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From 2015 to 2019, the annual average incidence rate of scarlet fever was 7.80/100 000 in Yantai City, which showed an increasing trend since 2017 (χ2trend=233.59, P<0.001). The peak period of this disease was from April to July and November to January of the next year. The ratio of male to female was 1.49∶1, with a higher prevalence among cases aged 3 to 9 years (2 357/2 552, 92.36%). Children in kindergartens, primary and middle school students, and scattered children were the high risk population, with the incidence rate of 159.86/100 000, 25.57/100 000 and 26.77/100 000, respectively. The global spatial auto-correlation analysis showed that the global Moran's I index of the reported incidence rate of scarlet fever in Yantai from 2015 to 2019 was 0.28, 0.29, 0.44, 0.48, and 0.22, respectively (all P values<0.05), suggesting that the incidence rate of scarlet fever in Yantai from 2015 to 2019 was spatial clustering. The local spatial auto-correlation analysis showed that the "high-high" clustering areas were mainly located in Laizhou City, Zhifu District, Haiyang City, Fushan District and Kaifa District, while the "low-high" clustering areas were mainly located in Haiyang City and Fushan District.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Male , Female , Scarlet Fever/epidemiology , Spatial Analysis , Cities/epidemiology , Seasons , Risk Factors , Incidence , Cluster Analysis , China/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the correlation between type H hypertension and the development of coronary atherosclerosis.Methods From January 2015 to December 2016,three hundred and sixty patients with essential hypertension complicated with coronary atherosclerosis were treated in First Hospital of Shijiazhuang were selected,according to the level of serum homocysteine (Hcy),the patients were divided into the observation group (n =197 cases,Hcy ≥ 10 μ mol/L) and the control group (n =163 cases,Hcy＜10 μmol/L),all patients underwent coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasound.Results The cross-sectional area of extravascular elastic membrane (EEMCSA),plaque area (PA) and plaque burden(PB) of the observed group were (15.10±0.91) mm2,(8.80±0.99) mm2 and (62.03±3.20)％,wrere obviously higher than thoseat of the control group((13.72±0.96) mm2、(7.92±0.89) mm2、(56.87 ±3.37) ％),and the difference was statistically significant (t =14.079,、8.864,and 14.983,P＜0.05),and the minimum lumen cross section area (MLA) was (5.40 ±0.64) mm2,were obviously lower than that of the control group ((5.89 ± 0.52) mm2),and the difference was statistically significant (t =-7.937,P＜0.05);The Gensini score of the coronary artery in the observation group was (67.64± 13.19) points,which was significantly higher than that in the control group ((55.34± 12.20) points),and the difference was statistically significant (t =9.190,P＜0.05);the Serum Hcy were positively correlated with PA,PB and Gensini scores in the observation group (r =0.873,0.732and 0.856,P ＜ 0.05),which was negatively correlated with MLA (r =-0.773,P＜0.05).Conclusion There is a certain correlation between the severity of coronary atherosclerosis and the level of serum Hcy in patients with type H hypertension,which is worthy of further study.
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Objective To analyze the effect of different bone defect types on stress distributions of the implant- bone interface and bone-Bio-oss interface under dynamic loads by finite element method. Methods The finite element models for four types of bone defects (fenestrative bone defect, dehiscent bone defect, circular bone defect, vertical bone defect) without the first molars were established, then the models of grafting bone and implants corresponding to each model were established. The vertical load of 100 N and Oblique load of 200 N were used to simulate the dynamic chewing process of 5 stages in a masticatory cycle, and the maximum Von Mises stresses at the implant-bone interface and bone-Bio-oss interface were analyzed. Results In a masticatory cycle, from stage 2 to stage 4, the stresses on implant-bone interface increased by 81.6%, 90.7%, 182%, 106%, respectively, while the stresses on Bio-oss bone and natural bone interface increased by 26%, 13%, 6%, 56.25%, respectively. Conclusions The sequence of bone graft stability for the models with four types of bone defects is: circular bone defect> dehiscent bone defect>fenestrative bone defect>vertical bone defects. In clinic, doctors should screen the high-risk patients according to the sites of the bone grafts, and choose different methods for fixing the bone grafts so as to improve the stability of bone grafting. The axial loading will be more beneficial to the stress distributions on the interface, and the oblique loading should be decreased or avoided in clinical design for the superstructure of implant denture.
