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Introduction: lactating mothers and breastfed infants are most vulnerable to iodine deficiency. The aim of this study was to assess the iodine status of lactating mothers and its association with certain demographic characteristics in an area of iodine sufficiency
Materials and Methods: in this cross-sectional study, 264 lactating mothers, 3-5 days postpartum were randomly selected from health care centers. Breast milk, urine, and salt samples were collected from each mother. Demographic factors including age, education, occupation, date of last pregnancy, parity, gravidity, type of delivery and use of iodine containing supplement during pregnancy were assessed
Results: a total of 254 lactating mothers, aged 28.2 +/- 4.9 years completed this study. Median [interquartile range [IQR]] maternal urinary iodine concentration [UIC] and breast milk iodine concentration [BMIC] was 82 [42-146] and 241 [167-337] [micro]g/L, respectively. Significant correlations were observed between maternal UIC and BMIC [r =0.177, P=0.007]. In multiple linear regression, maternal UIC value was associated with occupation [P=0.010] and parity [P=0.014]; a significant association was observed between BMIC and occupation [P=0.039] and the iodine content of salt [P=0.043]
Conclusion: the present findings indicate that despite lactating mothers being mildly iodine deficient, as defined by median UIC, the iodine levels of breast milk were within an optimal range. In an area with iodine sufficiency, parity, occupation and iodine content of salt are major determinants of iodine status among lactating mothers
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Introduction: The association of nutrient patterns with chronic disease and obesity has been much focused on recently. This study investigated the relation between nutrient patterns with changes in weight and waist circumference
Materials and Methods: The study population included 1637 subjects, aged 30-75 years, free of cardiovascular diseases, and cancer, recruited from Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study [2005-2008]. Participants had complete anthropometric and dietary information and were followed up to the next phase [2008-2011]. Dietary intake of 33 nutrients was collected by a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire and three year changes of weight and waist circumference were documented. Nutrient patterns were obtained using principal component analysis
Results: Four nutrient patterns were identified. Median and interquartile range [IQR] of weight and waist circumference changes of participants were 1.0 [-1.0-3.0] kilogram and 3.0 [0.0-8.0] centimetres, respectively. The first pattern [high fat dairy and meat], rich in animal protein, saturated fatty acid, cholesterol, vitamin D, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, vitamin B12, calcium, phosphorous and zinc was associated with higher weight gain 0.258 [0.066-0.449] P for trend=0.009 after adjusting for confounder variables. There were no significant associations for other patterns [fruit and vegetables with dairy, nuts and legumes, and grains and fruits] with changes in weight and waist circumference
Conclusion: Dietary intakes of nutrient patterns rich in animal source foods are directly associated with higher weight gain
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Introduction: Considering the incrediblly high incidence of obesity in adolescents, in this study, we have examined the association of DASH diet with 3-year body mass index change and risk of obesity in Tehranian adolescents
Materials and Method: This population based cohort study included 629 adolescents [aged 10 to 18 years] from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study [TLGS]. Dietary data were collected using a valid and reliable food-frequency questionnaire. Anthropometric measures were assessed both at baseline and end of follow up. In adolescents, obesity was defined as body mass index 2 95th percentile for age and sex according to national reference curves
Results: Mean +/- SD for age and DASH score at baseline were 14.1 +/- 2.5 years and 24.1 +/- 4.2, respectively. Also, the mean +/- SD of body mass index gain and risk of incident obesity was 1.7 +/- 2.6 kg/m2 and 12% after 3 years follow up, respectively. After adjustment for potential confounding variables, higher DASH diet score and lower dietary intakes of sweet beverage were inversely associated with 3-year changes in body mass index [P<0.05]. The odds ratio [95%CI] of developing obesity in the highest, compared with the lowest, quintile of DASH score was 0.2 [0.1-0.7] [P for trend=0.025]. Also, the lower intake of sweet beverage was significantly associated with reducing the risk of incident obesity [OR: 0.2; 95%CI: 0.1-0.6] [P for trend=0.003]
Conclusion: A DASH- style dietary pattern is associated inversely with 3-year body mass index changes and risk of incident obesity in adolescents
