Validated spectrophtometric method for simultaneous determination of buprenorphine and naloxone in pharmaceutical dosage forms

Buprenorphine is a partial mu agonist and kappa antagonist which is used for the treatment of pain and opioid addiction. A mixture of buprenorphine hydrochloride and naloxone hydrochloride has been approved for the treatment of opioid dependence. In this study a third order derivative spectrophotometric method based on zero-crossing technique has been used for the simultaneous determination of buprenorphine hydrochloride and naloxone hydrochloride in tablets. The measurements were carried out at wavelengths of 257.8 [zero-crossing point of naloxone hydrochloride] and 252.2 nm [zero-crossing point of buprenorphice hydrochloride] for buprenorphine hydrochloride and naloxone hydrochloride, respectively in the third order derivative spectra obtained in methanol and 0.1 M NaOH [50:50] as solvent. The method was found to be linear in the range of 20-80 micro g/mL for buprenorphine hydrochloride and 5-20 micro g/mL for naloxone hydrochloride. The within-day and between-day coefficient of variation and error values were less than 2.5% and 1.8%, respectively. The proposed method was successfully used for simultaneous determination of these drugs in pharmaceutical dosage form without any interference from excipients or need to prior separation before analysis

Development of a rapid derivative spectrophotometric method for simultaneous determination of acetaminophen, diphenhydramine and pseudoephedrine in tablets

A mixture of acetaminophen, diphenhydramine hydrochloride and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride is used for the symptomatic treatment of common cold. In this study, a derivative spectrophotometric method based on zero-crossing technique was proposed for simultaneous determination of acetaminophen, diphenhydramine hydrochloride and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride. Determination of these drugs was performed using the [1]D value of acetaminophen at 281.5 nm, [2]D value of diphenhydramine hydrochloride at 226.0 nm and [4]D value of pseudoephedrine hydrochloride at 218.0 nm. The analysis method was linear over the range of 5-50, 0.25-4, and 0.5-5 microg/mL for acetaminophen, diphenhydramine hydrochloride and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, respectively. The within-day and between-day CV and error values for all three compounds were within an acceptable range [CV<2.2% and error<3%]. The developed method was used for simultaneous determination of these drugs in pharmaceutical dosage forms and no interference from excipients was observed

Validated spectrophtometric method for determination of tamsulosin in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms

In this study a sensitive, simple and accurate spectrophotometric method was suggested for determination of tamsulosin in bulk powder and pharmaceutical dosage form based on the formation of an ion-pair complex between the drug and bromocresol green in a buffer solution at pH 3.5. The formed yellow color complex was extracted with chloroform and measured at 415 nm. The optimum reaction conditions such as pH, reagent amount, extracting solvent and the stoichiometry of the ion-pair complex were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, the Beer's law was obeyed in the concentration range of 1-160 mg/mL with acceptable correlation coefficient [r2 > 0.9997] and precision [CV < 3%] and accuracy [error < 2%]. The proposed method was successfully used for the determination of tamsulosin in pharmaceutical capsule with no-significant interferences of excipients

Validating a stability indicating HPLC method for kinetic study of cetirizine degradation in acidic and oxidative conditions

A stability indicating High-Performance Liquid Chromatography [HPLC] method was validated and used to study the degradation of cetirizine dihydrochloride in acidic and oxidative conditions. The separation was carried out on a Symmetry C18 column and a mixture of 50 mM KH[2]PO[4] and acetonitrile [60:40 v/v, pH = 3.5] was used as the mobile phase. The method was linear over the range of 1-20 micro g/mL of cetirizine dihydrochloride [r[2] > 0.999] and the within-day and between-day precision values were less than 1.5%. The results showed that cetirizine dihydrochloride was unstable in 2 M HCl and 0.5% H[2]O[2]. The kinetics of the acidic degradation showed a pseudo-first-order reaction in the temperature range of 70-90[degree sign]C. In addition, the kinetics of hydrogen peroxide mediated degradation was pseudo-first-order in the temperature range of 50-80[degree sign]C

Evaluation of effectiveness of ethanolic extract of Artemisia aucheri, individually and in combination with chloroquine, on chloroquine - sensitive strain of Plasmodium berghei in sourian mice

