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1.
Rev. argent. cir ; 113(1): 56-61, abr. 2021. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1288174

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Antecedentes: se define como íleo biliar (IB) la obstrucción mecánica del tubo digestivo por la presencia de uno o más litos biliares. La fisiopatogenia responde a una fístula colecistoduodenal. Material y métodos: estudio descriptivo- retrospectivo entre diciembre de 2017 y enero de 2020 que incluyó 5 casos de IB. Se analizaron: sexo, edad, presentación clínica, utilidad de tomografía computarizada (TC), abordaje y conducta quirúrgica, cirujano actuante, localización de obstrucción, tamaño del lito y mortalidad. Resultados: analizamos 5 pacientes con IB y edad promedio de 66 años. En 4 objetivamos abdomen oclusivo y en uno perforativo. En todos los pacientes se realizó tomografía y el abordaje fue la laparotomía. Se optó por enterolitotomía en 4 y resección intestinal en uno. Hubo un deceso. Conclusión: el IB es un cuadro poco frecuente e insospechado, que predomina en mujeres. La tomografía es el estudio de referencia (gold standard). Factores inherentes al paciente y al equipo tratante determinan el abordaje y la conducta quirúrgica.


ABSTRACT Background: Gallstone ileus is defined as a mechanical obstruction due to impaction of one or more gallstones within the gastrointestinal tract. The pathogenesis is due to the presence of a cholecystoduodenal fistula. Material and methods: We conducted a descriptive and retrospective study of five cases of gallbladder ileus between December 2017 and January 2020. Sex, age, clinical presentation, usefulness of computed tomography scan, surgical approach and treatment, surgeon, site of obstruction, gallstone size and mortality were analyzed. Results: A total of five patients were included; mean age was 66 years. Four patients presented bowel obstruction and one patient had bowel perforation. All the patients underwent computed tomography scan and laparotomy. Enterolithotomy was performed in four patients and one patient underwent bowel resection. One patient died. Conclusion: Gallstone ileus is a rare condition more likely to affect women. Computed tomography scan is the gold standard method for the diagnosis. The surgical approach and strategy will depend on patient-related factors and on the experience of the surgical team.

4.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-195867

ABSTRACT

In India, an unexplained enteropathy is present in a majority of non-cirrhotic intrahepatic portal hypertension (NCIPH) patients. Small intestinal bacterial contamination and tropical enteropathy could trigger inflammatory stimuli and activate the endothelium in the portal venous system. Groundwater contaminated with arsenic is an environmental factor of epidemic proportions in large areas of India which has similar consequences. Von Willebrand factor (a sticky protein) expressed by activated endothelium may promote formation of platelet microthrombi and occlusion of intrahepatic portal vein branches leading to NCIPH. Environmental factors linked to suboptimal hygiene and sanitation, which enter through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, predispose to platelet plugging onto activated endothelium in portal microcirculation. Thus, NCIPH, an example of poverty linked thrombophilia, is a disease mainly affecting the lower socio-economic strata of Indian population. Public health measures to improve sanitation, provide clean drinking water and eliminate arsenic contamination of drinking water are urgently needed. Till such time as these environmental factors are addressed, NCIPH is likely to remain 'an Indian disease'.

5.
Rev. chil. urol ; 83(1): 38-43, 2018. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-905567

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: La litiasis urinaria es una patología frecuente, que afecta principalmente a adultos en edad productiva, y que en el último tiempo ha presentado un aumento en la incidencia global. Cerca del 80 % de los cálculos se componen mayoritariamente de calcio. Existe controversia en la literatura sobre el rol que podría tener el consumo de aguas con altos índices de dureza y el riesgo de padecer litiasis. El objetivo de este estudio es identificar una posible asociación entre dureza de agua para consumos e incidencia de litiasis urinaria en la poblacion de Maipú. MATERIALES Y METODOS: Se incluyen en el estudio todos los pacientes atendidos por urólogos en forma ambulatoria electiva en el Hospital El Carmen de Maipú, por diagnóstico de litiasis urinaria, en los años 2015 y 2016, que residen en la comuna. Se georreferenciaron de acuerdo a sus direcciones en los distintos sectores de distribución de agua potable.Se realizó análisis fisicoquímico de muestras de agua extraídas de cada sector para determinar su dureza. Se estudiaron a través del índice de correlación de Pearson las posibles asociaciones entre dureza del agua e incidencia de litiasis. RESULTADOS: La dureza promedio del agua de Maipú es de 484 mg/L de CaCO3, valor que se encuentra por sobre el promedio regional y nacional. La incidencia anual de litiasis en la poblacion estudiada fue de 4,4 casos/10.000 habitantes, valor similar al promedio nacional. El índice de correlación de Pearson entre dureza de agua e incidencia anual fue de -0,51. CONCLUSIONES: No fue posible establecer una relación causal entre dureza de agua e incidencia de litiasis en la población estudiada. Se sugiere avanzar en esta misma línea con estudios futuros de casos y controles.AU