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Background and Objective: Dietary intake of beta-carotene and beta-cryptoxanthin may be associated with reduce the risk of insulin resistance, due to their antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to determine the relation between dietary intake of beta-carotene and beta-cryptoxanthin and the risk of insulin resistance in adults
Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 938 [421 men and 517 women], aged between 19 to 82 years were selected from among participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study in Iran. Dietary intake of beta-carotene and beta-cryptoxanthin were determined using a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire. Fasting serum glucose and insulin were measured at base line and again after a 3-year of follow up. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the occurrence of insulin resistance across tetiles of beta-carotene and beta-cryptoxanthin with adjustment for potential confounding variables
Results: The mean age of participants was 40.7 +/- 12.1 years. beta-carotene was inversely associated with insulin resistance after adjustment for confounder variables [95% CI= 0.25-0.72, OR= 0.42, P-value for trend=0.01]. Also, an inverse association was found between dietary intake of beta-cryptoxanthin and insulin resistance risk [95% CI= 0.30-0.84, OR= 0.51, P-value for trend=0.01]
Conclusion: There was inverse association between dietary intake of beta-carotene and beta-cryptoxanthin and risk of insulin resistance in adults
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Introduction: Systemic inflammation plays a main role in the incidence of diabetes complications. Probiotics can be used in the treatment of diabetes complications for its anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to investigate the effects of probiotic supplement on glycemia, insulin resistance and inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes
Materials and Methods: This randomized double blind clinical trial was carried out on 59 diabetic patients, aged 25-65 years, referred to the Taleghani Hospital in Tehran. They were randomly divided in 2 groups, the probiotic and the placebo. Patients in each group received 2 capsules per day for 6 weeks. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and after intervention to evaluate glycemic control, insulin resistance and inflammatory biomarkers
Results: Mean fasting blood glucose was significantly decreased by 9% [132.7 +/- 34 vs. 146.5 +/- 44] in the probiotic group during the intervention [P=0.001]. Results of the analysis of covariance showed that there were statistically significant differences between the two groups in fasting blood glucose and insulin resistance, whereas there were none observed in IL-6 and TNF alpha between the two groups after intervention
Conclusions: The results of the present study indicate that probiotic consumption may help in diabetes control through reducing glycemia and insulin resistance
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Blood Glucose , Insulin Resistance , Inflammation , Double-Blind MethodABSTRACT
Introduction: Hypertension is one of the main risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, and recent studies have been investigating the association of dietary amino acids with blood pressure. This study aimed to determine the association of dietary glycine with blood pressure
Materials and Methods: For the present study, conducted on 2612 participants, aged 35-70 years, who had participated in the fourth phase of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study [2008-2011] were followed up to the fifth phase [2011-2014]. At baseline, participants, who were free of hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer and had complete documented anthropometric, clinical and dietary data entered the study. Dietary glycine information was collected, using a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire. Incidence of hypertesion was ascertained after three years of follow up, using logistic regression to assess the associations between incidence of hypertension and tertiles of glycine intake, adjusted for potential confounders
Results: The mean+/-SD age of participants [42.1% men] was 47.1+/-8.3 years. During 3 years of follow-up, 365 cases [14%] of hypertension developed. The OR of the highest tertile of glycine intake was 0.69 [95% CI: 0.49-0.96; P for trend: 0.04], compared to the lowest, after adjusting for potential confounders
Conclusion: Our results indicate an inverse association between higher glycine intake and incidence of hypertension
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Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction between CETP [Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein] polymorphisms and macronutrient intakes in relation to metabolic syndrome [MetS] and its components
Materials and Methods: In this matched nested case-control study, 441 MetS subjects and 844 controls were selected from among participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Dietary intake was determined using a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire. Portions of DMA samples were genotyped with HumanOmniExpress-24-v1-0 bead chips [containing 649,932 SNP loci] in the Tehran cardio-metabolic genetic study