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The network pharmacology gradually expands its applications to the drug development and mechanism research. The present work aims to predict the targets and the mechanisms of "warming channel and relieving stagnation" effects of Cinnamomum cassia Presl, especially the effect of promoting blood circulation, by means of reverse pharmacophore mapping, database mining, and some other methods. The results suggest that the main efficient components of C. cassia were procyanidins, diterpenoids, lignans, and so on, and its potential targets include fibrinogen, coagulation factor X, etc. After bioinformatics analysis, the potential influenced biological pathways were disclosed to be VEGF pathway, PDGF pathway, etc. Based on the targeted proteins and pathway forecasting workflow, a cinnamon-centered biological information network was established and the subnetwork relating to cardiovascular activity, especially antithrombotic activity, was extracted. Through this study, we establish a network pharmacology analytical guideline consisting of "potential active components screening-target prediction-metabolic pathway analysis" for traditional Chinese medicine, which provides a new idea and method to clarify the mechanisms of "warming channel and relieving stagnation" effects of C. cassia, and gives the possible directions for the following related activity and mechanism researches. Meanwhile, the method also provide a reference to others in the study of traditional Chinese medicines.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Although radiological features of pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in non-Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) immunocompromised patients have been reported by other authors, there were no studies on the radiological stages of PCP previously. This study aimed to elucidate the radiological stages and prognoses of PCP in non-AIDS immunocompromised patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Retrospective analysis of radiological manifestations and prognoses of 105 non-AIDS PCP immunocompromised patients from August 2009 to April 2016 was conducted. Chest radiograph was divided into three stages: early stage (normal or nearly normal chest radiograph), mid stage (bilateral pulmonary infiltrates), and late stage (bilateral pulmonary consolidations); chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) was also divided into three stages: early stage (bilateral diffuse ground-glass opacity [GGO]), mid stage (bilateral diffuse GGO and patchy consolidations), and late stage (bilateral diffuse consolidations).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The case fatality rate (CFR) of all patients was 34.3% (36/105), all of them took routine chest X-ray (CXR), and 84 underwent chest CT examinations. According to the CXR most near the beginning of anti-PCP therapy, 18 cases were at early stage and CFR was 0 (0/18, P< 0.01), 50 cases were at mid stage and CFR was 28.0% (14/50, P> 0.05), and 37 cases were at late stage and CFR was 59.5% (22/37, P< 0.01). According to the chest HRCT most near the beginning of anti-PCP therapy, 40 cases were at early stage and CFR was 20.0% (8/40, P> 0.05), 34 cases were at mid stage and CFR was 47.1% (16/34, P> 0.05), and 10 cases were at late stage and CFR was 80.0% (8/10, P< 0.05); barotrauma, including pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and pneumohypoderma, was found in 18 cases and the CFR was 77.8% (14/18, P< 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Based on the radiological manifestations, the course of PCP in non-AIDS immunocompromised patients can be divided into three stages: early stage, mid stage, and late stage. The prognoses of patients treated at early stage are good, and those at late stage are poor. Furthermore, the CFR of patients with barotrauma is high.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , Mortality , Pathology , Immunocompromised Host , Pneumonia, Pneumocystis , Diagnosis , Mortality , Pathology , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
Objective To establish the model of dentulous mandible and straight wire appliance and investigate the stress and displacement distributions of the roots and periodontal tissues under en masse space closure with sliding mechanics. Methods The three-dimensional finite element model of mandible and teeth was developed from CT images, which consisted of the dentin, enamel, dental pulp, PDL (periodontal ligament), cortical and cancellous bone. The models of Roth straight wire brackets with actual data were also constructed. The dental adhesives were used to stick the brackets on the corresponding teeth. Contact elements were used to simulate the interaction between the stainless steel arch wire and the brackets. Moreover, spring elements were used to connect the brackets and the arch wire. The load with the value of 1 N was applied on the model to close the space. Results The lingual tipping of lateral and central incisors was found, corresponding with the clinical observation of en masse space closure with sliding mechanics. High stress in the teeth and periodontal tissue appeared at the incisors and the distal roots of the first molars. The maximum von Mises stresses in PDL of the central incisors and the distal roots of the first molars were 3.97 kPa and 5.75 kPa, respectively. Conclusions In order to avoid root resorption of incisors, the torque of the brackets could be increased. Less orthodontic forces or orthodontic implant could be used to avoid distal roots of first molars.