INTRODUCTION: Urinary lithiasis is a frequent pathology, which mainly affects adults in a productive age, and which-in recent times- has increased in terms of global incidence. About 80 % of the stones are composed mainly of calcium.There is controversy in literature addressing the possible relation amongst water consumption with high hardnessindexes and the risk of lithiasis. The objective of this study is to identify a possible association between water hardnessfor consumption and urinary lithiasis incidence in the Maipu population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All patients assisted by urologists on an elective ambulatory basis, at the El Carmen Hospital in Maipú, diagnosed with urinary lithiasis, in the years 2015 and 2016, and who reside in the Borough have been included in the study. They were georeferenced according to their address in the different drinking water distribution areas. Physiochemical analysis of water samples extracted from each sector was carried out to determine its hardness. The possible associations between hardness of water and incidence of lithiasis were studied through the Pearson correlation index. RESULTS: The average water hardness in Maipu is 484 mg / L of CaCO3, a value that is above the regional and national average. The annual incidence of lithiasis in the studied population was 4.4 cases / 10,000 inhabitants, a value that is similar to the national average. The Pearson correlation index between water hardness and annual incidence was -0.51. CONCLUSIONS: It was not possible to establish a causal relation between water hardness and incidence of lithiasis in the studied population. It is suggested to advance in this same line with future case and control studies.


Subject(s)
Humans , Urolithiasis , Kidney Calculi , Water Hardness
6.
Br J Med Med Res ; 2015; 6(12): 1177-1185
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-180245

ABSTRACT

This article reviews the current state of scientific information on the relationship between the deterioration of spatial memory and the role of the masticatory function, both of which are primarily examined during the aging process. The article broadly examines the current notions regarding neuroscientific processing mechanisms of spatial memory. Additionally, some variables that produce alterations in hippocampal function during aging are presented here. Finally, the role that mastication fulfills as an emerging physiological mechanism of cognitive impairment compensation is discussed. This article concludes that, despite the recent progress in understanding the concepts presented in this article, evidence suggests that there are still many questions to be answered. These questions are sustaining the growing interest in the field of neuroscience in examining the underlying mechanisms of the intricate process of spatial orientation and their relation to masticatory function in aged organisms.

7.
Rev. chil. urol ; 78(2): 57-60, ago. 2013. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-774057

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El Cáncer de Próstata (CaP) es uno de los principales problemas de salud en los países desarrollados. El CaP diagnosticado después de la cirugía prostática por patología benigna, se denomina incidental y oscila entre 4 por ciento y 15 por ciento. Corresponde al estadio T1a y T1b según clasificación TNM. Objetivos: Describir las características clínicas e histológicas y el manejo del Cáncer de próstata T1a y T1b diagnosticados en nuestro servicio. Material y Método: Análisis descriptivo retrospectivo de 2835 pacientes con adenoma prostático entre el año 2002 y 2012, cuyas biopsias post-cirugía fueron positivas para cáncer (63 pacientes). El análisis estadístico se realiza con test de Fisher, T-test y X2. Resultados: La edad promedio fue 72 años. PSA promedio fue 10,6 ng/dl, siendo el 50 por ciento de tamaño grado 3-4. En promedio el volumen prostático fue 79gr con un tamaño tumoral de 5,5gr y compromiso tumoral del 40 por ciento (T1a 7 por ciento y T1b 93 por ciento). 75 por ciento presento Gleason 5-7. El número de focos (+) fue mayoritariamente 1 o 2 (89 por ciento). Presentó márgenes (+) un 23 por ciento. El tratamiento posterior fue principalmente hormonoterapia (39 por ciento). Al comparar PSA, Gleason y tacto rectal entre sí y con las otras variables no se encontraron diferencias estadísticas significativas. Conclusiones: Los tumores T1a-T1b en nuestro servicio equivalen al 2,2 por ciento, menor a otras series publicadas. El no existir asociación estadística entre las variables lo atribuimos a un bajo “n” muestral. El cáncer incidental de próstata no es frecuente y la adecuada selección de los pacientes sometidos a biopsias, disminuye su incidencia.


