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Objective To observe the liver histology change of obesity rat induced by high fat diet and discuss its significance. Methods The rats were divided into 2 groups:12 obesity rats induced by high fat diet and 8 rats for control. Then the fasting blood glucose, lipid, blood uric acid, insulin level were tested while BMI, HOMA-IR and ISI were calculated at 14 week. Also the HE staining of the liver tissue was performed. Results The baseline parameters including gender, body weigh, body length, tail length and Lee's Index were similar between the two groups (P>0.05). But after 14 weeks, the body weigh, body length and Lee's Index of the obesity rats were higher significantly than the normals[(367.92±88.88) g vs (252.5±59.47) g,(23.14±2.18) cm vs(20.81±1.71) cm, (328.18±9.82)vs (265.00±38.17),(P<0.05)]. The fasting blood glucose of obesity group was higher than that of control group, but the HDL level of obesity group was lower than that of control group [(7.00±1.81) mmol/L vs (4.21±1.13) mmol/L,(1.24±0.14) mmol/L vs (1.41±0.15) mmol/L,(P<0.05)]. The insulin, triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL, urimic acide, HOMA-IR and ISI were not different between the two groups. The balloon degeneration and fatty degeneration of the liver tissue were observed under light microscope at the obesity group. Conclusion The balloon-like changes and steatosis of the liver tissue, as well as the high blood sugar and high-density lipoprotein, were the basis of obesity induced abnormal metabolism including fatty liver and glycolipids.
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Objective@#To observe the liver histology change of obesity rat induced by high fat diet and discuss its significance.@*Methods@#The rats were divided into 2 groups:12 obesity rats induced by high fat diet and 8 rats for control. Then the fasting blood glucose, lipid, blood uric acid, insulin level were tested while BMI, HOMA-IR and ISI were calculated at 14 week. Also the HE staining of the liver tissue was performed.@*Results@#The baseline parameters including gender, body weigh, body length, tail length and Lee’s Index were similar between the two groups (P>0.05) . But after 14 weeks, the body weigh, body length and Lee’s Index of the obesity rats were higher significantly than the normals[ (367.92±88.88) g vs (252.5±59.47) g, (23.14±2.18) cm vs (20.81±1.71) cm, (328.18±9.82) vs (265.00±38.17) , (P<0.05) ]. The fasting blood glucose of obesity group was higher than that of control group, but the HDL level of obesity group was lower than that of control group[ (7.00±1.81) mmol/L vs (4.21±1.13) mmol/L, (1.24±0.14) mmol/L vs (1.41±0.15) mmol/L, (P<0.05) ]. The insulin, triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL, urimic acide, HOMA-IR and ISI were not different between the two groups. The balloon degeneration and fatty degeneration of the liver tissue were observed under light microscope at the obesity group.@*Conclusion@#The balloon-like changes and steatosis of the liver tissue, as well as the high blood sugar and high-density lipoprotein, were the basis of obesity induced abnormal metabolism including fatty liver and glycolipids.
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Objective To observe and discuss the application and clinical effect of different forms of ear cartilage in nasal tip plasty.Methods Auricular cartilage was used to prune it as "halberd" shape at first,and then the extended transplantation and the cartilage fornix reconstruction were carried out by using single or combined septum cartilage.Meanwhile,nasal tip plasty was performed by using "cap shape" or "shield shape" cartilage grafting.Results 136 patients were followed up for 6 to 24 months after operation.119 cases were satisfied,accounting for 87.5％,of which 11 cases (ear cartilage weakness) were not improved obviously,accounting for 8％.However,there were only 6 cases with the unsatisfactory feedback as the nasal tip that was decreased by 1～2 mm one year after the operation,accounting for 4.41％.Conclusions The auricular cartilage is pruned as "halberd" shape singly or combined with septal cartilage as an extended graft,reconstructing the cartilage fornix in the meantime,which is the way better than the traditional way of making nasal tip plasty to obtain the ideal nasal tip protrusion.
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Objectives To investigate the risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis in middle-aged and elderly residents in Luohe City,Henan Province.Methods Survey questionnaires and measurements of biochemical parameters were conducted in individuals 45 years old or above,using the two-stage cluster sampling method.Risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis were evaluated according to the criteria for the classification of RA by the American College of Rheumatology and European League Against Rheumatism(ACR/EULAR) (2010).Results Among the 8 610 residents covered by the survey,8,274 people responded,representing a response rate of 96.1％.There were 3 361 male (40.62％)and 4 913 female(59.38％)respondents,with an average age of 61.4±7.4(45-91)years.The age group of 60-64 years had the highest rates of joint involvement,with those scoring 2,3 and 5 points at 2.90％,2.02％ and 0.26％,respectively.The rheumatoid factor (RF)and the anti-cycliccitrullinatedpeptide(anti-CCP)antibody titer showed skewed distributions.The low titer-positive rate of RF and anti-CCP antibody,the ESR and CRP in female residents were evidently higher than in male residents(each P＜0.05).Smoking was an independent factor for RA(OR:1.79,95 ％CI:1.34～ 3.41,P＜0.01).The risk for RA occurrence increased with the frequency of drinking ＞1 time/d(OR:6.71,95 ％ CI:0.88 ～ 51.23,P＜ 0.01).The prevalence of RA was significantly higher in rural areas than in urban and suburb areas(0.93％ to 0.48％ and 0.53％,each P＜0.05).Living on higher floors was a protective factor for RA (OR:0.61,95 ％ CI:0.36 ～ 0.94,P =0.036).Family history was an independent risk factor for RA (OR:3.09,95 ％ CI:1.53 ～ 6.27,P ＜ 0.01),and being first degree relatives of RA patients was a risk factor(OR=6.45,95 ％ CI:1.67～ 17.83,P＜0.01).Multiple factor analysis showed that female gender,first floor of residential buildings,smoking and genetics were key risk factors for RA.Conclusions The risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis in middle-aged and elderly residents in Luohe City of Henan Province are female gender,smoking and genetics.
