[Interaction of macronutrient intake and cetp gene variants in relation to metabolic syndrome and components]

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the interaction between CETP [Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein] polymorphisms and macronutrient intakes in relation to metabolic syndrome [MetS] and its components

Materials and Methods: In this matched nested case-control study, 441 MetS subjects and 844 controls were selected from among participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Dietary intake was determined using a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire. Portions of DMA samples were genotyped with HumanOmniExpress-24-v1-0 bead chips [containing 649,932 SNP loci] in the Tehran cardio-metabolic genetic study

Results: Mean ages of men and women did not differ between cases and controls. Frequencies of the C [rs3764261] and A [rs5882] alleles were 62.9% and 62.1%, respectively, and did not differ in cases and controls. Compared to CC [rs3764261] genotype, low HDL-C risk was decreased in subjects with the AC+AA genotypes [P<0.001]. Interactions were observed between Mono-unsaturated fatty acids, total fat intakes and rs5882 in relation to risk of low HDL-C [Pi=0.02 and 0.05, respectively]. The risk of high blood pressure across quartiles of trans-fatty acid and cholesterol intake differed in rs5882 genotypes [Pi<0.05]

Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated no interaction between rs3764261, rs5882 polymorphisms and macronutrient intakes in relation toMetS; neither were MUFA and trans-fatty acid intakes associated with rs5882 genotypes in relation to risk of high blood pressure and low HDL-C

Disclosure of cancer information in iran: a perspective of patients, family members, and health professionals

In the last decades cancer has become one of the important causes of death in Iran .This study examined perspective of a group of Iranian health professionals, patients and patients' family members regarding their view on disclosure of cancer information at a university hospital in Tehran, Iran. The method of study was qualitative semi-structured focused group content analysis. Two group leaders [psychologist and psychiatrist] run the focus groups. Oncologists, nurses, patients and family members participated in separate focus groups. Five group sessions were held to sum up the participants views in four major topics related to disclosure of cancer information to patients and families. Most of physicians and nurses believed that disclosure of cancer diagnosis is a mistake. Family members think that it should be delivered gradually during stages of therapy based on patient's psychological state, but most of the patients consider truth telling as a patient right. All physicians, most of nurses and all the patients see the physician as a person responsible to break the diagnostic disclosure. All patients wanted the physicians to take the total control of decisionmaking process for their treatment. Iranian physicians and nurses hesitate to disclose cancer diagnosis compared to patients, who want to know the truth. Patients, nurses and physicians consider the physician to be the person responsible for delivering the information of cancer diagnosis .Development and implementation of a protocol based on Iranian culture is a necessity

[Effects of leukocyte-depletion filters on alluimunization derived reactions of platelet transfusion in acute leukemic patients]

Leukemia is the most common malignancy among adults and children which may develop several side affects such as anemia, infection and thrombocytopenia-related hemorrage. Many modalities have been suggested for prevention of Alluimunization and one of them is using of leukocytes free products. In fact, platelets could not solely stimulate immune reaction. This study is conducted at two hospials of "Shohada" and " Taleghani" to demonstrate the usefulness of such products. This research is a single- blinded clinical trial. All the patients had acute leukemia. In control group [24 subjects] we used a routin infusion set for transfusion and in experimental group [20 subjects] a biofilter was applied during the transfusion, platelet were counted one hour and 24 hr after transfusion. CCI formulate was used to represent a signs for Alluimunization. If CCI was less than 10x10 L/M[2] after transfusion or it became below 5-7x10 L/M[2] after 18-24 hr, the subject was considered alluimmune. After one hour, 21 cases out of 24 were alluimmuned in control group whereas in experimental group 13 cases from 20 patients became alluimmune. After 24 hours, 5 cases in control group and 5 ones in experiments were found to be Alluimmune. We did not prove any preventive properties from leukocyte-depletion filters in reducing the risk factors of Alluimunization amongs patients with acute leukemia

[ breast feeding and measles vaccination in childhood be considered as risk factors for later inflammatory bowel diseases?]

It is claimed that the interaction of altering immune system bowel maturation, and measles vaccine predispose the body to inflammatory bowel diseasesAlso it is proposed that breastmilk components during infancy, regulatemucosal immune activity to antigen and have protective role for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. This study was a case-control study. Data were collected from patients' evidences and questionnaires that were filled up by face to face method for each groups of patients [including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease] and control groups [including IBS and GERD] They were selected from the patients <40 years who came to 3 clinics in Tehran during 2005 to 2008. Statistical analysis was performed in two steps univariate and multivariate analysis, using SPSS-16 software. Results: Ulcerative colitis group included 143 patients, Crohn's disease group involved 148 cases and control group included 307 patients. Breastfeeding in Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's groups had been less common than in control group [81.1% versus 88.3% and 83.8% versus 88.3% respectively], but the differences were not significant. [P-Values were 0.225 and 0.397 respectively] The difference between ulcerative colitis group and control group in measles vaccination rate [93% versus 89.9% respectively] was not significant [P=0.121]. Both Crohn's disease group and control group had vaccination rate of 89.9% [P=0.481]. There was not significant correlation between previous exposure to smoking, measles vaccination and breast feeding during infancy with extent and location of gastrointestinal involvement in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease [p>0.05]. Breast feeding and measles vaccination during infancy do not correlate with later ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease in adulthood. There was not any correlation between smoking, easles vaccination and breast feeding with extent and location of gastrointestinal involvement in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease

case report of a systematic error in blood transfusion

Hemolytic transfusion reactions have been one of the most common causes of transfusion related mortalities and morbidities. Increased vigilance and use of newer technologies could lead in decreased rate of complications. A 19-year-old man with a broken leg, under anesthesia and surgery, received 2 packs of RBCs. Afterwards, he admitted in the intensive care unit of the hospital for supportive care. Later assessments revealed that the transfused blood, confirmed by the hospital blood bank, had not been really isogroup. Transfusion related medical errors are still inducting a considerable rate of mortality and morbidity in our health system. Systematic approaches [including enhancement of the role of hospital transfusion committees] to lower these complications could lead in decreased rate of errors

Arteriography in peripheral vascular trauma

Fifty cases of angiographically demonstrated vascular injuries are reviewed, different types of vascular lesions were analyzed, and retrospectively correlated with the physical signs of arterial injury. Indications of arteriography in peripheral vascular trauma are discussed. It is concluded that arteriography should be done in cases of trauma when the wound is in the vicinity of a major vessel, regardless of negative signs of arterial injury

Left renal vein hypertension; a cause of gross hematuria

Compression of the left renal vein between the superior mesenteric artery and aorta, can cause elevation of the left renal venous pressure and hematuria. A case of left renal vein hypertension, presenting with massive recurrent hematuria, is reported. The correct diagnosis was reached by left renal vein-inferior vena cava pullback pressure study

Arterial fibrodysplasia: a common cause of peripheral occlusive vascular disease in Iran

Seventeen cases of arterial fibrodysplasia in males in the age range of 20 to 45 years were studied. Affected arteries were mostly the femoral, iliac and popliteal, but in two cases the axillary and brachial arteries were also affected. Three cases were progressive. Differential diagnosis of arterial fibrodysplasia is discussed. It is concluded that this entity is the most common cause of peripheral occlusive vascular disease in the younger Iranian age groups

Popliteal pseudoaneurysm complicating osteochondromas: report of three cases and review of literature

Osteochondromas around the knee joint can occasionally cause popliteal pseudoaneurysms. Three such cases are reported, caused by distal femoral and proximal tibial exostoses. Clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment are discussed while an analysis is given of the reported cases in the literature