Introduction: Prostate cancer (PCa) is a major health problem in developed countries. The PCa diagnosed after surgery for benign prostate, called incidental and ranges between 4 percent and 15 percent. Corresponds to stage T1a and T1b as TNM classification. Objectives: To describe the clinical and histological features and management of prostate cancer diagnosed in T1a and T1b our service. Methods: retrospective analysis of 2835 patients with prostatic adenoma between 2002 and 2012, whose post-surgery biopsies were positive for cancer (63 patients). Statistical analysis was performed with Fisher test, T-test and X2.Results: Mean age was 72 years. Average PSA was 10.6 ng / dl, with 50 percent grade 3-4. On average prostate volume was 79gr with a tumor size of 5.5 g and 40 percent tumor involvement (T1a 7 percent and T1b 93 percent). 75 percent showed Gleason 5-7. The number of foci (+) was mostly 1 or 2 (89 percent). Presented margins (+) 23 percent. The subsequent treatment was primarily hormonotherapy (39 percent). Comparing PSA, Gleason and DRE among themselves and with the other variables were not statistically different. Conclusions: T1a-T1b tumors in our service equal to 2.2 percent, lower than other published series. The absence of statistical association between the variables we attribute to a low “n” sample. Incidental prostate cancer is not a common and appropriate selection of patients undergoing biopsy, reduces its incidence.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Prostatic Neoplasms/epidemiology , Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Incidental Findings , Prostatic Hyperplasia/pathology , Prostatic Neoplasms/surgery
8.
Rev. chil. urol ; 78(4): 32-35, ago. 2013. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-774912

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: El cáncer de próstata es la segunda neoplasia más frecuente en el hombre y la biopsia prostática transrectal es el procedimiento diagnóstico confirmatorio. El objetivo de este trabajo es comparar la relación del Score de Gleason (S.G.) por biopsia y el obtenido por Prostatectomía Radical, en pacientes del HBLT. MATERIALES Y MÉTODO: Estudio observacional retrospectivo de corte transversal. Se seleccionaron biopsias de Prostatectomía Radical realizadas entre abril de 2002 y abril de 2012, con diagnóstico previo de cáncer de próstata en biopsias por punción transrectal. Se consideró concordante a muestras que presentaran igual S.G. y proporción de patrón histológico. Se confeccionaron tablas de contingencia, analizándose en programa estadístico SPSS v.17.0, RESULTADOS: 248 casos en total. Concordancia de diagnóstico anatomo-patológico: 49.4 por ciento, subgraduación: 33,6 por ciento, sobregraduación: 17 popr ciento. En biopsias por punción los S.G. predominantes fueron: 6(3+3) (60 por ciento) y 7(3+4) (8.5 por ciento). En pieza quirúrgica los S.G. fueron: 6(3+3) (49.4 por ciento) y 7(3+4) (17.8 por ciento). Concordancia con pieza quirúrgica en S.G. menor a 8: 56,8 por ciento, concordancia en S.G. mayor a 8: 12,2 por ciento (p<0,05). De las muestras subgraduadas en que la pieza quirúrgica informó S.G. 9 o 10 (n=12). CONCLUSIONES: Esta serie reporta 49,4 por ciento de concordancia exacta de S.G. y patrón histológico. La frecuencia de patrones predominantes en biopsia por punción y pieza quirúrgica fueron similares. Existe diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre la concordancia post cirugía en S.G. bajo 8 y sobre 8. Los resultados son concordantes con las series publicadas.


BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men and transrectal prostate biopsy is the confirmatory procedure. The aim of this study is to compare the relationship of Gleason score (G.S.) and biopsy obtained by radical prostatectomy in patients at HBLT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational retrospective cross-sectional study. Biopsies were selected after radical prostatectomy performed between April 2002 and April 2012, with a previous diagnosis of prostate cancer at transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy. Samples were considered consistent to submit the same G.S. histologic pattern and proportion. Contingency tables were compiled, analyzed in SPSS v.17.0, RESULTS: n=248. Concordance in pathological diagnosis: 49.4 percent, low G.S. graduation: 33.6 percent, high G.S. graduation: 17 percent. In the G.S. needle biopsies were predominant: 6 (3 +3) (60 percent) and 7 (3 +4) (8.5 percent. In the surgical specimen G.S. were: 6 (3 +3) (49.4 percent) and 7 (3 +4) (17.8 percent). Surgical specimen concordante with G.S less than 8: 56.8 percent concordance; G.S. over 8: 12.2 percent (p <0.05). low G.S. graduation samples in which the surgical specimen reported G.S. 9 or 10 = 12. CONCLUSIONS: This series reports 49.4 percent G.S concordance considering histological pattern. The predominant G.S. patterns in needle biopsy and surgical specimen were similar. There is statistically significant difference between the correlation of G.S. post-surgery under 8 and 8. The results are consistent with the published series.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Biopsy, Needle , Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology , Prostatectomy/methods , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prostatic Neoplasms/surgery , Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis
9.
Acta paul. enferm ; 26(3): 226-230, 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-681812