Drug resistance in malaria parasites is extending in the world particularly in chemical synthesized drugs such as 4- aminoquinolines and aminoalcoholes. Employing herbal extracts is encouraged by WHO in the malarious areas. In this study, the effectiveness of ethanolic extract of Artemisia aucheri individually and in combination with chloroquine, has been considered against chloroquine - sensitive strain of Plasmodium berghei. At the first stage, ED50 of A. aucheri and chloroquine on P. berghei was calculated using in vivo test. Then based on the ED50s combination of A. aucheri and chloroquine with ratios of 0/100, 10/90, 20/80, 30/70, 40/60, 50/50, 60/40, 70/30, 80/20, 90/10 and 100/0 were tested against the parasite. For evaluating the adverse effect of A. aucheri on the mice, for two weeks 1000mg/kg of the extract was daily employed and the mice were followed up for fifty days. ED50s for chloroquine and A. aucheri were 1.6mg/kg and 1000mg/kg respectively. The outcome of two drugs combination on the mice showed antagonistic effects on the chloroquine - sensitive strain of parasite. Two weeks daily administration of A. aucheri had no toxic effect on the mice. A. aucheri individually can be effective in reducing the parasite while in combination with chloroquine loses its property

effect of otostegia persica in combination with chloroquine on chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant strains of plasmodium berghei using in-vivo fixed ratios method

Malaria is one of the worldwide parasitic diseases which threaten the life of hundreds of millions of people at the malarious areas each year. The emergence of chloroquine-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum in most of the malarious areas has encountered the relevant countries with some difficulties about treating the acute cases of the disease particulary if the monotherapy regimen has been used. Because of many advantages for the combination therapy, the effectiveness of chloroquine [CQ] and Otostegia persica [OP], a medicinal plant in combination form, was tested against the chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant strains of Plasmodium berghei in sourian mouse using in-vivo adapted fixed ratios method in this study. At the first step, ED[50]s [50% effective dose] of chloroquine and O. persica against both CQ-sensitive and CQ-resistant strains of P. berghei were calculated using in-vivo test in the mice. Ratios of 0, 10, 30, 50, 70, 90 and100% from each ED[50] were prepared and contrarily combined together to make the following fixed ratios of 0/100, 10/90, 30/70, 50/50, 70/30, 90/10, and 100/0 of CQ/OP and the parasites were exposed to the combined ratios. Determination of ED[50]s showed 1.1 mg/Kg and 2.4 mg/Kg of mouse body weight for chloroquine in CQ-sensitive and CQ-resistant strains respectively and 450 mg/Kg for O. persica in both strains. The results also showed that the combinations of "50% CQ + 50% OP", "30% CQ + 70% O.P" and "70% CQ + 30% OP" were more effective than other combinations against CQ-sensitive strain. The fixed ratio combinations of chloroquine and O. persica showed an additive in CQ-resistant strain. Toxicity consideration showed no toxic effect of the combinations on the mice. Otostegia persica potentiated the effectiveness of chloroquine against the chloroquine-sensitive strain of P. berghei but not on chloroquine-resistant P. berghei. Moreover, the greatly modified fixed ratios method in this study can be considered as useful methods for in-vivo combination tests in murine malaria parasites

Antioxidative activity of sixty plants from Iran

Antioxidants are vital substances which possess the ability to protect the body from damage caused by free radical-induced oxidative stress. A variety of free radical scavenging antioxidants exists within the body which many of them are derived from dietary sources like fruits, vegetables and teas. This article describes a test method for screening the antioxidant activity of 60 Iranian plants of Iran by linoleic acid peroxidation test using 1, 3-diethyl-2-thiobarbituric acid as the reagent. Some plants including Achillea wilhelmsii, Berberis crataegina, Buxus hyrcana, Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium, Colutea persica, Hyoscyamus niger, Mentha pulegium, Nerium oleander, Pteropyrum aucheri, Rhus coriaria, Rosa canina, Scutellaria pinnatifida, Thymus pubescens, Verbascum alceoides and Ziziphora clinopodioides subsp. rigida showed antioxidant activity [0.41