAc) were investigated. The effect of cream matrix, element interference, spectral line and the inner standard were discussed. The calibration curves for quantitative analysis were established using matrix standards, so the error of software decomposition peak and the error caused by thick sample were avoided within a certain range. In this work,the linear correlation coefficients of Pb,As and Hg calibration curve were greater than 0.998 The detection limit of Pb,As and Hg in the solution were 0.005,0.004 and 0.006 μg/mL,respectively. Relative standard diviations(RSDs, n=11) of Pb, As and Hg were 7.8%-14.9%,6.6%-13.3% and 7.6%-14.6% respectively. The results of Pb, As, and Hg in cream cosmetics determinated by this method agreed with those obtained from inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and the value of standard reference material. The TXRF method was proved to be accurate,simple and valuable in determination of trace heavy metal ions in cosmetic samples.
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BACKGROUND: In the clinic, 25%-35% heel pain is mostly caused by plantar fasciitis. Previous studies mainly focused on plantar fasciitis with heel pain caused by flat foot and the growth of calcaneus bone spur. There are no reports on other reasons for plantar fasciitis in large-sample studies. OBJECTIVE: Using the real-time shear wave elastography, CT scan and X-ray, the anatomic site and thickness of normal two-dimensional ultrasound standard flat plantar aponeurosis were identified to analyze the relationship between plantar elastic characteristics and plantar arch angle from non-weight-bearing to weight-bearing position so as to explore the correlation of plantar fasciitis with plantar elastics and plantar arch angle. METHODS: Fifty healthy volunteers (feet) were selected as the healthy control group. 100 cases of plantar fasciitis (one foot) were selected as the case group. Plantar arch angle from non-weight-bearing to weight-bearing position was obtained using X-ray and CT scan to identify anatomic site of plantar aponeurosis in both groups. Two-dimensional ultrasound and real-time shear wave elastography were utilized to obtain thickness and elastic modulus of plantar aponeurosis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) From non-weight-bearing to weight-bearing, arch angle change value was (16.4±4.5)° in the healthy control group and (10.5±3.5)° in the case group. Significant differences in arch angle change were detected between the two groups (P <0.01). (2) Thickness of plantar fascia was obviously smaller in the healthy control group (2.4±0.3) mm than in the case group (3.5±0.9) mm. Elastic modulus of plantar fascia was obviously larger in the healthy control group (30.1±1.3) kPa than in the case group (9.1±1.2) kPa. Thickness of plantar fascia and elastic modulus of plantar fascia were significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.01). (3) In summary, real-time shear wave elastography combined with CT and X-ray images can investigate the morphological and elastic characteristics of the plantar aponeurosis from many aspects. Arch angle change is strongly associated with elastic modulus of plantar fascia. The decreased elastic modulus of plantar fascia is possibly one of the reasons for arch angle change from non-weight-bearing to weight-bearing conditions, and is probably one of reasons for plantar fasciitis with heel pain.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Double outlet right ventricle (DORV) is a group of complex congenital heart abnormalities. Preoperative pulmonary hypertension (PH) is considered an important risk factor for early death during the surgical treatment of DORV. The aim of this study was to report our experience on surgical treatment of DORV complicated by PH.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From June 2004 to November 2016, 61 patients (36 males and 25 females) aged 2 weeks to 26 years (median: 0.67 years and interquartile range: 0.42-1.67 years) with DORV (two great arteries overriding at least 50%) complicated by PH underwent surgical treatment in our center. All patients were categorized according to surgical age and lesion type, respectively. Pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP), pulmonary artery diastolic pressure (PADP), and mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) were measured directly before cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was established and after CPB was removed. An intracardiac channel procedure was performed in 37 patients, arterial switch procedure in 19 patients, Rastelli procedure in three patient, Senning procedure in one patients, and Mustard procedure in one patient. The Student's t-test and Chi-squared test were performed to evaluate clinical outcomes of the surgical timing and operation choice.