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We present an unusual case of an unstable pelvic fracture during pregnancy period, who suffered fetal death and splenic rupture simultaneously which developed massive delayed hemorrhage in abdomen. When considering potential causes of fetal death, direct trauma to the uterus, placenta, or fetus was not associated with a higher fetal mortality rate, compared with maternal hemorrhage. A cesarean section and splenectomy could rescue the maternal life from the hemorrhage situation. Successful treatment of these rare cases is possible with careful pre-, peri-, and post-operative evaluation of the mother and fetus by a multidisciplinary team.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Cesarean Section , Fetal Death , Fractures, Bone , Hemorrhage , Pelvic Bones , Wounds and InjuriesABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To set up thalassemia population intervention model in order to decrease the birth of thalassemia major, relying on population and family planning service system.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Pregnant women and their husbands were educated about thalassemia, and participated in screening and prenatal diagnosis if the couple were carriers of thalassemia in the areas of Huangpu, Panyu, Zengcheng and Tianhe districts of Guangzhou.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The network of thalassemia intervention mainly dependent on family planning service system was set up in these regions. A total of 10 695 families participated in thalassemia screening and 16 thalassemia major fetuses were diagnosed in the last two years. No one was thalassemia major in the 8360 newborn.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Thalassemia population intervention model was set up relying on family planning service system and it significantly decreased the birth of thalassemia major.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Pregnancy , Family Planning Services , Methods , Genetic Counseling , Heterozygote , Mass Screening , Methods , Prenatal Diagnosis , Methods , Spouses , Thalassemia , Diagnosis , GeneticsABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is one of the most common and fatal infections in non-AIDS immunocompromised patients, which is difficult to diagnose by traditional morphologic methods. This study evaluated polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays of Pneumocystis jirovecii mitochondrial large subunits ribosomal RNA in sputum and bronchioalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) for diagnosing PCP.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sputum and BALF specimens from two groups were collected: one group (PCP group) included 20 patients definitely diagnosed of PCP by Gomori methenamine silver (GMS) stains of BALF; the other group (non-PCP group) included 40 patients. Each specimen was examined by GMS stains and PCR assays.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>GMS stains of BALF in PCP group were 100% positive (20/20), GMS stains of sputum in PCP group were 35% positive (7/20); GMS stains of BALF in non-PCP group were 100% negative (40/40), GMS stains of sputum in non-PCP group were 100% negative (40/40). PCR assays of BALF in PCP group were 100% positive (20/20), PCR assays of sputum in PCP group were 100% positive (20/20); PCR assays of BALF in non-PCP group were 100% negative (40/40), PCR assays of sputum in non-PCP group were 100% negative (40/40). Sensitivity and specificity of PCR assays of sputum and BALF were both 100%; positive and negative predictive values were also both 100%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The diagnostic value of PCR assays of Pneumocystis jirovecii mitochondrial large subunits ribosomal RNA on sputum and BALF for pneumocystis pneumonia are both high and equivalent.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , Diagnosis , Genetics , Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid , Chemistry , Pneumonia, Pneumocystis , Diagnosis , Genetics , Metabolism , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Methods , Sputum , ChemistryABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of serum Cystatin C for early detection of renal damage in patients with liver cirrhosis. Methods 24-h creatinine clearance (CCr), serum level of cystatin C (CysC) and serum creatinine were measured in 76 patients with cirrhosis and t-test,Pearson's correlation test and ROC curve were used to evaluate the diagnostic significance of Cys C.Results The increase in Cys C level was associated with a decrease of CCr in the patients. Both Cys C and SCr were inversely correlated with CCr ( CysC: r =- 0. 763, P ＜ 0. 001; SCr: r=-0. 571,P＜0.01). Meanwhile, the area under the ROC curve was significantly higher in Cys C than in SCr (0. 830 vs. 0. 612). Conclusion Cystatin C is a more accurate and sensitive marker of renal diagnosis in liver cirrhosis. Detection of Cys C level in cirrhotic patients is of great significance for the prevention of liver-kidney syndrome.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the abutment periodontium condition after restored with the distal-extension extracoronal attachment dentures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>20 mandibular distal-extension cases were followed up, to measure the gingival index (GI) and plaque index (PLI) of the distant-abutments before restored with attachment dentures and after restored for one month, six months and one year; to compare the length of distant alveolar bone before restored with that after restored one year by taking digital stomatology tomogram photos.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were not significantly different in the PLI of distant-abutment between before repaired and after repaired one month, six months, one year (P > 0.05). There were not significantly different in the GI of distant-abutment between before repaired and after repaired one month, six months (P > 0.05), but the GI of distant-abutment after repaired one year was significantly higher than that before repaired (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences on the length of distant alveolar bone in distant-abutment before repaired and after repaired one year(P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It is important to protect the periodontal health of the abutment when restored with distal-extension extracoronal attachment dentures. It is necessary to examine periodically after restored in order to keep the periodontal health of the abutment.