[Biochemical markers troponin I, leptin and CK-MB in coronary artery diseases]

In recent years, troponin I has been a prognostic factor of myocardial cell injury. Also, regarding the importance of leptin measurement in coronary artery disease investigations are being performed. In addition, CK-MB has been a "gold standard" test for this disease. The aim of this study was to assess the biochemical markers Troponin I, Leptin and CK-MB in coronary artery diseases. This was a study on 100 patients who suffered from coronary artery disease. Following blood collection, the serum sample was tested to determine the concentration of troponin I, Leptin, and CK-MB. Troponin I level was measured by two-site immunoluminometric assay. Leptin and CK-MB levels were detected by ELISA. Statistical t-test was employed to analyze the data. The data obtained in the present study was indicative of a significant correlation between troponin I and Leptin among the patients [p=0.01]. Also, a significant relationship was observed between troponin I and CK-MB in our study population [p=0.01]. In addition, there was a significant relationship between both leptin and troponin 1 and the gender [p<0.001; p<0.016]. Leptin was also found to have a significant association with age [p=0.018]. Finally, a significant correlation between the history of myocardial infarction and gender was demonstrated [p<0.002]. Our results showed that the measurement of troponin I in combination with CK-MB, as gold standard, could be considered as an appropriate diagnostic method for progress of myocardial infarction. Leptin and troponin I are also suitable biomarkers in diagnosis of coronary artery diseases. Due to lack of troponin I in other body tissues except for cardiac tissue, troponin I is proposed as an ideal marker for definite diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction

[Prooxidant- antioxidant balance in CAD patients]

The balance between ROS generation and antioxidant activity is critical to the pathogenesis of oxidative stress related disorders. In this study the prooxidant - antioxidant balance and its correlation with lipid profile and uric acid was determined to evaluate the PAB as a prognostic factor for CAD. Seventy - two patients and sixty eight healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. The values of PAB were determined by using standard solutions and ELISA method. Triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL- cholesterol, HDL - cholesterol and uric acid were measured by enzymatic method. The PAB values of CAD patients and control group were 70.01 +/- 3.36 [HK unit] and 66.40 +/- 2.84 [HK unit] respectively. There was no significant difference between PAB values among the two groups [P= 0.41]. There was no significant difference between uric acid levels among the two groups [P= 0.46]. There was a significant correlation between the uric acid values among patients and healthy volunteers and PAB values [P <0.01]. There was a significant correlation between the TG, values among patients and healthy volunteers and PAB values [P<0.05]. This study showed oxidative stress could be used as a significant risk predictor in the coronary artery disease patient

Apolipoprotein E polymorphism, paraoxonase-1 activity and coronary artery disease: is there a link

The association of ApoE allele frequencies with coronary artery disease [CAD] remains unknown in developing countries. Paraoxonase 1 [PON1] is an enzyme that is associated with high density lipoprotein [HDL] and hydrolyzes oxidized lipids in oxidized low density lipoprotein [LDL] and thus protects against the development of atherosclerosis. In this study the association of apoE polymorphism and PON1 with premature CAD was determined. The frequency of apo E alleles and the activity of the PON1 among 162 patients with early and late onset CAD was examined. The mean age in the early and late-onset groups were 44.9 ' 4.9 and 71.7'2.5 years respectively. Patients with early-onset CAD had significantly lower serum levels of HDL-C and higher LDL-C/HDL-C ratio than the late-onset group. There was no difference in serum levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol and LDL-C between the two groups. The e2 allele was significantly higher in the late-onset group. 35.0% of early-onset and 17.5% of late-onset group had low level of PON1. 86% of the early-onset CAD and all of the late-onset CAD patients with e3/ e4 genotype, had low or moderate level of PON1 activity. We found a positive association between PON1 activity, HDL level and the onset of CAD. Our study suggests that there are modest associations between CAD and apo E alleles and that the lower activity of PON1 in the presence of lower apo E level may increase the susceptibility to early-onset CAD