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Fifty-five patients had uneventful recovery. PASP fell from 55.3 ± 11.2 mmHg to 34.7 ± 11.6 mmHg (t = 14.05, P < 0.001), PADP fell from 29.7 ± 12.5 mmHg to 18.6 ± 7.9 mmHg (t = 7.39, P < 0.001), and mPAP fell from 40.3 ± 10.6 mmHg to 25.7 ± 8.3 mmHg (t = 11.85, P < 0.001). Six (9.8%) patients died owing to complications including low cardiac output syndrome in two patients, respiratory failure in two, pulmonary hemorrhage in one, and sudden death in one patient. Pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) dropped significantly in infant and child patients. Mortality of both infants (13.9%) and adults (33.3%) was high.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>PAP of patients with DORV complicated by PH can be expected to fall significantly after surgery. An arterial switch procedure can achieve excellent results in patients with transposition of the great arteries type. Higher incidence of complications may occur in patients with ventricular septal defect (VSD) type before 1 year of age. For those with remote VSD type, VSD enlargement and right ventricle outflow tract reconstruction are usually required with acceptable results. The degree of aortic overriding does not influence surgical outcome.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Young Adult , Cardiac Surgical Procedures , Methods , Double Outlet Right Ventricle , General Surgery , Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular , General Surgery , Heart Ventricles , General Surgery , Hypertension, Pulmonary , Pulmonary Valve Stenosis , General Surgery , Risk Factors , Transposition of Great Vessels , General Surgery , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the effects and its mechanism of lipopolysaccharide on the proliferation,differentiation and apoptosis of human dental pulp stem cells by Notch signaling pathway. Methods:Human dental pulp stem cells( hDPSCs) was isolated from dental pulp tissue;cell proliferation was detected after 0,0. 1,1,10 μg/ml treated cells for 1,3,5,7 days by CCK8 test;related mRNA expression ALP,DSPP,DMP1 gene was detected after 1 μg/ml lipopolysaccharide treated hDPSCs for 0,3,7,14,21 day by RT-PCR;cell apoptosis was detected after 1 μg/ml lipopolysaccharide treated hDPSCs for 0,7,14,21 day by flow cytometry. Cleaved caspase3,Notch1,Hes1 protein expression was detected by Western blot. Results:Cell proliferation after different concentrations lipopo-lysaccharide stimulated hDPSCs for 1, 3, 5 days had no significant difference, significantly lower at 7 day than 0 μg/ml lipopolysaccharide group(P<0. 01). ALP,DSPP,DMP1 mRNA expression lipopolysaccharide treated hDPSCs at 3 day compared with the control group had no statistical significance(P>0. 05),significantly higher at 7,14,21 day than control group(P<0. 01);cells apoptosis rate and Cleaved caspase3,Notch1,Hes1 protein expression lipopolysaccharide treatment hDPSCs at 7,14 and 21day was sig-nificantly higher than the control group(P<0. 01);ALP,DSPP,DMP1 mRNA expression and apoptosis rate and Cleaved caspase3, Notch1,Hes1 protein expression at 21 day was a downward trend. Conclusion:Lipopolysaccharide can decrease the proliferation of hDPSCs and promote its mineralization and apoptosis,which may be related to the activation of Notch signaling pathway.
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Objective To design and develop an information management system based on network database for hyperbaric oxygen therapy to solve the problems in repeated operation,excessive data,copying and etc.Methods Network database was used to establish the information storage unit,design software and hardware architecture as well as develop information treatment units for medical terminal,self service,hand-hold intelligent terminal,appointment App program and etc.Results The system realized rapid printing and recognition of patient information,quick response of server,high accuracy of charging module,and high efficiency of self service terminal and appointment registration.Conchusion The system optimizes hyperbaric oxygen therapy flow,enhances working efficiency of medical staffs and gains high patient satisfaction,and thus is worthy promoting clinically.
