Salvadora persica protects mouse intestine from eimeriosis / Salvadora persica protege o intestino do rato da eimeriose

Abstract Eimeriosis is a global poultry health problem. In the current study, we investigated the role of Salvadora persica leaf extracts (SE) against murine eimeriosis induced by Eimeria papillata. The infection induced an oocyst output of 6242 ± 731 oocysts/g feces. After treatment with 300 mg⁄kg SE, the oocysts expelled in feces decreased by approximately 3-fold. In addition, the total number of E. papillata in the parasitic stage decreased in the jejunum of mice after treatment with SE. In addition, SE significantly reduced the number of apoptotic cells by approximately 2-fold in the infected jejunum. SE ameliorated the changes in glutathione, malondialdehyde, and catalase due to E. papillata infection. Finally, SE regulated the cytokine genes, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α, and the apoptotic genes, B-cell lymphoma-2, Bax, and Caspase-3. SE protects the jejunum from E. papillata induced injury and may have potential therapeutic value as a food additive during eimeriosis.

Resumo A eimeriose é um problema global de saúde avícola. No presente estudo, investigou-se o papel dos extratos de folhas de Salvadora persica (SE) contra a eimeriose murina induzida por Eimeria papillata. A infecção induziu uma produção de oocistos de 6242 ± 731 oocistos/g de fezes. Após o tratamento com 300 mg⁄kg SE, os oocistos eliminados nas fezes diminuíram em aproximadamente 3 vezes. Além disso, o número total de E. papillata no estágio parasitário diminuiu nos jejunos de camundongos após o tratamento com SE. Da mesma forma, o SE reduziu significativamente o número de células apoptóticas em aproximadamente 2 vezes no jejuno infectado. O estudo mostrou que o SE melhorou as alterações na glutationa, malonaldeído e catalase devido à infecção por E. papillata. Finalmente, o SE regulou os genes das citocinas, interleucina (IL) -1β, IL-6, interferon-γ e fator de necrose tumoral α, e os genes apoptóticos, linfoma-2, Bax e Caspase-3. Assim, o SE protegeu os jejunos das lesões induzidas por E. papillata e pode ter potencial valor terapêutico como aditivo alimentar durante a eimeriose.

Effect of follicular flushing during oocyte retrievalon clinical outcome of assisted reproductive technology

Is to determine whether follicular aspiration and flushing increase the number of oocytes yield and pregnancy outcome over aspiration alone in women undergoing ICSI. Prospective randomized controlled trial. One hundred eighty five infertile women who underwent ICSI were included in the study. They were randomized into two groups 92 cases in [aspiration and flushing group] and 93 cases in [aspiration only group],during the period from September 2011 to September 2013. Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation using long GnRH agonist was the standard protocol, hCG administrated 10000 iu when three or more follicles were at least 18 mm in largest diameter, Trans-vaginal follicular aspiration performed 34-36 hours after hCG trigger. In the aspiration alone group, a 16 gauge single lumen needle used, with suction continue until a small amount of blood stained fluid appeared in the tubing or flow stop, When flushing accompany aspiration of follicular fluid in the study group, the same needle used with a double-way tap allowing flushing of [2 ml] of embty follicleby Earl's medium till oocyte retrieved or maximum two times. The study observed 60.5 % oocyte recovery rate with aspiration only compared with 80.9 % with follicular aspiration and flushing.Operative time [minutes] was significantly longer among flushing group, the retrieval time was 1.3 fold higher among those undergoing follicular flushing. Pregnancy was non-significantly more frequent among flushing. Implantation rates non-significantly more frequent among flushing group than non-flushing group [31.6% versus 26.3%, P= 0.424] and ongoing clinical pregnancy non-significantly more frequent among flushing group [27.4% versus 21.1%, P= 0.31]. Conclusion, flushing non-significantly increase implantation and clinical pregnancy outcome and associated with a significant increase in the procedure time for oocyte retrieval, so patient groups where a small number of oocytes are available for retrieval may represent patients most likely to benefit from follicle flushing as only one extra oocyte may affect the outcome