Results: Mean ages of men and women did not differ between cases and controls. Frequencies of the C [rs3764261] and A [rs5882] alleles were 62.9% and 62.1%, respectively, and did not differ in cases and controls. Compared to CC [rs3764261] genotype, low HDL-C risk was decreased in subjects with the AC+AA genotypes [P<0.001]. Interactions were observed between Mono-unsaturated fatty acids, total fat intakes and rs5882 in relation to risk of low HDL-C [Pi=0.02 and 0.05, respectively]. The risk of high blood pressure across quartiles of trans-fatty acid and cholesterol intake differed in rs5882 genotypes [Pi<0.05]
Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated no interaction between rs3764261, rs5882 polymorphisms and macronutrient intakes in relation toMetS; neither were MUFA and trans-fatty acid intakes associated with rs5882 genotypes in relation to risk of high blood pressure and low HDL-C
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Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of camel and cow milk on blood sugar and lipid profiles of patients with diabetes mellitus, who injected lantus insulin
Materials and Methods: In a randomized clinical trial, 40 patients with diabetes mellitus, using lantus insulin injections were randomly allocated two groups of camel milk receivers (19 patients, mean age 59.84+1.05] and cow milk receivers [17 patients, mean age 49.47 + 2.93]. The two groups consumed 500 ml of either camel milk or cow milk daily for three months
Results: Changes in mean glucose levels of the camel milk group were significant, over the study duration and [P<0.05]. HbA1c decreased significantly in both groups [P<0.05]. There was significant reduction of the insulin dose required in the patients receiving camel milk [13.71%], compared to those who received cow milk [0.25%; P0.05]. In the group receiving camel milk, there was a significant increase in HDL-C levels [P<0.05]. There was no difference in fasting blood sugar, fasting insulin, HbA1c, HOMA-IR and lipid profiles between the two groups at the end of study [P>0.05]
Conclusion: Camel milk decreased blood sugar, HbA1c and required the insulin dose required in diabetes mellitus patients, who inject lantus insulin and in could also contribute to glycemic control in these patients
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Introduction: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus [GDM] is a common metabolic disorder in pregnancy that is diagnosed for the first time in the second half pregnancy. Associations between consumption of trans fatty acids and GDM have been conflicted in many studies. The purpose of this study is to determine this relationship. Materials and Methods: This is a narrative review to assess the relationship between trans fatty acids consumption before and during pregnancy and GDM incidence. We searched Google Scholar, Cochrane, and Science Direct and Med Line for identifying relevant analytic studies [Cohort and case- control studies]. We used the key words: Trans Fatty Acids, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, pregnancy glucose intolerance. Result: At last we identified 12 relevant studies. Studies demonstrated that high trans fatty acids and animal fat intake before and during pregnancy significantly increased blood glucose levels in late pregnancy. Conclusion: High trans fatty acids intake and animal fat consumption in daily diet before and during pregnancy disturb glucose metabolism and increase risk of GDM in the second half of pregnancy, although all of the studies recommended more widespread clinical trials to identify the exact relationship between high trans fatty acids intake and GDM
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Introduction: although previous studies report the relationship of diabetes with various groups of fruits and vegetables, and also an inverse association between insulin resistance with dietary carotenoids and flavonoids, no studies have yet examined the effect of [Fruit and Vegetable] FV subgroups on insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of red, orange and yellow FV, with the 3-year incidence of insulin resistance in adults
Materials and Methods: in this longitudinal study, 940 men and women, aged>19 years were selected from among participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Dietary intakes of fruits and vegetables [FV] were determined using a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire. Fasting serum glucose and insulin were measured at baseline and again after a 3-year of follow up. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the occurrence of IR across tertiles of color subgroups of FV with adjustment for potential confounding variables
Results: the mean age and body mass index [BMI] of participants were 40.34+/-12.1 years and 26.4+/-4.4 kg/m2 respectively. Mean residual energy adjusted total intakes of FV, red/purple, orange and yellow FV were 503g/d, 172, 108and 104g/d, respectively. Total intake of FV was inversely associated with IR after 3 years of follow up [OR=0.511P for trend=0.018]. and also an inverse association was found between red/purple [OR=0.48 P for trend=0.012], orange [OR=0.34 P for trend=0.001] and yellow [OR=0.34 P for trend=0.011] groups and the occurrence of IR