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Objective:To investigate the effects and its mechanism of lipopolysaccharide on the proliferation,differentiation and apoptosis of human dental pulp stem cells by Notch signaling pathway. Methods:Human dental pulp stem cells( hDPSCs) was isolated from dental pulp tissue;cell proliferation was detected after 0,0. 1,1,10 μg/ml treated cells for 1,3,5,7 days by CCK8 test;related mRNA expression ALP,DSPP,DMP1 gene was detected after 1 μg/ml lipopolysaccharide treated hDPSCs for 0,3,7,14,21 day by RT-PCR;cell apoptosis was detected after 1 μg/ml lipopolysaccharide treated hDPSCs for 0,7,14,21 day by flow cytometry. Cleaved caspase3,Notch1,Hes1 protein expression was detected by Western blot. Results:Cell proliferation after different concentrations lipopo-lysaccharide stimulated hDPSCs for 1, 3, 5 days had no significant difference, significantly lower at 7 day than 0 μg/ml lipopolysaccharide group(P<0. 01). ALP,DSPP,DMP1 mRNA expression lipopolysaccharide treated hDPSCs at 3 day compared with the control group had no statistical significance(P>0. 05),significantly higher at 7,14,21 day than control group(P<0. 01);cells apoptosis rate and Cleaved caspase3,Notch1,Hes1 protein expression lipopolysaccharide treatment hDPSCs at 7,14 and 21day was sig-nificantly higher than the control group(P<0. 01);ALP,DSPP,DMP1 mRNA expression and apoptosis rate and Cleaved caspase3, Notch1,Hes1 protein expression at 21 day was a downward trend. Conclusion:Lipopolysaccharide can decrease the proliferation of hDPSCs and promote its mineralization and apoptosis,which may be related to the activation of Notch signaling pathway.
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Objective To design a self-service terminal for hyperbaric oxygen therapy in order to improve the orderliness and efficiency of hyperbaric oxygen therapy.Methods The hardware included mainframe and cabinet,and the software used human-computer interface.Network database was connected with ADO technology,and Delphi 7.0,Pascal compiling code were applied to code compilation.Results The self-service terminal involved the patient into the information chain of hyperbaric oxygen therapy to enhance the working efficiency and therapy orderliness.Conclusion The terminal behaves well in hardware,software,network database and human-computer interaction,and thus is worthy promoting to medium and large hyperbaric oxygen chambers.
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Objective To design an Android-based hand-hold intelligent terminal to meet the requirements for the portability of hyperbaric oxygen therapy information management system. Methods MT6582 processor was used as the primary control unit, which integrated the modules for display, communication, input and output. RAD Studio XE7 was applied to program development, and the main interface had the functions of charging and appointment. Results The hand-hold intelligent terminal gained advantages in stable connection with the server and rapid response, and enhanced the efficiency of hyperbaric oxygen therapy information management system greatly. Conclusion The terminal increases the portability of hyperbaric oxygen therapy information management system, and thus is worthy promoting practically.
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In recent years,molecular biology has rapidly devel-oped,and molecular targeted therapy of non-small cell lung cancer has become a hot spot for the research. Although the tar-geted therapy has a big advantage compared with traditional chemotherapy,it is inevitable to encounter drug resistance in targeted therapy. Therefore,drug resistance has become the sig-nificant obstacle of targeted drugs for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC). Curcumin is the main extract of tu-meric rhizome,which harbours a wide range of antitumor activi-ties,and several studies have identified that curcumin exhibits reversion drug resistance against a variety of cancer cells. How-ever,there are few studies on curcumin reversion molecular tar-geted drug resistance. This review summarizes the recent pro-gress in resistance mechanism of targeted drug and the reversion resistance of curcumin.
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Objective Human papillomavirus (HPV) is presumed to be the cause of the development of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.However,the current research results are not very sure.The article was designed to study the distribution of HPV infection in the tissues of laryngopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and laryngeal papilloma and its significance.Methods We collected samples of tissues from 67 patients who were treated in our hospital,including 41 cases of laryngeal papilloma,26 cases with laryngeal carcinoma,hypopharyngeal carcinoma,and oropharyngeal carcinoma.In the same period,20 cases of benign vocal cord polyps were treated as control group.PCR was applied in HPV typing test of fresh tumor tissues from operations,followed by the analysis on HPV infection type and distribution.Results In research group,44/67 cases was HPV-positive (65.7％),among which the HPV types of the laryngeal papilloma were HPVll (36/41) and HPV6 (4/41),and HPVI6 (6/26) in laryngeal carcinoma,hypopharyngeal carcinoma,and oropharyngeal carcinoma.While in control group,vocal cord polyps were HPV-negative without any multitype infection.Conclusion HPV16 may be a risk factor for the occurrence of laryngeal cancer and oropharyngeal cancer (non-alcoholic-induced or non-tobacco-induced cancer).HPV has high prevalence in Chinese laryngeal papilloma people,but HPV has low prevalence in Chinese laryngeal or hypopharyngeal carcinoma people.HPV testing of head and neck cancer is worth promoting.