Histological study on the possible protective role of vitamin C against endotoxin on pancreatic acini of adult male albino rat

Endotoxin is a lipopolysaccaride molecule derived from Gram-Ve bacterial cell wall. It acts as a potent signaling molecule which elicits a systemic inflammatory response syndrome [SIRS] defined as sepsis. This syndrome is considered to be the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in intensive care units. Dietary antioxidant vitamins could protect against endotoxin damage. The present study was conducted to illustrate the histological changes in pancreatic acini of albino rat in response to endotoxin administration and the possible protective role of vitamin C. In this study twenty four adult male albino rats were used and divided into four groups, [six rats each]. Group I [Control group]. Group II [Vitamin C treated group] was given vitamin C orally in a dose level of 18 mg/kg body weight once daily for two weeks. Group III [Endotoxin treated group] was given single dose of endotoxin at a dose level of 5 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally. Group IV [Protective group] was given oral vitamin C in a dose level of 18 mg/kg body weight daily for two weeks prior to endotoxin administration [5mg/kg] as in group II. Microscopical examination of H and E stained sections of the endotoxin treated group [group III] showed severely affected pancreatic acini with loss of the normal architectural pattern. Ultrastructurally, dilatation of rough endoplasmic reticulum, cytoplasmic vacuolation, zymogen granule depletion and loss of polarity were the commonly encountered lesions in association with nuclear changes. In Group IV vitamin C reduced endotoxin toxicity to pancreatic acini as revealed by presentation of the pancreatic architecture to be nearly similar to that of the control group. It is concluded that vitamin C had a protective effect to pancreatic acini against endotoxin induced pancreatitis

Lymphocytes subsets alterations in cases of co-infection with both hepatitis C virus and S. mansoni

The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of any possible alterations in different lymphocytes subsets in patients co-infected with HCV and S. mansoni which may be responsible for higher rate of viral persistence and aggressive course of hepatitis and liver fibrosis in these co-infected patients

Methods: 42 individuals were divided into four groups: Group I included normal control [n=10], Group II: patients with HCV mono-infection [n=9], group III: patients with S. mansoni mono-infection [n=11] and group IV of patients with HCV and S. mansoni co-infection [n=12]. For all subjects included in this study, count of lymphocytes subsets in the peripheral blood was done by flowcytometry applying a two color immuno-fluorescence technique using pairs of monoclonal antibodies conjugated with both fluorescein isothiocyanate [FITC] and phycoerythrin [PE]

Results: B lymphocytes [CD19+] showed no significant alterations in all groups while T lymphocytes [CD3+] showed a significant increase in both HCV mono-infection group and S. mansoni mono-infection group and a highly significant increase in the co-infection group. Natural killer [NK] cells [CD16+ and/or CD56+] showed a significant decrease in the group of HCV monoinfection patients, no significant alterations in the S. mansoni mono-infection group and a highly significant decrease in the co-infection group. T helper [CD4+] cells showed a significant increase in HCV mono-infection patients and in the co-infection group but with no significant alteration in S. mansoni mono-infection group while T cytotoxic [CD8+] cells showed a significant increase in both HCV mono-infection group and S. mansoni mono-infection group and a highly significant increase in the co-infection group. Activated T lymphocytes [CD3+ HLA-DR+] showed a highly significant increase in HCV mono-infection patients with no significant changes in S. mansoni mono-infection group and a significant increase in the co-infection group. The degree of increase of activated T lymphocytes was significantly higher in the HCV mono-infection patients compared to those co-infected with S. mansoni. In conclusion, results of this study suggest that co-infection of HCV patients with S. mansoni is associated with some immune system alterations that may explain the increased persistence and severity of HCV infection. Also, these findings suggest that there is an urgent need to introduce new therapeutic approaches that stimulate strong cellular immune responses which might limit the progression and severity of HCV infection in these co-infected patients