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Objective To investigate the mechanism of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF)-α inhibiting osteo blastdifferentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis in the mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus (MRL/lpr). Methods The femurs of MRL / lpr and C3He/HeJ mice were isolated, the bone structure were examined by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The proteins of TNF-α, NF-κB P50, bone morphogenetic protein -2 (BMP-2) and PSmad1/5/8 were measured by immunohistochemical stain. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) were isolated. After BMMSCs grew on the cover slips, the proteins on top of it were evaluated by immunohistochemistry stain. Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining was employed for the measurement of the early osteogenic differentiation. BMMSCs together with hydroxyapatite were embedded subcutaneously in the nude mice and eight weeks later, the ectopic bone formation was evaluated. The recombinant human tumor necrosis factor receptor type Ⅱantibody fusion protein (etanercept) or normal saline was subcutaneous injected to the mice with lupus. After four weeks, the expression of these proteins was observed and the ectopic bone formation was investigated. Image-Pro plus 6.0 software was employed for imagine analysis, and Studentˊs t-test was used to test the differences between 2 independent groups. Results MRL/lpr mice showed decreased volume of cortex and the percentage of cortex to the volume of bone of MRL/lpr mice was significantly lower compared to control groups and with C3He/HeJ mice (13.96±0.25 vs 23.61±0.71, n=3, P0.05). The expressions of TNF-α and NF-κB P50 in BMMSCs of MRL/lprl mice were higher than those of the C3He/HeJ (0.184±0.021 vs 0.136±0.013, 0.132±0.021 vs 0.097± 0.014, n=3, P0.05). The ectopic bone formation of BMMSCs of the etanercept injected MRL/lpr mice was higher than that of the normal saline injected mice, however, it was lower than that of the C3He/HeJ mice. Conclusion TNF-α inhibits osteoblast differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by depressing Smad signaling which may contribute to the osteoporosis of the lupus mice.
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Objective To discuss the mechanism of obesity related glomerularpathology,we detect the expression of Podocin in glomerular podocytes of obesity rats induced by high fat diet.Methods The rats were divided into 2 groups:normal control group(Con group) and obesity group(Ob group).At the 14th week of molding,the body weight,body long,tail long,kidney weight,uria microalbumin,RBP,uria Cre,blood glucose,cholesterol,triglyceride,HDL-C,UA,Cre,BUN,and insulin were measured.The Lee's index,insulin resistance index,insulin sensitive index,Ccr and relative kidney weight were calculated.The tissue structures of the kidney of both groups were studied under light microscope and transmission electro microscope.The expression of Podocin in podocyte of rats' kidney was measured by immunohistochemistry and western blot.Results ①The difference had no statistical significance between the 2 groups in gender,weight,body length,tail length and Lee's index at the beginning (P ＞ 0.05).But after 14 weeks,the weight,body length and Lee's index of Ob group were significantly higher than those of Con group(P ＜0.05).②At the 14th week,the fasting plasma glucose of Ob group was higher than that of Con group (P ＜ 0.05),and the high density lipoproteins (HDL) of Ob group was lower than that of Con group(P ＜ 0.05).However,the difference had no statistical significance in urine acid (UA),serum Cre and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) between the 2 groups (P ＞ 0.05).③The urine protein and endogenous creatinine clearance rate(Ccr) in Ob group were higher than those of Con group (P ＜ 0.05,P ＜0.01).④The relative kidney weight of Ob group was lower than that of Con group(P ＜ 0.05).⑤For rats in Ob group,glomerular hypertrophy,the Bowman' capsule stricture,abnormality in the segmental capillary wall and extraglomerular mesangial cell were observed under light microscope.The glomerular podocytes became broader and foot process of podocyte in Ob group became microvillus-like in Ob group under transmission electro microscope.⑥Immunohistochemistry and western blot showed that the expression of Podocin in podocyte of kidney decreased in Ob group.Conclusions The expression of Podocin decreased in podocyte of kidney in obesity rats.At the same time,the ultrastructure of podocytes was changed.Those may be one of the reasons for protein urine related to obesity.