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Objective To design and develop an information management system based on network database for hyperbaric oxygen therapy to solve the problems in repeated operation,excessive data,copying and etc.Methods Network database was used to establish the information storage unit,design software and hardware architecture as well as develop information treatment units for medical terminal,self service,hand-hold intelligent terminal,appointment App program and etc.Results The system realized rapid printing and recognition of patient information,quick response of server,high accuracy of charging module,and high efficiency of self service terminal and appointment registration.Conchusion The system optimizes hyperbaric oxygen therapy flow,enhances working efficiency of medical staffs and gains high patient satisfaction,and thus is worthy promoting clinically.
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Objective To design a self-service terminal for hyperbaric oxygen therapy in order to improve the orderliness and efficiency of hyperbaric oxygen therapy.Methods The hardware included mainframe and cabinet,and the software used human-computer interface.Network database was connected with ADO technology,and Delphi 7.0,Pascal compiling code were applied to code compilation.Results The self-service terminal involved the patient into the information chain of hyperbaric oxygen therapy to enhance the working efficiency and therapy orderliness.Conclusion The terminal behaves well in hardware,software,network database and human-computer interaction,and thus is worthy promoting to medium and large hyperbaric oxygen chambers.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the mid-term clinical outcome of endoscopic greater saphenous vein harvesting (EVH) in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Method A total of 205 patients receiving off-pump CABG between July, 2012 and April, 2013 at our department were enrolled in this study, including 66 patients (35 male and 31 female patients with a mean age of 60.3±7.92 years) undergoing EVH and 139 patients (109 male and 30 female patients with a mean age of 59.20±8.37 years) undergoing open greater saphenous vein harvesting (OVH).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The surgical procedures were completed smoothly in all the cases. The perioperative mortality rates was 3.03% (2/66) in EVH group, as compared with 3.60% (5/139) in OVH group (P=1.00). Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) occurred during the perioperative period in 3 (2.16%) patients in OVH group and in 1 (1.52%) patient in EVH group. Perioperative low cardiac output syndrome was diagnosed in 4 (2.88%) patients in OVH group and in 2 (3.03%) in EVH group (P>0.05). During the follow-up, 8 (8.80%) patients in OVH group and 5 (8.06%) in EVH group had recurrent angina (P=0.93). No patients experienced AMI during the follow-up. The 2-year patency rate of the venous grafts was 83.59% in OVH group and 82.22% in EVH group (P=0.73).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>EVH has significant advantage in reducing the complications of the incision in the lower limbs. The mid-term patency rates of venous grafts are similar between OVH and EVH, but the long-term patency rate needs further evaluation.</p>
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Coronary Artery Bypass , Endoscopy , Lower Extremity , Saphenous Vein , Transplantation , Tissue and Organ Harvesting , Vascular Surgical ProceduresABSTRACT
Hypoxia, a state of low oxygen, is a common feature of solid tumors and is associated with disease progression as well as resistance to radiotherapy and certain chemotherapeutic drugs. Hypoxic regions in tumors, therefore, represent attractive targets for cancer therapy. To date, five distinct classes of bioreactive prodrugs have been developed to target hypoxic cells in solid tumors. These hypoxia-activated prodrugs, including nitro compounds, N-oxides, quinones, and metal complexes, generally share a common mechanism of activation whereby they are reduced by intracellular oxidoreductases in an oxygen-sensitive manner to form cytotoxins. Several examples including PR-104, TH-302, and EO9 are currently undergoing phase II and phase III clinical evaluation. In this review, we discuss the nature of tumor hypoxia as a therapeutic target, focusing on the development of bioreductive prodrugs. We also describe the current knowledge of how each prodrug class is activated and detail the clinical progress of leading examples.