Conclusion: results of this longitudinal study, found an inverse association between dietary intakes of FV, red/purple, orange and yellow groups and the risk of IR in adults
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Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine why Iranian endocrinologists choose endocrinology and to ascertain the advantages and limitations that they encounter
Materials and Methods: A questionnaire including 3 open questions and one with 8 choices was sent to 157 endocrinologists, whose email was available in the list of the Iran Endocrine Society for analysis of responses to open questions
Results: Of the 157 endocrinologists, 81 [52%], - 42 females [52%] and 39 males [48%]- responded. Eighty-one percent wrote back saying they had selected internal medicine as a specialty because it is "the basic scientific principles of medicine". Answers to the question "Why did you choose endocrinology?" were: "It has a constant process of thinking in diagnosis and treatment [69%], systematic and intellectual decision making [62%], the influence of a role model-a distinguished mentor [59%], interaction with other systems and organs [55%], motivation and the availability of updated data [55%]". Endocrinologists believed that the major limitations of this subspecialty to be: "Excessive dependence on accurate laboratory procedures, not always available [62%] and lower income, as compared to other medical specialties [53%]"
Conclusion: This study shows that despite the lower income, the rewards of choosing endocrinology, in particular its research and scientific evidence-based process of thinking, are major reasons why physicians choose this subspecialty. Availability of and accessibility to well facilitated laboratories and higher incomes could minimize the challenges faced by physician endocrinologists
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Introduction: Considering the remarkable increase in life expectancy among older people and lack of data on thyroid diseases in elderly Iranians, this study was designed to determine thyroid dysfunction in people, aged over 55 years
Materials and Method: This study was conducted on 819 Tehranian participants, aged over 55 years from the Tehran Thyroid Study, who were assessed every 3 years for serum free T4 [FT4] and TSH levels and were followed for 10.6 years. Data were analyzed by t test' chi-square test, sig test and cox regression analysis
Results: Mean age of participants was 62.5+/-5.5 years. Of these 712 [86.9%] were euthyroid, 41[5%] had subclinical hypothyroidism [SCH], 19[2.4%] had overt hypothyroidism [OH], 34[4.1%] had subclinical hyperthyroidism and 13[1.5%] overt hyperthyroidism. Overall 13% of participants had thyroid dysfunction. The annual incidence rate of SCH and OH were 8.8 and 7.1 cases per 1000 people respectively. Multivariate regression analysis showed the risk of hypothyroidism in euthyroid people to be affected by TPO positivity [HR=1.9 [CI 95% 1.04-3.5]] and TSH>1.88 mlu/l [HR=8.1 [CI 95% 3.4-19]]
Conclusion: More than one-tenth of aged people have thyroid dysfunction. High TSH and TPO positivity are the most important risk factors of hypothyroidism in elderly people
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Introduction: To investigate the association between major dietary patterns and the incidence of chronic kidney disease [CKD] over a 3.6 year follow up in adults with high blood pressure
Materials and Methods: This cohort study was conducted on 1521 prehypertensive and hypertensive subjects, aged >/= 27 years, without CKD at baseline, who participated in the fourth phase [2009-2012] of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Dietary data were collected using a valid food frequency questionnaire. Principal component analysis was performed to derive dietary patterns. Anthropometrics and biochemical measurements were obtained. CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Multiple Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between dietary patterns scores and risk of CKD
Results: The mean age of participants was 46.32 +/- 11.59 years. After 3.6 years of follow-up, 255 [16.8%] cases of CKD occurred. Three dietary patterns were identified, the western, healthy and the traditional Iranian patterns. After adjustment for relevant confounders, subjects in the highest, compared to the lowest quartile category of the Western dietary pattern score, had a higher risk of CKD [OR: 2.12; 95% CI: 1.19-3.76]. Neither the healthy nor the traditional dietary patterns were significantly associated with incidence of CKD
Conclusions: Adherence to the Western dietary pattern is associated with increased risk of CKD in adults with high blood pressure
