Genotyping of human giardiasis in relation to anti - giardia secretory IgA and mucosal histopathology

Comparative study between the prevalence of pathological grading and giardia [groups I and I] genotypes revealed that out of patients having giardia genotype I, the prevalence of grade 0 was 13.16%, grade I was 21.05%, grade II was 47.37%, grade III was 13.16% and grade IV was 2.26% in comparison with 0%, 30.77%, 46.15%, 7.69% and 15.38% in genotype II [13 patients]; 10%, 40%, 20%, 20% and 10% in group III [10 patients]; 25%, 43.75%, 18.75%, 6.25% and 6.25% in mixed genotype infections group [16 patients] as well as 25%, 25%, 35.71%, 10.71% and 3.57% in undetermined infection group [28 patients] for grade 0, I, II, III and IV pathology respectively. There was no statistically significant difference regarding the prevalence of pathological grading in different giardia genotypes in Groups I and II. The means of OD of anti-giardia secretory IgA in relation to giardia genotypes in patients infected with giardia Groups I and II were significantly different, where 1.091 +/- 0.377, 1.079 +/- 0.474, 1.524 +/- 0.503, 1.292 +/- 0.472 and 1.004 +/- 0.31 groups of genotype I, II, III, mixed genotypes infection and undetermined infection group respectively], being more increased in patients infected with giardia genotype III and in mixed genotype infection

Detection of anti-fasciola istypes among poatients with fascioliasis before and after treatment with mirazid

Stool examination using modified Kato thick smear method was performed to detect Fasciola eggs and other parasites. Abdominal pain was the major presenting symptom [87.7%], followed by pallor [83.3%] and fever [16.7%]. Anemia and hepatomegaly were recorded in 77.7% of the patients compared with 27.7% with splenomegaly. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed hepatomegaly and common bile duct dilatation in 77.7% of the patients. Moreover, five cases showed diagnostic olympic game rings. All patients had positive IgG4 levels, 55 cases were positive for specific total IgG and IgG1; whereas only 24 cases had positive IgG2 levels. All negative controls showed no cross reactions. On the other hand, ELISA detecting IgG4 showed the highest specificity [95%], followed by IgG2 [85%] and the least specific test was obtained with the detection of IgG [70%] and IgG1 [65%]. One month after treatment, 91.1% of the patients were completely cured and even after another two-month follow up. In completely cured patients, none of anti- Fasciola isotypes was significantly changed. So, the detection of anti- Fasciola isotypes, especially IgG4, is very specific for the accurate diagnosis of human fascioliasis

Eucalyptus globulus [Camphor Oil] against the zoonotic scabies, sarcoptes scabiei

In Egypt, Sarcoptes scabiei is the most prevalent mites infesting man in overcrowded and poorly hygienic areas. Many effective acaricidal regimens are available, but as compounds used as insecticides. With the success of camphor oil in the treated human demodicidosis, it was applied for treating human scabies. Camphor oil with or without glycerol dilutions gave a complete cure with concentrations of 100%, 75% and 50% within five to ten days

Fasciola immature stages sought in lymnaea species and biomphalaria species in the water bodies of Dakahlia governorate

The examination of five different water bodies in Daqahlia Governorate revealed four species of Lymnaea [L. Natalensis, L. Truncatula, L. stagnalis and L. columella]. Also, two species of Biomphalaria were recovered [B. Alexandrina and B. glabrata]. The examination of all these snails showed natural infection with immature stages of Fasciola sp. in 5.5% of L. natalensis [= cailliaudi], 3.1% in L. truncatula and 0.67% in B. Alexandrina. The importance of these snails in the dissemination and spreading of fascioliasis was discussed

Serum levels of some cytokines and soluble adhesion molecules in normal and patients with malignant malaria in Zambia

The present study revealed no changes in the serum levels of IL-8 in malaria patients compared with controls. Such result however, does not exclude a role for IL-8 in falciparum malaria, as it is produced by activated endothelial cells that may be captured by receptors on the endothelial surface. This would allow local concentrations of IL-8 to be generated at the vessel wall without being shed into the circulation. The marked elevation of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in serum of falciparum malaria patients may support the concept that dysfunction of the endothelium is important in the pathophysiology of the disease. Increased level of IL-6 in serum of patients may contribute to endothelial damage and dysfunction by expression of endothelial adhesion molecules that in turn result in infected esythrocytes attraction to the endothelium and pathologic endothelial dysfunction