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Humans , Anthraquinones , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Aziridines , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Cell Hypoxia , Indolequinones , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Molecular Structure , NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone) , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Neoplasms , Drug Therapy , Pathology , Nitrogen Mustard Compounds , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Nitroimidazoles , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Phosphoramide Mustards , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Prodrugs , Chemistry , Pharmacology , Triazines , Chemistry , PharmacologyABSTRACT
RESULTS: All EEs of the three VLIs were over 93%. The mean diameters, Zeta potentials and entrapment efficiencies of the three VLIs were similar. Meanwhile the three VLIs were stable in the long-term stability test. The cryo-TEM showed that almost all vesicles had spherical structure and uniform nanosize. Furthermore, some colloid substances and acicular crystal were found inside VLI-2 and VLI-3, respectively. The release rate of VLI-3 was slower, which indicated that the drug crystal probably influence the in vitro drug release. The pharmacodynamic test showed that the antitumor effect of VLI-3 was better than VLI-2 and VLI-1, while those of the latter two were superior to VI.
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@#BACKGROUND: Ascariasis is one of the most common human parasitic infections worldwide. In some rare cases, ascariasis may cause serious consequences even sudden death. This study was undertaken to review the life-threatening complications of ascariasis in trauma patients reported in the literature. DATA SOURCES: Relevant articles about ascariasis and trauma were searched from Pubmed, Google scholar, Scirus, and Wanfang databases. RESULTS: Twenty-four patients with ascariasis were collected from 21 articles searched. Most of these patients were from tropical and subtropical countries. Of the 24 patients, 12 were children. Their major complications occurred in the airway passage and digestive tract. There were 3 fatal cases in these patients. Twelve of the 24 patients described in 10 articles were reported in the last 10 years. CONCLUSIONS: Early diagnosis and prompt intervention are essential to minimize the high morbidity and mortality of these serious complications in trauma patients. Physicians should be aware of the possibility of Ascaris infection in a trauma patient from endemic area of ascariasis. History of Ascaris infection and routine examination of feces forAscaris eggs may be helpful to make a correct diagnosis.
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To investigate the effects of particle size, mPEG molecular weight, coating density and zeta potential of monomethoxyl poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (mPEG-PLGA) nanoparticles on their transportation across the rat nasal mucosa, mPEG-PLGA-NPs with different mPEG molecular weights (M(r) 1 000, 2 000) and coating density (0, 5%, 10%, 15%) and chitosan coated PLGA-NP, which loaded coumarin-6 as fluorescent marker, were prepared with the nanoprecipitation method and emulsion-solvent evaporation method, and determine their particle size, zeta potential, the efficiency of fluorescent labeling, in vitro leakage rate and the stability with the lysozyme were determined. The effects of physical and chemical properties on the transmucosal transport of the fluorescent nanoparticles were investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The result showed that the size of nanoparticles prepared with nanoprecipitation method varied between 120 and 200 nm; the size of nanoparticles prepared with emulsion-solvent evaporation method varied between 420 and 450 nm. Nanoparticles dispersed uniformly; the zeta potential of PLGA-NPs was negative; mPEG-PLGA-NPs was close to neutral; chitosan coated PLGA-NPs was positive; and the efficiency of fluorescent labeling were higher than 80%. In vitro leak was less than 5% within 4 h and nanoparticles were basically stable with lysozyme. The CLSM results show that the transportation efficiency of mPEG-PLGA-NPs with a high PEG coating density and high mPEG molecular weight was significantly higher than that of uncoated PLGA nanoparticles and also that of chitosan coated PLGA-NPs (P < 0.05). The hydrophilcity, zeta potential and particle size of nanoparticles play important roles on the efficiency of mPEG-PLGA nanoparticles to transport across the rat nasal mucosa.