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Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome [PCOS], one of the most common gynecological diseases, has been the subject of many scientific studies. Scientific map is one way to obtain useful information about a particular research field status. We aimed to compare the quantity of scientific publications on PCOS in Iran to those of the Middle East and other countries
Materials and Methods: In this scientometric study, the samples included all medical scientific publications about PCOS, indexed in the Web of Knowledge from 2000 to 2016. Bibexcel software was used for calculating subject category co-citation, analyzing social networks and two Pajek and VOS viewer software were used for creating maps
Results: Iran ranked eighth among the top ten leading countries in the production of scientific articles in the field of PCOS. Of overall 6598 scientific publications related to PCOS worldwide, 209 articles were authored by Iranian researchers. In other words, 4.3 % of scientific productions in this field are from our country. In this list, America ranks first with 1670 [34.3%] articles, followed by China with 567 [11.7%], and Turkey with 564 [11.6%] publications ranking second and third. Of the fifteen Iranian research pioneers, each one had at least seven papers in the field of PCOS
Conclusion: Iran ranks among the top ten countries with regard to scientific publications worldwide. Considering the lack of knowledge in certain aspects of PCOS identifying more pioneers in this research field will help highlighting new research topics for future researches in this field
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To identify a dietary pattern predictive of visceral adiposity index [VAI], using reduced rank regression, and to examine its associations with cardiometabolic risks in the PCOS women. This case-control study was conducted on 53 PCOS women and 167 age-matched healthy women from the population of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Dietary intakes were collected using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The associations of dietary pattern with cardiometabolic risks were investigated by Pearson's correlation and linear regression. In this study, a positively correlated VAI dietary pattern, characterized by high consumption of fried vegetables, vegetable oils [except for olive oil], fast foods and low consumption of dairy, and cruciferous vegetables was identified. The dietary pattern was correlated with triglycerides [rcontrols=0.32, rPCOS=0.41], triglycerides/HDL-C ratio [rcontrols=0.35, rPCOS=0.44] and HDL-C [rcontrols=-0.22, rPCOS=-0.26] in both groups. The pattern was also positively correlated with waist circumference, total cholesterol [TC], LDL-C and systolic blood pressure in the controls. After adjustment for age and BMI, dietary pattern was associated with triglycerides [Pcontrol=0.22, p=0.003; betaPCOS=0.48, P=0.001] and triglycerides/HDL-C ratio [Pcontrol= 0.23, P=0.002; betaPCOS= 0.52, P=0.001] in both groups. The dietary pattern was inversely associated with HDL-C in both groups, but the association was attenuated by adjusting for age and BMI in the PCOS group. High adherence to the dietary pattern was associated with cardiometaboiic risks in controls and to a lesser degree in the PCOS group
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Undiagnosed thyroid dysfunction may impair metabolic control in patients with diabetes. Due to the lack of adequate studies on the incidence of thyroid dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus there is no consensus regarding optimal thyroid screening strategies in routine diabetes care. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of thyroid dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes. In this study, patients aged >/=30 years, participants of in the prospective Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, who had complete thyroid assessments were divided into two groups of 428 diabetic and 2847 nondiabetic controls and followed for 12 years. The incidence of thyroid dysfunction in these two groups was compared and the relative risk of type 2 diabetes for thyroid dysfunction was calculated. Compared to those without diabetes the disorders patients with diabetes were less likely to develop thyroid dysfunction [incidence rate 12.56 vs. 16.50 cases per 1000 person-years, Relative risk 0.74, 95% Cl, 0.534-1.026, P=0.071]. The incidence of thyroid dysfunction in type 2 diabetic patients is not higher than in non-diabetic individuals, indicating that routine screening of thyroid dysfunctions is not recommended in type 2 diabetic subjects
