ABSTRACT
La falta de cumplimiento con la terapia farmacológica es un hecho recurrente y un problema global que impide que la morbimortalidad asociada a enfermedades crónicas pueda ser evitada. Describir el cumplimiento de la farmacoterapia en pacientes crónicos, que asisten a dos centros asistenciales de salud de la ciudad de Horqueta, una zona rural al norte de Paraguay. Es un estudio observacional, descriptivo, prospectivo y transversal de pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2, Hipertensión y Dislipidémicos, con muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, utilizando el Test de Morisky-Green para determinar el cumplimiento al tratamiento farmacológico. Los principales resultados obtenidos fueron 63,2% mujeres; 70,6% con estudio primario concluido; 72,1 % con pareja estable, el 63,2% amas de casa y el 55,9% residentes en las áreas rurales, cercanas a ambos centros asistenciales. Los problemas de salud predominantes fueron, diabetes con hipertensión 38,2% y la hipertensión, 30,9 %. La media del tiempo de evolución de la enfermedad para los pacientes con diabetes e hipertensión fue de 10,4 años, y para los pacientes con hipertensión de 11,5 años. El 55,9%, demostró incumplimiento con la terapia. Los pacientes más cumplidores son los que tienen más de 20 años de tratamiento para su enfermedad, representado por el 81,8 %. El 55,9% no cumplen con la terapia. En el 71,1% de los casos la causa principal del no cumplimiento de la farmacoterapia fue el olvido.
The lack of compliance with drug therapy is a recurring fact and a global problem that prevents the morbidity and mortality associated with chronic diseases can be avoided. Describe the fulfillment of pharmacotherapy in chronic patients, who attend two health care centers in the city of Horqueta, a rural area in northern Paraguay. It is an observational, descriptive, prospective and cross-sectional study of patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension and Dyslipidemic, with non-probabilistic sampling for convenience, using the Morisky-Green Test to determine compliance with pharmacological treatment. The main results obtained were 63.2% women; 70.6% with primary study completed; 72.1% with a stable partner, 63.2% housewives and 55.9% residents in rural areas, close to both care centers. The predominant health problems were, diabetes with hypertension 38.2% and hypertension, 30.9%. The mean time to disease progression for patients with diabetes and hypertension was 10.4 years, and for patients with hypertension of 11.5 years. 55.9% showed non-compliance with the therapy. The most compliant patients are those who have more than 20 years of treatment for their disease, represented by 81.8%. 55.9% do not comply with the therapy. In 71.1% of cases, the main cause of noncompliance with pharmacotherapy was forgetfulness.
Subject(s)
Chronic Disease , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2ABSTRACT
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) can be detected in blood and other bodily fluids, such as saliva, semen and gastric juices. The aim of this study was to compare the HCV viral loads in the serum and saliva of infected patients. Twenty-nine patients with detectable HCV RNA in their serum and saliva were included in this study. The HCV viral loads were determined through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions. The median viral RNA levels were 5.78 log10 copies in the serum and 3.32 log10 copies in the saliva. We observed that the salivary HCV viral load was significantly lower than the viral load in the serum. Further studies are required to understand the role of saliva in the diagnosis, management and potential transmission of HCV.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Hepacivirus/isolation & purification , Hepatitis C, Chronic/virology , Saliva/virology , Serum/virology , Case-Control Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Genotype , Hepatitis C, Chronic/blood , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , RNA, Viral/analysis , Viral LoadABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Analisar a evolução, características clínico-epidemiológicas e fatores de gravidade em pacientes adultos admitidos com diagnóstico de infecção por vírus A(H1N1) em unidades de terapia intensiva públicas e privadas no Estado do Paraná, sul do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Estudo coorte de análise de prontuários de pacientes com idade superior a 12 anos admitidos em 11 unidades de terapia intensiva de 6 cidades no Estado do Paraná (Brasil), durante um período de 45 dias, com diagnóstico de gripe suína. O diagnóstico de infecção por vírus A(H1N1) foi feito através de real time -polimerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) da secreção nasofaríngea, ou de forte suspeita clínica quando descartadas outras causas (mesmo com RT-PCR negativo). Foi feita estatística descritiva e análise com teste chi quadrado, para comparação entre porcentagens e teste t de student para variáveis continuas, com análise univariada, admitindo-se como significante um p<0,05. RESULTADOS: Foram admitidos 63 pacientes adultos com diagnóstico de H1N1, sendo 37 (58,7 por cento) RT-PCR positivos. A maioria dos pacientes era de adultos jovens (65 por cento com idade inferior a 40 anos), sem predominância de sexo e alta incidência de obesidade (27,0 por cento com índice de massa corpórea>30). A média do escore Acute Physiologic Chronic Heatlh Evaluation II (APACHE II) foi de 15,0 ± 8,1. A mortalidade na unidade de terapia intensiva foi de 39,7 por cento. Os principais fatores associados a essa mortalidade foram exame positivo no teste RT-PCR, níveis baixos de relação PaO2/FiO2 inicial, níveis elevados de uréia e desidrogenase lática iniciais, nível de pressão expiratória final positiva necessária, necessidade de posição prona e de drogas vasopressoras. CONCLUSÕES: Pacientes admitidos em unidades de terapia intensiva com infecção por vírus A(H1N1) apresentaram alto risco de óbito, particularmente devidos ao comprometimento respiratório. O exame RT-PCR positivo, níveis de uréia e de desidrogenase ...