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Dental Abutments , Dental Plaque Index , Dentures , Periodontal IndexABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To construct the anti-lung tumor gene differentially expressed bank of wild mouse and to explore the mechanisms of the TW wild mouse suppressing the occurring of lung tumor.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) technique, the differentially expressed genes between TAF1 mouse and A/wy mouse were selected out and the subtracted cDNA bank was constructed. 166 clones were performed DNA sequencing and then were assayed by blast programme.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the blast results of 166 differentially expressed clones, 87 known genes (mRNA or cDNA) were in homology with 134 clones and were divided into 7 classifications according to the biological role.14 DNA fragments were in homology with 32 clones, in which 20 clones were in homology with 9 mouse DNA sequences, 2 clones were in homology with one bacterial gene sequences and 3 clones were clone vector.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>With SSH technique, the anti-lung tumor gene differentially expressed bank of wild mouse are successfully constructed.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Mice , DNA, Complementary , Genetics , Gene Expression Profiling , Gene Library , Lung Neoplasms , Genetics , Mice, Inbred Strains , Genetics , Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis , RNA, Messenger , Genetics , Tumor Cells, CulturedABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of operative treatment of scapular fractures through modified Judet approach.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 1997 to October 2005, 21 patients (15 females, 6 males; mean age 34 years) of scapular fractures were treated by open reduction and internal fixation through the modified Judet approach. According to Hardegger classification system, there were 11 patients of scapular body fractures, 10 patients of scapular neck fractures, 8 patients of glenoid rim fractures, 7 patients of glenoid fossa fractures, 9 patients of scapular spine fractures, and 6 patients of scapular acromion fractures.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Eighteen patients were followed up with an average of 21 months (range 6 months-4 years). According to Rowe scores system, 12 patients showed excellent, 3 showed good, 2 showed fair, and 1 showed poor.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The modified Judet approaches have the advantages of wide exploration, safety, and easy fixation. It is a good choice to the operation for most types of scapular fractures through the modified Judet approach.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Follow-Up Studies , Fracture Fixation, Internal , Methods , Fractures, Bone , General Surgery , Scapula , Wounds and Injuries , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the relationship between the overexpression of PKA RIalpha mRNA and cliniopathological parameters in lung cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of PKA RIalpha mRNA in 54 cases with human lung cancer and matched normal tissues.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The expression of PKA RIalpha mRNA was significantly higher in cancer tissue (66.7%) than in normal tissues (20.4%) (P < 0.01). (2) The expression was significantly correlated with TNM stage (P < 0.01), being increased with TNM stage. (3) The expression was significantly higher in patients with positive lymph nodes than in those with negative lymph nodes (P < 0.01). (4) There were no significant associations of PKA RIalpha mRNA expression with histological type, differentiation grade or size of the tumor.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This study indicates that the overexpression of PKA RIalpha mRNA may play an important role in the progression, metastasis and prognosis of lung cancer.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Adenocarcinoma , Metabolism , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Metabolism , Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinase RIalpha Subunit , Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases , Genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Lung Neoplasms , Metabolism , Pathology , Lymphatic Metastasis , Neoplasm Staging , Prognosis , RNA, Messenger , GeneticsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the expression of three different RASSF1 transcripts and its clinical significance in lung carcinomas.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The mRNA expression of RASSF1A, RASSF1B and RASSF1C was detected by RT-PCR in 51 human lung cancer tissues and 51 matched normal tissues.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>1. The mRNA expression of three RASSF1 transcripts was detectable in all non-cancer tissues. However, high rate of expression loss of RASSF1A and RASSF1B existed in lung cancer tissues, which was 53.2% (2851) and 37.3% (19/51), respectively. RASSF1C was expressed in all of the tumor tissues. 2. Loss or abnormal down-regulation of RASSF1A was positively related with lymph node metastasis and TNM stage (P < 0.05) and 3. RASSF1B and RASSF1C mRNA expression was not correlated with TNM stage, histological type, differentiation grade or smoking index.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There is a significant expression difference among the three RASSF1 transcripts in lung carcinoma. RASSF1A, closely associated with lymph metastasis and TNM stage of lung carcinoma, should be a new tumor suppressor gene.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Chromosome Deletion , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3 , Genes, Tumor Suppressor , Lung Neoplasms , Genetics , Pathology , Lymphatic Metastasis , Neoplasm Staging , RNA, Messenger , Tumor Suppressor Proteins , GeneticsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To improve the diagnosis and treatment of severe cerebral fat embolism (SCFE).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The data of nine patients with SCFE were retrospectively analyzed. The manifestations of the central nerve system, respiratory system and hemorrhage were recorded, at the same time, accessory examination including arterial oxygen, fat macroglobules in venous blood and image examination was adapted. The patients were treated with exopexy, pharmocotherapy and oxygentherapy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Two of the nine patients died of severe complications, the other seven recovered without severe sequela.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Gurd standard should be improved for early diagnosis of SCFE. If svere complications can be prevented, patients who receive early treatment will have favourable prognosis.</p>