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Ethical issues are common to all sciences, and biological and medical sciences are no exception. Since these sciences deal directly with the physical and mental health of humans, they are exposed to thorough assessment to maintain the individuals, prestige and dignity. Development and application of cellular and molecular biology in medical sciences cause challenges and responsibilities in ethics, not easily predictable. This is because of three general properties of genetic information: 1] It has private and familial concepts; 2] It often is related to the disease in the feature, hence it has predictive properties that can provide information about the next generation, and can also provide data on previous generations and 3] Genetic tests often diagnose some diseases, for which there is no efficient treatment or prevention. Hence the predictive and risk-assessing nature of genetic information has made human genetic material invaluable to different organizations and unfortunately open to misuse by health care planners, insurers and employers. Furthermore social discrimination and psychological injuries also threaten individuals undergoing genetics testing. This review article discusses the ethical issues raised in the area of genetic research, such as informed consent, confidentiality, assessment of damage and utility, ownership of genetic findings and recall of family members
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Polycystic ovary syndrome [PCOS] is the most prevalent endocrinopathy in reproductive aged women. The association of early-life factors such as fetal adipose tissue and birth weight with adulthood outcomes like obesity, body fat mass [BFM] and body lean mass [BLM] is not clearly understood. We aimed to compare the association between birth weight and body composition in women with PCOS and normal controls. For this study we enrolled a total of 70 reproductive aged women with PCOS diagnosis, referring to the Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center and the same number of healthy women without polycystic ovaries by ultrasonography or hirsutism and/or anyovulatory other dysfunction were enrolled. Their birth weights were documented and their body composition was assessed, using standard measuring devices. Cases were younger than the controls [29.7 +/- 4.9 versus 30.8 +/- 5.9 years] and had the same BMI [24.6 +/- 2.4 versus 24.8 +/- 4.5 kg/m2]. Our study demonstrated that BFM and BLM are increased in adult PCOS women born underweight, compared to their normal counterparts [16 +/- 4.7 versus 12.2 +/- 4.1, P= 0.06 and 46.4 +/- 5.8 versus 41.1 +/- 5.8, P=0.07]. The impact of fetal adipose tissue and birth weight on the occurrence adulthood obesity, BFM and BLM vary between women with and without PCOS
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Identifying different food patterns may play a role in reducing the incidence of hypertension. Since most studies in this field have been cross-sectional, studies demonstrating HTN incidence are very limited. Hence we conducted this longitudinal study to determine dietary patterns and their effects on the incidence of hypertension. Dietary patterns of 1787 subjects, aged 20-60 yrs, who participated in phase 3 of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study [TLGS] were determined using factor analysis and the association between dietary patterns and the incidence of hypertension in phase 4 of TLGS was assessed, using logistic regression. Mean age across quartiles of healthy and western dietary patterns differed significantly. Individuals with lowest adherence to healthy dietary pattern and highest adherence to western dietary pattern were younger than others. Participants in the highest quartile of the healthy dietary pattern were physically more active than those in the upper quartile of western dietary pattern, who had the lowest level of physical activity. The healthy dietary pattern was negatively associated with elevated systolic blood pressure in models 2 [adjusted for age, sex, education, smoking and BMI] and 3 [adjusted for age, sex, education, smoking and BMI and physical activity] [odds ratio: 0.74 [95% Cl: 0.56-0.98] and 0.74 [95% Cl: 0.56-0.97] respectively, P=0.03 for both]. Results of this study showed that adherence to the healthy dietary pattern reduced the risk of incidence of hypertension by 26%
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Improvement of lipid abnormalities are important in the prevention of diabetes complications. The study aimed to determine the effect of nigella sativa oil extract oil on blood lipid abnormalities in patients with type 2 diabetes. In this double blind randomized clinical trial, 43 men and women with type 2 diabetes who were randomized to the intervention [n=23] and placebo [n=20] groups were studied and compared. The intervention group received 2 capsules daily, [500 mg extract of Black Seed Oil] while the control group took 2 capsules [500 mg, placebo daily] for 8 weeks, respectively. Lipid profiles were measured at the beginning and end of the intervention. Mean age and body mass index of participants was 53.7 +/- 6.0 y and 28.6 +/- 5.4 kg/m2, respectively. At the end of the eighth week, the concentrations of serum triglycerides, LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol and LDL to HDL cholesterol of the intervention group were compared to the placebo group, and a significant reduction [P<0.05] was found. However concentrations of HDL cholesterol and total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol ratio, at the of the end eighth week in the intervention group and the control group showed no significant difference. Black Seed Oil extract improves lipid profiles in type 2 diabetic patients