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze outcome, clinical and epidemiological characteristics and severity factors in adult patients admitted with a diagnosis of infection by virus A (H1N1) to public and private intensive care units, in Paraná, Brazil. METHODS: Cohort study of medical charts of patients older than 12 years admitted to 11 intensive care units in 6 cities in the state of Parana, Brazil, during a period of 45 days, with diagnosis of swine influenza. The diagnosis of infection with A (H1N1) was made by real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of nasopharyngeal secretion, or strong clinical suspicion when other causes had been ruled out (even with negative RT-PCR). Descriptive statistics were performed, analysis by the Chi square test was used to compare percentages and the Student's t test for continuous variables with univariate analysis, assuming a significance level of p <0.05. RESULTS: There were 63 adult patients admitted with a diagnosis of H1N1, 37 (58.7 percent) being RT-PCR positive. Most patients were young adults (65 percent under 40 years of age) with no gender predominance and high incidence of obesity (27.0 percent with Body Mass Index > 30). Mean of the Acute Physiologic Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score was 15.0 + 8.1. Mortality in the intensive care unit was 39.7 percent. The main factors associated with mortality were: positive RT-PCR, low levels of initial PaO2/FiO2, high initial levels of urea and lactate dehydrogenase, required level of positive end expiratory pressure, need for the prone position and vasopressors. CONCLUSIONS: Adult patients with A (H1N1) virus infection admitted to intensive care units had a high risk of death, particularly due to respiratory impairment. Positive RT-PCR, urea and lactic dehydrogenase, low initial PaO2/FiO2 and high levels of PEEP were correlated with higher mortality.
ABSTRACT
A new multiplex assay platform was evaluated to detect Trypanosoma cruzi infection using the recombinant antigensCRA, FRA, CRAFRA fusion and parasite lysate. The antigens presented different sensitivity and specificity in a singleplex test when compared to a serial dilution of two pools comprising 10 positive serum samples and one pool of 10 negative samples. The recombinant protein CRA presented lower sensitivity (55%) in contrast to the 100% specificity and sensitivity of FRA, CRAFRA and T. cruzi lysate. These antigens also showed good results in a duplex test and the duplex test with CRAFRA/T. cruzi lysate showed better performance with 100% specificity and sensitivity, as well as a lower cut-off value in comparison to the other duplex test, FRA/T. cruzi lysate. Hence, when the antigens were used in duplex format, both tests showed decreased cut-off values and no interference between different bead sets, resulting in increasing sensitivity and specificity. The results of these multiplex tests show that they could be an alternative to singleplex detection for Chagas disease, and also indicate the necessity of using multiplex diagnostic tools to increase the sensitivity and specificity for diagnostic tests. Emerging data from the T. cruzi genome and from its ORFeome project will also allow the identification of new antigens for this disease detection application.
Subject(s)
Humans , Antigens, Protozoan , Chagas Disease/diagnosis , Immunoassay/methods , Case-Control Studies , Microspheres , Reproducibility of Results , Recombinant Proteins , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
Our objective is to report a case of a patient with necrosis limited to the pre-peritoneal fascia and fat tissue of the abdomen and pelvis. A 34-year-old female presented with fever, chills, nausea, diarrhea and abdominal pain. She denies history of trauma, diabetes mellitus, use of immunosuppressive drugs, smoking, and drug dependence. Laboratory tests revealed hematocrit of 28.7 por cento, white blood count of 12.200/mmÝ with 49 por cento of bands, platelets of 317.000/mmÝ, and sedimentation rate of 65 mm/hr. She was subjected to an abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography that showed hepatosplenomegaly and muscular thichening on the left flank. Surgical debridment was performed. There was necrosis limited to the pre-peritoneal fascia and fat tissue extending from the pelvis to the left flank. The fascia of the superficial muscles and the subcutaneous fat were normal. The pathologic examination showed suppuration and necrosis of the tissues. Antibiotics were administered and ten debridments were performed. The patient was discharged 30 days after the admission
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Debridement , Fasciitis, Necrotizing/diagnosis , Fasciitis, Necrotizing/therapy , Bacterial Infections/complicationsABSTRACT
O aneurisma anastomótico de aorta é pouco freqüente, sendo o seu diagnóstico difícil, em muitos casos, pela total falta de manifestaçöes clínicas. As complicaçöes hemorrágicas desses aneurismas säo muito graves, sendo imperioso portanto denunciá-los, enquanto assintomático. No Hospital da Lagoa, de 1970 a 1984, 22 aneurismas anastomóticos em 20 pacientes foram operados, sendo 18 na anastomose femoral, 3 na aórtica e 1 na poplítea. Um dos aneurismas aórticos decorreu de infecçäo, e outros tiveram como causa mais evidente o esgarçamento da sutura de um enxerto woven num deles e a má qualidade da parede arterial no outro. O aparecimento foi tardio nos três aneurismas, mesmo para aquele decorrente de infecçäo, que constituiu-se somente 5 anos após a cirurgia. Para os outros dois, o tempo foi respectivamente de 11 e 12 anos. Nos 2 aneurismas näo infectados, ocorreram aneurismas anastomóticos nas duas regiöes femorais. O tratamento para os näo infectados constituiu-se na interposiçäo de um novo enxerto entre a aorta e o antigo enxerto, elegendo-se um local mais próximo e mais sadio para a anastomose. No aneurisma infectado, após remoçäo do enxerto, e ligadura da aorta, a viabilidade dos membros inferiores foi mantida por enxerto axilo-poplíteo bilateral e 6 meses após, como soluçäo definitiva, foi realizado um "bypass" de aorta abdominal supra-celíaca para a femoral profunda esquerda e um enxerto cruzado para a femoral profunda direita. Nos 3 casos de aneurisma anastomótico de aorta a cirurgia inicial foi realizada em outro hospital