effect of 12 weeks aerobic exercise on DHEAso4, 17OH-Progestron concentrations, number of follicles and menstrual condition of women with PCOS

The effective method of treatment of Polycystic Overy Syndrome [PCOS] is lifestyle modification. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 12 weeks aerobic exercise on DHEAso4, 17OH-Progestron Concentrations, number of follicles and menstrual condition of women with PCOS. In this clinical trial, 40 PCOS patients lean [BMI<20] and obese [BMI>25] randomly divided into two trained and sedentary control groups. DHEAso4, 17OHProgestron Concentrations, number of follicles and menstrual condition were measured before and after the program [12-week exercise training program, aerobic exercise at 60-80% of maximal heart rate, 25-30 min/day, 3 days/week]. Decline of DHEAso4, 17OH-Progestron Concentrations were significant after exercise in obese group [P=0.023, P<0.0001]. The number of follicles right and left ovaries decreased significantly after exercise in two groups lean and obese [Right; P=0.019, P=0.041 and Left ovary; P=0.005, P=0.008]. Menstrual situation was improved after exercise in obese and lean groups [P=0.028, P<0.0001]. The body weight decreased significantly after exercise in obese groups [P<0.0001]. It seems that a term of exercise with weight loss can induce decline of DHEAso4 and 17OH-Progestron. In addition, exercise lead to improved menstrual condition and reduction of number of ovarian follicles per groups of lean and obese

[ impact of photoactivation method and restoration technique on microleakage of class II posterior resin composite restorations]

Statement of Problem: The control of microleakage presents a challenge for posterior composite restorations. The technique for composite placement and treatment technique may cause some modifications in the microleakage. The results of different studies are varied

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the marginal microleakage in class II P60 resin composite restorations prepared with two restorative techniques and two polymerization systems

Materials and Method: Standard class II cavity preparations were performed on 56 carries- free extracted molars. Then, the teeth were randomly divided into four groups: 1] Bulk placement and conventional polymerization 2] Incremental placement and conventional polymerization 3] Bulk placement and soft start polymerization 4] Incremental placement and soft start polymerization. All the cavities were restored with single bond and P60 [3M/ESPE] resin composite. After thermo cycling, the specimens were immersed in 2% methylene blue solution for 24 hours and then washed. After sectioning, dye penetration was assessed by light stereomicroscopy at 40x magnification and then evaluated for microleakage by Kruskal-Wallis Test and Mann-Whitney tests

Results: Significant differences were found between the bulk with incremental technique and soft start with conventional polymerization. The highest and lowest rates of microleakage were in bulk conventional and incremental soft start group, respectively. A significant difference was found between groups

Conclusion: The use of incremental placement technique and soft start system results in less microleakage

[Effects of iron supplementation with or without vitamin C on Zn and vitamin C status in iron-deficient university female students]

Iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia are one the most important health problems in the world. Iron supplementation can reduce both Zn absorption and plasma vitamin C concentration. In this study, effects of iron supplementation with and without ascorbic acid on Zn and vitamin C status in iron-deficient university female students have been studied. This study was a double-blind randomized clinical trial. Sixty non-anemic iron-deficient [NAID] girls were selected from 289 female students at Fatemeh Zahra [PBUH] dormitory, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. They were divided randomly into 2 groups, receiving either 50 mg/d elemental iron supplement [group I, intervention] or the supplement plus 500 mg/d ascorbic acid [group II, control] for 12 weeks. Blood analysis was made at the beginning and the end of the 6thand 12th weeks in the two groups. Hemoglobin and serum ferritin concentrations were measured using cell-counter and ELISA, respectively. Serum zinc and iron concentrations were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and plasma vitamin C was analyzed by the 2, 4-DNPH method. The Student's t and repeated-measures tests were employed to analyze the data using the SPSS software. The serum zinc level was not initially significantly different between the two groups. It decreased from 80.9 +/- 4.2 to 68.9 +/- 2.7 and from 81.2 +/- 4.5 to 66.1 +/- 2.9 mg/dl by the 6th week in groups I and II, respectively [p<0.001], but by the 12th week it increased significantly to the preintervention value of 79 +/- 2.9 mg/dl [p < 0.01] in group I and, non-significantly, to 70.5 +/- 3.1 in group n. On the other hand, plasma vita D1 in C increased from 3.0 +/- 0.1 to 3.3 +/- 0.2 mg/l [NS] in group 1 and from 2.7 +/- 0.1 to 4.2 +/- 0.2 mg/l [p < 0.01] in group II by the 6th week. The incremental trend in group n continued between the 6thand 12th weeks [3.3 +/- 0.2 to 4.7 +/- 0.3 mg/l in group I, and 4.2 +/- 0.2 to 7.1 +/- 0.2 mg/l in group II; in both cases p < 0.001]. Serum ferritin and iron levels increased significantly in both groups [p < 0.01]. Iron supplementation with and without vitamin C in iron-deficient female students causes serum Zn reduction after 6 weeks. However, the decreasing trend stops after repletion of iron stores, the Zn level returning to the baseline value. Twelve weeks of iron supplementation does not seem to cause reductions in the serum zinc and plasma vitamin C levels in this age group

[ effect of progressive muscle relaxation method on vital signs in myocardial infraction patients]

Acute myocardial infarction is a common life-threatening event. Meanwhile, anxiety is considered as the most common problems for myocardial infarction patients and their families. The present semi-quasi experimental study was performed to examine the effects of progressive muscle relaxation [PMR] technique on the vital signs of myocardial infarction patients. Seventy-six patients with myocardial infarction are divided into two groups of test and control with randomized allocation method. The intervention was the progressive muscle relaxation technique, which was carried out twice a day for three days for the patients of test group. In the any stage of progressive muscle relaxation technique, the instruments used for data collection was demographic information questionnaire and vital signs chart. The use of progressive muscle relaxation significantly decreased the respiratory rate [P=0.03] in the experimental group compared with the control group, but had no significant effect on the other vital signs [pulse rate, systolic and diastolic BP]. Although, progressive muscle relaxation technique decreases the respiratory rate in patients with myocardial infraction, there are slight changes in the other vital signs following PMR application