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar as medidas de pressão arterial comparando o método tradicional e o padrão-ouro em um serviço público de pronto atendimento. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal no qual as medidas das pressões arteriais sistólica, diastólica, média e de pulso aferidas pelos profissionais da enfermagem pelo método tradicional foram comparadas com aquelas realizadas de acordo com o padrão-ouro. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos 229 clientes, 69% do sexo feminino e a média de idade foi de 50 anos. A comparação entre os dois métodos mostrou que o valor médio das pressões sistólica, diastólica, média e de pulso foi maior utilizando-se a técnica padrão-ouro. CONCLUSÃO: Houve divergências entre as medidas realizadas pela técnica recomendada e pela classificação de risco.


OBJECTIVE: Evaluating arterial pressure measurements comparing the traditional and the gold standard methods in an emergency public service. METHODS: Cross-sectional study, in which arterial systolic, diastolic, mean and pulse pressure measurements obtained by nursing professionals by means of the traditional method were compared with those obtained using the gold standard technique. RESULTS: Study participants were 229 patients, 69% were women and the mean age was 50 years. The comparison between the two methods showed that the mean value of the arterial systolic, diastolic, mean and pulse pressures was higher using the gold standard technique. CONCLUSION: Divergences were found between the measurements obtained using the recommended technique and the risk classification.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Middle Aged , Nursing Assessment , Nursing Care , Blood Pressure Determination , Hypertension , Risk Assessment/classification , Nursing Evaluation Research , Arterial Pressure , Cross-Sectional Studies , Observational Studies as Topic
10.
Rev. chil. urol ; 69(2): 175-178, 2004.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-393977

ABSTRACT

Tras una revisión retrospectiva documental, describimos el caso de un paciente masculino de 69 años de edad que consultó por cuadro de hematuria el año 2000. Tras el estudio se indicó una RTU (Resección Transuretral) del tumor vesical, sin embargo, el paciente no acudió a sus controles. Dos años más tarde se evidencia un avance importante de la patología con un precario pronóstico para el paciente.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Urinary Bladder Neoplasms , Hematuria/diagnosis , Hematuria/etiology , Hematuria/pathology
11.
Pediatr. (Asunción) ; 27(1): 30-33, ene.-jun. 2000. tab, graf
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS, BDNPAR | ID: lil-294479

ABSTRACT

La diabetes mellitus (DM) es rara en el periodo neonatal, con una incidencia de 1/500.000 recién nacidos. Los síntomas de diabetes mellitus aparecen en las primeras 4 semanas de vida, requiriendo tratamiento con insulina. Reportamos el caso de un recién nacido de término, pequeño para la edad gestacional. Ingresa a UCIN a los 21 días de vida por deshidratación grave, desde su ingreso con glucemias de 300-600 mg porcientos, glucocetonuria leve, sin acidosis metábolica, con poliuria y pérdida de peso; sospecha de DMNT, datos analíticos de glucemia central de 505 mg porcientos, insulinemia de 4 UI/L, péptido C de 2,8 ng/ml y hb glucosilada de 6,34 porcientos. Se inicia tratamiento con insulina en infusión a 0.01 UI/kg/hora-0.08 UI/kg/hora obteniéndose adecuado control de la glucemia por 3 semanas, recibiendo luego insulina NPH (0,5-2 UL/día) hasta el cuarto mes de vida con remisión del cuadro. La etiopatogenia de la diabetes mellitus neonatal es desconocida y difiere de la insulino-dependiente tipo I por la capacidad de las células endocrinas del páncreas de racuperarse. Sin embargo pueden verse recidivas tardías a diabetes permanente por lo cual el seguimiento debe continuarse por periodos prolongados y en forma regular


Subject(s)
Diabetes, Gestational , Insulin
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